| Rural Advocate News | Friday March 24, 2023 |

Midwest Farmers Planting More Corn and Wheat Midwestern farmers are planning to plant more corn and wheat this spring. An Ag Access survey says farmers will add 27 percent more acres to corn and 32 percent more to wheat. A smaller percentage, at 17 percent, says they’ll increase their soybean acres. The survey results match up with USDA projections at its recent Ag Outlook Forum. The agency forecasts corn plantings at 91 million acres, up from 88.6 million in 2022. Wheat plantings will be 49.5 million acres, up from 45.7 million in 2022. Soybean acres will total 87.5 million acres, unchanged from last year. USDA Chief Economist Seth Meyers says the increase in wheat acres is in response to tight supplies and high global prices brought on in part by the war in Ukraine. The Ag Access survey also asked farmers about their top concerns for 2023. Ninety-three percent said their top answer was high input costs. *********************************************************************************** Farmers Face Extreme Variation in the Price of Inputs Farmers Business Network released its 2023 Ag Chemical Price Transparency Report which highlights the extreme price variation facing farmers. The report collected information from 37 states and accounts for over 800 insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. “The last two years have seen extreme fluctuations in chemical pricing for farmers,” says Kevin McNew, chief economist and VP of FBN Research. “Providing more transparency enables producers to make more informed buying decisions to drive ROI from every input dollar.” Across 236 different chemical products, there was a 15 percent variance, on average, between the average list price of a product and the price farmers actually paid for it. For example, the average list price for Roundup PowerMAX 3 in June 2022 was $60 per gallon, but farmers paid between $45-$73 during that time. FBN says extreme farmer-to-farmer variability suggests that chemical markets make it challenging for farmers to get uniform costs for ag chemicals. *********************************************************************************** Next Generation Fuels Act Reintroduced in the Senate The Next Generation Fuels Act was reintroduced in the Senate, a move that drew praise from the National Corn Growers Association. The legislation, one of NCGA’s top agricultural advocacy priorities, would lower fuel prices, reduce carbon emissions, and help keep America’s energy secure. The Act would clean up the nation’s fuel supply and transition new vehicles to use cleaner, more efficient fuels that also lower costs for drivers. It would establish a clean, high-octane standard for fuel and require that sources of additional octane result in at least 40 percent fewer greenhouse gas emissions. That would allow automakers to significantly improve vehicle fuel efficiency through advanced engines. The legislation builds on the nation’s clean energy progress by advancing higher ethanol blends and new vehicles that work together to deliver greater emissions reductions, cost savings, and consumer choice. The Act would also permanently remove barriers that prohibit access to year-round ethanol. *********************************************************************************** Bankers Report an 8.1 Percent increase in Farm Bank Lending Despite numerous headwinds in 2022, agricultural lending by U.S. farm banks increased by 8.1 percent in 2022 to $103.1 billion. The American Bankers Association’s annual Farm Bank Performance Report says the change is due to a 9.7 percent increase in outstanding loans secured by farmland and a 5.9 percent increase in agricultural and production loans. The report also says farmland continues to provide a strong equity base for producers to tap as land values saw strong growth in 2022 after staying flat for several years. The bankers say the ag sector will face continued challenges in 2023 due to monetary policy actions targeting persistent inflation in the U.S. and continuing geopolitical uncertainty. The report also shows farm banks are a major source of credit to America’s small farmers. Banks held more than $43.8 billion in small farm loans, including $9.3 billion in micro farm loans at the end of 2022. *********************************************************************************** Ethanol Output Drops Below One Million Barrels a Day The Energy Information Administration says ethanol production dropped below an average of a million barrels a day during the week ending on March 17. That’s the first time production dropped below that mark in over two months. Output totaled 997,000 barrels a day, on average. That’s down from 1.04 million barrels a day during the prior week and the lowest since the seven days ending on January 6. The country’s largest-producing region is the Midwest, which saw production drop to 954,000 barrels a day from 966,000 the previous week. That’s also the lowest since early January. Gulf Coast production dropped an average of 8,000 barrels to 24,000 barrels per day. East Coast and West Coast production totals were the only ones higher than the prior week, with each rising about 1,000 barrels to an average of 11,000 and 5,000 barrels a day, respectively. Stockpiles averaged about 26.188 million barrels a day. *********************************************************************************** Nomination Open for American Lamb Board Members Nominations for new members of the American Lamb Board must be submitted by certified nominating organizations and are due to the USDA’s Ag Marketing Service by May 5. The Secretary of Agriculture appoints the board members from the nominations. USDA is looking for a producer with 100 or fewer lambs, a producer with more than 500 lambs, a feeder with 500 or fewer lambs, a first handler, and a seedstock producer. One of the producer representatives must be from Region One, east of the Mississippi River. The board positions for feeder, first handler, and seedstock representatives are not limited to geographic location. Board members who have completed two consecutive three-year terms are not eligible for reappointment to the ALB. Each vacant position needs a minimum of two nominations. The 13-member board maintains and expands markets for sheep and lamb products. Board members come from both east and west of the Mississippi River.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday March 24, 2023 |

Friday Watch List Markets A report on February U.S. durable goods orders will be out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Friday, the only significant report of the day. Traders will continue to monitor the latest weather forecasts and keep an eye on financial markets. Traders will also pause at 8 a.m. CDT, having gotten accustomed to USDA announcing a corn export sale. Weather Widespread rain and thunderstorms are occurring along a stalled front in the Ohio Valley back to a system moving through the Southern Plains. Thunderstorms are strong Friday morning across Oklahoma and Texas and will move through the Lower Mississippi Valley later Friday with significant risks of severe weather. Meanwhile, heavy rain will continue in the Ohio Valley. As the system moves northeast along the front later Friday night, a band of snow will develop across the Midwest and could be heavy for a small stripe from eastern Iowa through Michigan.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday March 23, 2023 |

Federal Court in North Dakota Weighs Granting WOTUS Injunction LINCOLN, Neb. (DTN) -- Over the objection of EPA attorneys, a federal judge on Wednesday granted agriculture groups' motion to intervene in an ongoing lawsuit filed by 24 states challenging the Biden administration's waters of the U.S. rule. Though the WOTUS rule took effect on March 20, the U.S. District Court for the District of North Dakota also is considering a motion filed by the states for a preliminary injunction. Earlier this week the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas granted a preliminary injunction to the states of Texas and Idaho, while denying a motion to intervene and a motion for a national injunction filed by ag groups including the American Farm Bureau Federation. The federal judge in North Dakota was much more lenient in granting ag groups' motion to intervene. "In the Southern District of Texas litigation, as in this case, the defendants asserted no preliminary injunction should issue but, alternatively, asserted any injunctive relief should be geographically limited to the plaintiff states," Judge Alice R. Senechal said in the court's decision. "Because defendants oppose nationwide injunctive relief, movants contend the only avenue open to organizations such as theirs with nationwide interests is to file separate actions covering the entire nation. And they point to litigation over the 2015 WOTUS rule -- where several courts enjoyed enforcement in only states that were parties to the litigation -- as 'instructive.' In fact, the injunction recently issued in the Southern District of Texas applies only in the two states that are plaintiffs in that case." The court granted the ag groups' motion in part because otherwise they would face the possibility of filing separate lawsuits in the each of the 24 states. States filing the lawsuit include Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia and Wyoming. Their lawsuit alleges EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have "toppled the cooperative federalism regime" by implementing a rule that is "overbroad and hopelessly vague." The interest groups allowed to intervene include the American Farm Bureau Federation, American Petroleum Institute, National Cattlemen's Beef Association, National Corn Growers Association, National Pork Producers Council, Public Lands Council, U.S. Poultry and Egg Association as well as state-level ag groups and construction interest groups. "Keeping in mind the premise that any doubts should be resolved in favor of intervention, in this court's view, movants have established that their interests are not adequately protected by the existing parties," the court said. The 24 states have asked the federal court in North Dakota to vacate the Biden administration's iteration of the WOTUS rule and to find it unlawful, and to prevent the agencies from enforcing the rule.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday March 23, 2023 |

Coalition Calls for Farm and Food Business Technical Assistance in the Farm Bill  An agriculture-focused coalition Wednesday asked the House and Senate Agriculture Committees for dedicated funding for business technical assistance and farm viability in the upcoming Farm Bill.  American Farmland Trust, the Agricultural Viability Alliance, and a national coalition of agricultural organizations, service providers, nonprofits, businesses, lending institutions, and government entities made the request in a letter to lawmakers. The call for dedicated Farm Bill funding builds on work that AFT, in partnership with the Agricultural Viability Alliance, began in 2021 requesting USDA to set aside a portion of Coronavirus relief funding for one-to-one business technical assistance. Business technical assistance covers a wide range of one-to-one services offered to farm and food businesses by nonprofit organizations, state agencies, private consultants, and extension services. Customized to meet the unique needs of individual businesses, these services include coaching, skill development, and planning related to financial and labor management, marketing and business strategies, farm transfer and succession, and access to land and capital. *********************************************************************************** Grains Council Signs Ethanol MOU in Panama The U.S. Grains Council this week signed an ethanol memorandum of understanding with the Industrial Association of Sugar Cane of Panama. The signing came as part of a USDA trade mission to South America. The Grains Council held a regional seminar in Panama City that brought together stakeholders and government officials from Central American countries and the Dominican Republic to learn about ethanol and gasoline blending in the region. The MOU recognizes the importance of assessing the role and benefits of biofuels and ethanol in promoting economic growth, diversification of the energy matrix and decarbonization of transportation in the global energy transition to address global greenhouse gas emissions. USDA Undersecretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Alexis Taylor says, "This MOU bolsters economic and energy security through both domestic production and strengthening trade ties between our two nations." Global ethanol consumption has grown from 16 billion gallons in 2010 to more than 27 billion in 2022. *********************************************************************************** NCGA to EPA: Ensure Consumer Access to Higher Ethanol Blends The National Corn Growers Association urged EPA officials to implement a petition from Midwest governors that would remove barriers to higher blends of ethanol and avoid further delay. EPA’s public hearing reviewed the agency’s recent proposal to implement a plan from eight Midwest governors to require lower-volatility gasoline so drivers in those states continue to have year-round access to fuel with 15 percent ethanol, often marketed as Unleaded 88. EPA has proposed delaying implementation of the governors’ plan until 2024. NCGA President Tom Haag took issue with the delays to date and urged EPA to avoid further delays in implementation. He also highlighted the emissions reduction benefits of E15 and the current cost savings of up to 20 cents or more per gallon when drivers choose E15. Haag says, “we now strongly urge EPA to implement this rule with an effective date of April 28, 2024 -- as proposed --without further delay.” *********************************************************************************** USDA Announces Investments in School Meals The Department of Agriculture Wednesday announced new investments to provide healthy school meals to students. USDA announced several actions to expand support and access to the school meal program including $50 million in grants to increase collaboration between schools, food producers and suppliers. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack says, "Continuing to make school meals healthier and available to more students are some of the best ways we can help our children thrive early in life." Grants were awarded to Boise State University, the Chef Ann Foundation, Full Plates Full Potential and the Illinois Public Health Initiative. USDA says the grants will foster innovation in the school food marketplace to get a wider variety of healthy, appealing foods into the marketplace and onto kids' lunch trays. Schools and other eligible organizations can apply for the challenge sub-grants later this year and are encouraged to check the USDA’s Healthy Meals Incentives website for updates. *********************************************************************************** Commodity Classic 2023 Sets Record Attendance Organizers of the 2023 Commodity Classic announced more than 10,400 attendees were at the event in Orlando earlier this month. The 2023 event broke the previous Commodity Classic record of 9,770 attendees from New Orleans in 2016. Commodity Classic co-chair George Goblish says, "We knew going into the event that registration was up 30 percent over last year, but to have a record-breaking show just blew us away." Co-chair Kenny Hartman of Illinois added, "There's nothing like connecting in person, and it just felt like everyone was so excited to come together again to see the best agriculture has to offer. This year's event featured more than 30 educational sessions, a sold-out trade show with more than 400 exhibitors, a keynote address by Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack, and policy meetings of the sponsoring commodity associations. The 2024 Commodity Classic will be held February 29 - March 2, 2024, in Houston, Texas. For information, visit CommodityClassic.com. *********************************************************************************** Lawmaker Seeks to Ensure AM Radio in All Vehicles Representative Josh Gotthemier this week urged electric vehicle manufacturers to include AM radio in their cars and trucks. The New Jersey Democrat says, "I would think that if Elon Musk has enough money to buy Twitter and send rockets to space, he can afford to include AM radio in his Teslas." The lawmaker says that despite the public safety uses of AM radio, many EV manufacturers have stopped including AM radio in their vehicles. AM radio is the backbone behind America's National Public Warning System, which provides emergency-alert and warning information to the public during major natural disasters and domestic threats. Gottheimer is writing to major EV auto manufacturers urging them to reconsider their decision to discontinue AM radio in their cars. Gottheimer also called on the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to add AM radio to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards to require that all automakers include AM radio as a stock feature in their vehicles.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday March 23, 2023 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's export sales report is out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Thursday, the same time as weekly U.S. jobless claims and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. February U.S. new home sales are set for 9 a.m., followed by weekly U.S. natural gas storage at 9:30 a.m. USDA's monthly cold storage report will be released at 2 p.m. Traders will continue to monitor the latest weather forecasts and are in the habit of expecting an export sale announcement at 8 a.m. Weather A cold front from Texas through the Midwest is going to be fairly active on Thursday as a system moves out of the Southern Rockies and attaches itself to the front. That will increase the risk of severe weather across Oklahoma and Texas later Thursday and Thursday night, mostly with a hail threat. Heavier rain and thunderstorms are going to develop along this front, which could lead to some areas of flooding going through Friday from Oklahoma through the Ohio Valley.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday March 22, 2023 |

NASDA Releases Feeding the Economy Report As part of the National Ag Day Celebration Tuesday, the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture released its annual Feeding the Economy Report. The data shows food and agriculture industries and their suppliers contribute over $8.6 trillion to the U.S. economy. NASDA CEO Ted McKinney says the report "proves our industry's continued strength across the states and around the globe." This year's report shows the U.S. food and agriculture sector directly supports nearly 23 million jobs, provides $927 billion in wages, and is particularly vital to rural communities across America. Notably, the 2023 report reveals that manufacturing agricultural products accounts for nearly one-fifth of total manufacturing jobs in the United States. Overall, more than 46 million jobs are supported across the food and agriculture supply chain, increasing nearly two percent since the 2019 report despite the economic challenges and disruptions associated with the global pandemic. Find the report at feedingtheeconomy.com. *********************************************************************************** Biden Creates new National Monuments to Conserve Land and Waters President Biden Tuesday announced two new actions to conserve and restore lands and waters across the nation. The effort includes establishing the Avi Kwa Ame (Avak-yuh-ah-may) National Monument in Nevada and Castner Range National Monument in Texas. The Avi Kwa Ame National Monument in Nevada will honor Tribal Nations and Indigenous peoples while conserving public lands and growing America’s outdoor recreation economy, according to the White House. The Castner Range National Monument will expand access to the outdoors for the El Paso community while honoring veterans and servicemembers. Together, these new national monuments protect nearly 514,000 acres of public lands. The President also directed the Secretary of Commerce to consider initiating a new National Marine Sanctuary designation within 30 days to protect all U.S. waters around the Pacific Remote Islands. If completed, the new sanctuary would ensure the U.S. will reach the President's goal of conserving at least 30% of ocean waters under American jurisdiction by 2030. *********************************************************************************** New Coalition Calls for Robust Farm Bill Agriculture and Nutrition Funding Feeding America this week announced the launch of Farmers Feed America. The organization says the broad coalition shows that farmers and food banks are united in calling for a strong 2023 Farm Bill that meets the needs of America's farmers and protects federal nutrition programs. The new nonpartisan coalition comprises farmers, food companies, food retailers, and hunger-relief organizations, including Feeding America and the American Farm Bureau Association. This year's farm bill reauthorization process is an opportunity to reflect on the innovations that worked during the pandemic and apply those learnings to future food and nutrition policy, according to the organization. The Farmers Feed America coalition has come together to establish shared principles for the next farm bill that help meet the continued needs of communities facing hunger, bolster the nation's food resilience, and enhance markets for farmers and ranchers. The coalition urges members of Congress to adopt these principles as they write the 2023 Farm Bill. *********************************************************************************** USDA Announces Wildfire Prevention Investments The Department of Agriculture this week announced the first investment of a $1 billion effort to mitigate wildfire risks as the nation faces an ongoing wildfire crisis. USDA announced a $197 million investment for 100 projects that benefits 22 states as part of the Community Wildfire Defense Grant program. USDA's Forest Service worked with states and tribes through an interagency workgroup to develop the Community Wildfire Defense Grant program, originally announced in June 2022. Grant proposals underwent a competitive selection process, including review panels of state forestry agencies and tribal representatives. The agency used the three priorities outlined in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law to narrow down the communities in greatest need. These priorities included communities impacted by severe disasters, those with high or very high wildfire hazard potential or classified as low income. The initial round of investments will assist communities in developing Community Wildfire Protection Plans, key roadmaps for addressing wildfire risks locally. *********************************************************************************** Food Retail Concentration Increases as Geographic Area Shrinks New data from USDA’s Economic Research Service shows food retail concentration increases as geographic area shrinks. The food retail market comprises individual firms, such as grocery stores and supercenters, that sell food products to consumers. The concentration of these retailers’ shares of the market increased over the last three decades at the national, State, Metropolitan Statistical Area, and county levels in the United States. USDA uses the HHI index to calculate concentrations. HHI values range from 0 to 10,000, with higher values reflecting higher levels of market concentration, fewer firms, or increasing disparity between the size of the firms in the market. On average, food retail concentration is higher at the Metropolitan Statistical Area level than at the national level, and concentration is even higher once the market is defined at the county level. As the geographic market area shrinks, the market concentration in 2019 increased from 593 nationally to 1,300 at the state level, 1,800 at the Metropolitan Statistical Area, and 3,700 at the county level. *********************************************************************************** Sorghum Ups Investment Game with Venture Capital Platform Launch The Collaborative Sorghum Marketing Transformation Program Tuesday announced the launch of a venture capital platform. The platform is dedicated exclusively to attracting capital for companies, projects and innovations that create opportunities for sorghum farmers. Board Director JB Stewart of Oklahoma says, “The number of opportunities to add value to sorghum farmers by attracting capital to our industry is truly unprecedented.” The program matches private capital with funding to support startups and established companies investing in sorghum and facilitates a network of private investors seeking opportunities for competitive returns in agriculture. Fueled by relationships across the sorghum industry and the supply chain, the program leverages knowledge and financial flexibility to support startups, existing companies and investors bringing innovation to the sorghum industry. Known as cSmart, the program is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that comes alongside private investors by providing funding to startups and established businesses seeking to add new value to sorghum farmers.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday March 22, 2023 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets The U.S. Energy Department's weekly inventory report will be out at 9:30 a.m. CDT Wednesday, the only significant report of the day before the Federal Reserve announces its decision on interest rates at 1 p.m. Traders will continue to monitor the latest weather forecasts, especially in Brazil and have gotten in the habit of expecting an export sale announcement at 8 a.m. Weather Several storm systems are passing through the country on Wednesday morning. Some are coming and some are going, producing widespread areas of precipitation for much of the country throughout the day. This may turn into a band of moderate snow across Nebraska and into Iowa Wednesday night, along with a small potential for severe thunderstorms from northern Missouri into northern Indiana Wednesday evening as well. A cold front separates cold air in the north from warm air in the south while winds whip through the Southern Plains for yet another day.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday March 21, 2023 |

NCBA Concerned with District Court Decision to Let WOTUS Rule Stand The Biden administration's version of the Waters of the U.S. rule went into effect Monday. The National Cattlemen's Beef Association expressed displeasure in a District Court decision to deny a preliminary injunction of the rule. NCBA President Todd Wilkinson says, "This latest WOTUS rule will place more burdens on family farms and ranches, drive up costs, and prevent cattle producers like me from making investments in our land." The Environmental Protection Agency finalized the latest WOTUS rule at the end of 2022. NCBA and its litigation partners filed a lawsuit seeking to overturn the rule on January 18, 2023. NCBA sought a nationwide preliminary injunction, which would have prevented the federal government from implementing the WOTUS rule until the entire case is decided. Instead, the court granted a limited injunction in only two states—Texas and Idaho. NCBA Chief Counsel Mary-Thomas Hart adds, “The court’s decision to keep the Biden administration’s WOTUS rule in place is concerning and irresponsible.” *********************************************************************************** UN Reaches Black Sea Grain Initiative Extension The United Nations Secretary-General over the weekend announced an extension of the Black Sea Grain Initiative. The announcement came at the last minute as the agreement was set to expire. The Initiative facilitates the safe navigation for the exports of grain and related foodstuffs and fertilizers, including ammonia, from designated Ukrainian seaports. During the first two terms, some 25 million metric tons of grain and foodstuffs have been moved to 45 countries, helping to bring down global food prices and stabilizing the markets. The Black Sea Grain Initiative, alongside the Memorandum of Understanding on promoting Russian food products and fertilizers to the world markets, are critical for global food security, especially for developing countries. The original agreement was signed in July of 2022 to address the need for Ukraine to export agricultural products during the Russia-Ukraine war. Ukrainian officials indicate the agreement was extended for another 120 days. *********************************************************************************** AFBF Hails Bipartisan Effort to Freeze Flawed Wage Rate The American Farm Bureau Federation urges Congress to pass legislation to freeze the flawed 2023 Adverse Effect Wage Rate, or AEWR (a-were). AFBF says the rate distorts labor costs for farmers across the country who hire nearly 400,000 employees through the H-2A program. The bipartisan Farm Operations Support Act temporarily resets the AEWR at 2022 levels, providing much need wage relief to farm families and giving Congress an opportunity to deliver a fair and reasonable solution. Farm Bureau says the 2023 AEWR rule missed the mark by such a wide margin that farmers in some states experienced required wage increases of more than ten percent after smaller increases last year. The AEWR has significantly outpaced increases in the national average wage for most workers in America for most of a decade. AFBF President Zippy Duvall adds, “Farmers are committed to paying their employees a fair wage, but the new AEWR rule used flawed data to reach a flawed conclusion.” *********************************************************************************** USDA Kicks Off Central America-Dominican Republic Trade Mission Department of Agriculture Undersecretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Alexis Taylor arrived in Panama City Monday to launch a regional agribusiness trade mission. Taylor and the trade delegation on the trip look to develop stronger ties and build economic partnerships between the United States and Panama and markets throughout the Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement region. Taylor says, “I’m confident the next few days will produce mutually beneficial results to help expand trade and increase collaboration on key issues impacting agriculture in the United States and Central America.” Local staff from FAS Panama City will host business meetings between U.S. trade mission delegates and companies from Panama and six other countries seeking to import American food and farm products. The itinerary also includes bilateral meetings with the Panamanian government, retail promotions featuring U.S. products, and a memorandum of understanding signing between the U.S. Grains Council and the Panamanian Sugar Cane National Industry on ethanol blending. *********************************************************************************** USDA Announces No Actions Under Feedstock Flexibility Program USDA's Commodity Credit Corporation announced Monday it does not expect to purchase and sell sugar under the Feedstock Flexibility Program for crop year 2022, which ends September 2023. The CCC is required by law to quarterly announce estimates of sugar to be purchased and sold under the Feedstock Flexibility Program based on crop and consumption forecasts. Federal law allows sugar processors to obtain loans from USDA with maturities of up to nine months when the sugarcane or sugar beet harvests begin. On loan maturity, the sugar processor may repay the loan in full or forfeit the collateral, sugar, to USDA to satisfy the loan. The program was initially authorized in the 2008 Farm Bill, as an option to avoid sugar forfeitures. Under the Feedstock Flexibility Program, if USDA is faced with the likelihood of loan forfeitures, it is required to purchase surplus sugar and sell it to bioenergy producers to reduce the surplus in the food use market and support sugar prices. *********************************************************************************** USDA: Education Gaps Exist Between Rural and Urban Communities Formal educational attainment in rural America has grown, but rural areas still lag behind urban areas. USDA’s Economic Research Service data shows the share of adults ages 25 and older with a bachelor’s degree or higher increased in rural areas from 15 to 21 percent. In the same time span, the share of adults in urban areas with a bachelor’s degree or higher increased from 26 to 36 percent, widening the rural-urban gap from 11 to 15 percentage points in these two reference periods. The rural-urban gap in the share of people with at least a bachelor’s degree is even larger for younger age groups. In 2017–21, the share of working-age adults, ages 25–64, with at least a bachelor's degree, was 37 percent in urban areas and 21 percent in rural areas. The share of younger adults ages 25–44 with at least a bachelor’s degree was 40 percent in urban areas and 22 percent in rural areas.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday March 21, 2023 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets On Tuesday, the second day of spring, February U.S. existing home sales are due out at 9 a.m. CDT. The Federal Reserve begins its two-day meeting with a lot to talk about, but no decision to announce until Wednesday. Traders will continue to monitor weather forecasts and will remain touchy about any new events in the financial sector. Weather The first in a string of storms is moving into the Plains Tuesday, bringing scattered showers to the southeastern Plains into the Midwest and Delta, and a batch of snow to the Northern Plains. Winds again will be breezy for the Southern Plains, which will continue to draw out what available soil moisture exists for areas that are going to stay dry in this active pattern. Speaking of which, the next storm system in the series is moving into California, which will make for two more storm systems for later in the week.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday March 20, 2023 |

Court Puts WOTUS Hold in Texas, Idaho Federal Judge Also Denies Request to Issue a National Injunction LINCOLN, Neb. (DTN) -- A federal judge in Texas granted a preliminary injunction on Sunday, halting the Biden administration's waters of the U.S. rule in Texas and Idaho, pending the outcome of a lawsuit filed by the state of Texas and several industry groups including the American Farm Bureau Federation. U.S. District Judge Jeffrey Brown in the Southern District of Texas in Galveston put the injunction in place as the rule took effect on Monday in the rest of the country. The injunction will remain in place pending consideration of motions to vacate the rule and send it back to the EPA. Brown, a Trump appointee, denied a motion for a national injunction against the new rule by ag groups led by the American Farm Bureau Federation. Texas and five agencies in the state filed a lawsuit against the EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on Jan. 18 and a total of 18 interest groups including the agriculture, oil and housing industries filed suit a day later in the same court in Galveston. There are two other lawsuits pending in federal court in North Dakota, where 24 states have sued the Biden administration, and in Kentucky where the state of Kentucky has sued the EPA. In granting the preliminary injunction, Brown found Texas and Idaho have a "substantial likelihood" they would prevail on the merits of the case, would face a "substantial threat" that they would suffer "irreparable injury" without an injunction, that the threat of injury outweighs the "threatened harm" to the party they seek to enjoin and that the injunction was in the public's interest. Brown, however, found the associations also party to the lawsuit, including the AFBF, have not shown "irreparable harm" if a national injunction is not issued. The National Cattlemen's Beef Association said in a statement it was disappointed in the court's decision not to grant a national injunction. "This latest WOTUS rule will place more burdens on family farms and ranches, drive up costs, and prevent cattle producers like me from making investments in our land," NCBA President Todd Wilkinson, a South Dakota cattle producer, said in a statement. "While we appreciate the court's injunction of the rule in Texas and Idaho, we are strongly disappointed in the decision to keep this WOTUS rule in place in 48 states." Brown's ruling was critical of the Biden administration's use of two tests -- significant nexus and relatively permanent -- when making jurisdictional determinations. "Even if the court assumes that Justice Kennedy's significant-nexus test appropriately measures the agencies' jurisdiction under the act, the rule does not accurately reflect his test," Brown said in his ruling. "Indeed, the rule's substantial variance from Justice Kennedy's test compels the court to question its legitimacy and persuades the court that the plaintiffs will likely succeed on the merits. Certainly, the court agrees with the defendants that federally regulating some interstate waters may be necessary to carry out Congress's intent to protect the nation's waters but the court is not convinced that the act's text supports unrestrained federal jurisdiction over all interstate waters. "As explained above, the court finds a substantial likelihood that the 2023 rule exceeds the agencies' statutory authority under the act." Brown's decision was seen as a setback by environmental groups that are defending the Biden administration's approach. "This decision is a setback for the public, which has long depended on the Clean Water Act to safeguard downstream communities and the environment," said Stuart Gillespie, senior attorney with Earthjustice. "We will work closely with our partners to ensure the law and science prevail, and that our communities receive the protections afforded by the Clean Water Act." Texas and the ag groups said in motions the court should stop the agencies from implementing the rule, pointing out their concerns with the reach of the new rule. "The rule abandons any limitation to waters that impact interstate commerce, relying on an arbitrary 'significant-nexus' test that strays far from any legal authority," Texas said in a motion. "Texas asks the court for an injunction to support the public interest and prevent irreparable harm to Texas' sovereignty, its agencies' core objectives and incurrence of unrecoverable costs to comply with a rule unlikely to survive review." Texas argued the WOTUS rule effectively asserts jurisdiction "over non-navigable, intrastate waters based solely on whether the use, degradation, or destruction of the water could affect interstate or foreign commerce." Texas said the rule "unlawfully expands" federal jurisdiction and "arbitrarily casts federal authority over a remarkable array of water features (or dry land). "The issue before the court is whether Texas must incur the burden and expense of complying with a federal 'clarification' while Texas challenges that rule as federal overreach," Texas said in its motion.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday March 20, 2023 |

Organizations Want Congress to Pass TPA America’s top food and ag organizations representing thousands of farmers, ranchers, producers, and workers sent a letter to Congress urging action to improve ag exports. More than 50 of the most influential food and ag groups urged Congress to pass Trade Promotion Authority. TPA is regularly passed by Congress to give the administration objectives and guidance in pursuing tariff-cutting trade agreements. The letter notes when it comes to trade agreements with tariff reduction, the U.S. is falling behind global economic competitors like China and the European Union. “Regrettably, America is falling badly behind,” the letter says. “Between 2010 and 2020, China and the E.U. enjoyed over twice as much advantage from trade agreement tariff reductions as the U.S.” They also say the situation has gotten much worse this decade. “The United States has not implemented a comprehensive trade agreement that opens new markets in more than a decade,” the groups add. *********************************************************************************** USDA Awards Funding to Protect U.S. Cattle From FMD The USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service awarded the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association with $445,400 in funding to advance the Secure Beef Supply Plan. The plan would go into effect in the event of a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in the U.S. “NCBA is grateful for this critical funding to help continue defending the U.S. cattle herd from the threat of foot-and-mouth disease,” says Allison Rivera, NCBA executive director of government affairs. “The Secure Beef Supply Plan combined with USDA’s national vaccine bank provides a strong safety net for cattle producers and multiple tools to mitigate the risk of a potential outbreak.” This funding was made available through the 2018 Farm Bill and shows why continued support and further funding for animal disease preparation measures like the Secure Beef Supply Plan and the National Animal Vaccine and Veterinary Countermeasures Bank are so important as Congress works on the 2023 Farm Bill. *********************************************************************************** African Swine Fever Surging Again in China African Swine Fever is making a resurgence in China and will potentially push prices higher for the most popular protein in the country. Bloomberg says multiple outbreaks have shown up in different parts of the country throughout the winter. Rabobank expects the most recent wave of ASF to significantly lower production capacity and push prices higher during the second quarter of 2023. The outbreak was most severe in the northern regions of the country, and multiple areas are still struggling with the disease. Rabobank estimates say the latest wave has hit 10 percent of the nation’s sow herd, which controls hog production. An outbreak in 2018-2019 decimated China’s pig herd, at the time, the largest herd in the world. The spike fueled inflation as pork is a key element in the Chinese consumer price index. Official estimates say 8-15 percent of total production could be lost in the current outbreak. *********************************************************************************** TFI Happy with Biostimulant Legislation The Fertilizer Institute President and CEO Corey Rosenbusch is pleased with the introduction of the Plant Biostimulant Act. The act, introduced in both the House and Senate, will support the adoption of biostimulants by farmers and provide clarity to the emerging marketplace. Biostimulants have the potential to enhance the existing environmental stewardship of growers and complement their 4R practices. “Biostimulants support environmental stewardship by improving the efficiencies of fertilizer application and soil health while also increasing crop yields,” Rosenbusch says. “With a growing population, demand for agricultural production continues to increase.” He also says biostimulants are a relatively new innovation in agriculture and that there’s great potential in these products. However, there are hurdles to overcome, including the lack of a uniform framework to regulate them as plant nutrition products. “We need the guardrails this act provides to help foster innovation, research, testing, and a path to market these products,” Rosenbusch says. *********************************************************************************** USDA Accepting Applications for 2024 Export Programs The USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service is accepting applications from eligible organizations for fiscal year 2024 funding for five export market development programs. FAS recently published the FY 2024 Notices of Funding Opportunity for the Market Access Program, Foreign Market Development Program, Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops Program, the Quality Samples Program, and the Emerging Markets Program. Under the Market Access Program, USDA provides cost-share assistance to U.S. exporters and agricultural, fish, and forest product trade organizations for international marketing and promotion of U.S. commodities and products. Under the Foreign Market Development Program, USDA partners with nonprofit agricultural and forest product trade associations to build longer-term international demand for U.S. commodities. The Emerging Markets Program supports technical assistance activities for developing emerging markets for U.S. agricultural, fish, and forest products. The application deadline for the five programs is May 19. For more information on the rest of the programs, go to fas.usda.gov. *********************************************************************************** Drought Relief in the Western U.S. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration says spring flooding is an ongoing problem in the western U.S., especially in California. The abnormally wet winter will further improve drought across much of the western U.S. as a historically-high snowpack melts in the months ahead. Winter precipitation combined with recent storms has eliminated exceptional and extreme drought in California for the first time since 2020 and is expected to further improve drought conditions this spring. Moisture in the spring is expected to improve drought conditions across parts of the Northern and Central Plains. Drought conditions are expected to improve or disappear over the next three months in Florida. Areas of extreme to exceptional drought across parts of the Southern High Plains are likely to persist through the spring season. Drought is also expected to develop in parts of New Mexico. In the Northwest U.S. and northern Rockies, drought conditions are expected to continue.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday March 20, 2023 |

Top 5 Things to Watch - Celebrations, Frosted Wheat and Bank Dramas OMAHA (DTN) -- Here are the Top 5 things the DTN Newsroom is tracking for the week of March 19. Watch for coverage of these and other topics through the week on our subscription platforms as well as on DTNPF.com. 1. Ag's big day Tuesday: March 21 is National Ag Day, as DTN and Progressive Farmer will help celebrate all that is agriculture. 2. Ridin' the fallout: With apologies to those rockers from Champaign, Illinois, we will continue to track the gathering storm of Silicon Valley Bank and other bank failures, along with their ripple effects around the globe. Our focus, as always, is on what it all means to your farming operation. 3. Speaking of storms: Things may be a little quieter on the weather front this week, with less chance of heavy precipitation in the areas that have been dumped on lately. Low temperatures will slow soil drying, however, and there have already been some reports of frost in the southern parts of the hard red winter wheat world. We'll watch for how that's playing out in Texas and Oklahoma wheat fields already hurt by dry soils and high winds. 4. Research falling behind? A House Agriculture subcommittee hearing Thursday will discuss the need to increase research dollars in the next farm bill. Many U.S. land-grant universities make the case we are falling critically behind in public ag research. It's not a new argument, but there are many new ears to hear it. 5. Key economic reports: Bank defaults and Fed intentions may get most of the attention, but there also are several rank-and-file economic reports coming this week that analysts will watch for clues to the state of the general economy. We'll look at existing home sales on Tuesday, Thursday sees new home sales, jobless claims and on the farm side of things we'll watch USDA weekly export sales numbers and the USDA monthly cold storage report. And many eyes will focus on the ongoing Black Sea grain deal, particularly now that there's an international arrest warrant for one Mr. V. Putin.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday March 20, 2023 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, in addition to checking the latest weather forecasts, traders will review reports UBS is buying Credit Suisse for roughly $3.2 billion and will be looking for a better explanation of how long the Black Sea grain deal will be extended for. Traders will also pause at 8 a.m. CDT to see if USDA has another corn sale to report. USDA's weekly report of export inspections is due out at 10 a.m. Weather There is a storm system moving through the Southwest U.S. Monday, but most of the country is quiet and cool. Temperatures early Monday morning are below freezing yet again in the Southeast but will rise early this week. The Southwest system is the first of a string that will move through the country this week, pushing a cold front through the country and offering widespread precipitation to boot.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday March 17, 2023 |

Allendale Predicts Corn and Soybean Planted Acres A farmer survey by commodity brokerage firm Allendale says America’s farmers are expected to plant 90.41 million acres of corn and 87.76 million acres of soybeans this year. Those projected corn planting acres would be below the USDA’s Outlook Forum forecast of 91 million acres but above the 88.57 million acres planted in 2022. Projected soybean plantings would top the USDA forecast of 87.5 million acres and exceed the 87.45 million acres planted to soy in 2022. Allendale predicts the all-wheat plantings at 48.7 million acres, below the USDA prediction of 49.5 million but higher than the 2022 planted area of 45.73 million acres. Allendale projected U.S. farmers’ winter wheat seedings to be 36.52 million acres, below the USDA’s January estimate of 36.95 million acres but up from the 33.71 million acres seeded during 2022. The brokerage and analysis firm projects “other spring wheat” acreage for 2023 at 10.6 million acres. *********************************************************************************** National Wheat Organizations Disappointed in Railroad Merger U.S. Wheat Associates and the National Association of Wheat Growers are disappointed that the Surface Transportation Board approved the merger of the Canadian Pacific Railway and Kansas City Southern Railroad. They believe the STB has given a green light to rail consolidation without regard for the consequences on agricultural shippers from a lack of competition in the U.S. rail sector. “U.S. rail consolidation has led to poorer, not improved, service for agricultural shippers,” says USW President Vince Peterson. “In addition, we see extreme disparity in rates for wheat shippers.” Higher shipping rates make U.S. wheat less competitive in the global market at a time when higher prices already hurt the competitiveness of American wheat. “With 50 percent of wheat getting exported, wheat is heavily reliant on rail transportation to move across the U.S.,” says NAWG CEO Chandler Goule. They say the STB must conduct more rigorous oversight of rail rates and service issues. *********************************************************************************** New SD Law Gives More Protection to Ag Operations A new law in South Dakota makes it harder to file nuisance complaints or lawsuits against an agricultural operation. South Dakota Searchlight says it will also limit the amount of monetary awards. After legislators approved the bill earlier this winter, Governor Kristi Noem signed it at a Mitchell, South Dakota, implement dealership this week. She says agriculture is the state’s “number one industry,” and the law protects farmers from frivolous lawsuits. Provisions in the law say only the owner or lessee of an affected property can file a nuisance action and only if the affected property is within a mile of the operation. Groups like Dakota Rural Action and the Izaak Walton League say the law is unnecessary and goes too far. Additional provisions say the plaintiff must present “clear and convincing evidence” the operation violated local, state, or federal laws. The new law goes into effect on July 1. *********************************************************************************** New AI Platform Will Predict Ag Supply Chain Disruptions Helios (HE-lee-ohs) Artificial Intelligence, Inc. launched the open beta of its platform that will identify agricultural supply chain disruptions ahead of time. The company’s founder and CEO says they’ve created a one-stop platform for agricultural importers to understand the risks to their supply chain and get ahead of their competitors. The AI platform will eventually predict supply availability ahead of a company’s competitors and find alternative suppliers before they do. It identifies climate and economic risks to yields and works with supply chain partners to mitigate them before it’s too late. The AI will also provide actionable input into the negotiation process with insights and access to billions of data points. Existing customers are seeing good results so far. William Hovis, who used to be with Coca-Cola, says when suppliers missed deliveries, the company was missing sales. “Helios provides companies with actionable insights to help them get ahead of competitors.” *********************************************************************************** Bill to Support Cutting-Edge Agricultural Research Senators Michael Bennet (D-CO) and Roger Marshall (R-Kan.) introduced the Advancing Cutting Edge Agriculture Act to support high-risk, high-reward agricultural research and development at USDA. The sponsors say the act will help “secure America’s food supply” and give farmers and ranchers the tools to meet the challenges of the 21st century. “Now more than ever, Americans have seen how vulnerable the nation’s food system can be,” Marshall says. “Targeting the many risks our food system faces through research will ensure that the U.S. continues to provide a safe, secure food supply for a growing world population.” Bennet also notes that family farmers and ranchers face persistent drought, higher costs, extreme weather, and increased global competition, saying, “That makes it more important than ever to invest in cutting-edge research to spur agricultural breakthroughs, including practices to conserve water and cut greenhouse gas emissions.” Companion legislation will be introduced into the House. *********************************************************************************** 2023 Power of Meat Research Released at Annual Meat Conference Last week at the Annual Meat Conference, research from the latest Power of Meat Study showed consumers’ meat usage, attitudes, and trends. The report says 2022 meat sales rose 5.7 percent versus 2021, and almost 87 percent of all home-prepared dinners featured meat or poultry. Also, more than 98 percent of shoppers make meat purchases. Inflation is becoming an issue for the entire meat industry. Consumers spent at least 25 percent more on food in 2022 than in 2019. Economic conditions are prompting 76 percent of Americans to change what groceries they purchase. The POM report says 50 percent of meat eaters purchase meat and poultry for use over the next few days after the sale. Price plays a much more important role among younger meat eaters, while Boomers emphasize quality and appearance. The total package price rose in importance during prior years, but shoppers emphasize value as quality going hand-in-hand with the price.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday March 17, 2023 |

Friday Watch List Markets The Federal Reserve's report on U.S. industrial production is set for 8:15 a.m. CDT Friday, followed by the Conference Board's U.S. index of leading indicators and the University of Michigan's U.S. index of consumer sentiment, both due out at 9 a.m. In addition to monitoring weather and the latest bank news, traders will also pause at 8 a.m. to see if USDA might have a fourth consecutive export sale announcement. USDA's cattle on-feed report for March 1 will be out at 2 p.m. Weather A storm system that brought widespread precipitation to the middle of the country Thursday continues across the East and South on Friday. Most of this will be rain but colder air filtering in behind the system will lead to some areas of snow and lake-effect in the Great Lakes. Colder temperatures down in the Plains may be damaging to more-advanced wheat. Some breezy conditions will continue across the Midwest as well.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday March 16, 2023 |

Surface Transportation Board Approves CP, KCS Merger The Surface Transportation Board Wednesday approved the Kansas City Southern Railway Company acquisition by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, with conditions. The decision includes an unprecedented seven-year oversight period and contains many conditions designed to mitigate environmental impacts, preserve competition, protect railroad workers, and promote efficient passenger rail. The Board also anticipates the merger will result in improvements in safety and the reduction of carbon emissions. The companies filed a merger application in October of 2021 with the Surface Transportation Board. The combination of the two railroads, known as Canadian Pacific Kansas City, will create the first railroad providing single-line service spanning Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Yet, the merged company will continue to be the smallest Class I railroad, with a network that is a few thousand route miles shorter than the next smallest Class I and half the size of the Western railroads. *********************************************************************************** Mexico Voices Concern over Product of US Label Mexico’s Agriculture Ministry recently voiced concerns regarding the proposed voluntary “Product of USA” label effort. Announced by Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack last week, the label claim would be used on meat, poultry and egg products only when derived from animals born, raised, slaughtered and processed in the United States. Mexico's Agriculture Ministry claims the proposal, "even when it is a voluntary claim, could have implications for discriminating against Mexican exports of live animals and meat products." Mexico is the second largest supplier of beef and beef products to the U.S., representing 24 percent of total U.S. imports. Congress repealed mandatory Country of Origin Labeling for meat products in 2016, after the World Trade Organization approved trade retaliations by Canada and Mexico over the issue. USDA says petitions, thousands of stakeholder comments, and data support its proposal. A comprehensive review in 2021 by USDA “shows there is a clear need to revise” the “Product of USA” label claim. *********************************************************************************** Bipartisan Bill Introduced to Provide Clean Drinking Water for Rural Americans Senators Tommy Baldwin and Susan Collins Wednesday introduced the bipartisan Healthy Drinking Water Affordability Act, or The Healthy H2O Act. Baldwin, a Wisconsin Democrat and Collins, a Maine Republican, say the bill will provide water testing and treatment technology grants directly to individuals and non-profits in rural communities. Currently, nearly 43 million households, primarily in rural communities, rely exclusively on groundwater delivered through private wells for their drinking water. These sources are not subject to the same oversight and testing for contamination of public water sources. Water quality improvement systems installed at the faucet or within a building can provide immediate and ongoing protection from known and emerging water contaminants, like PFAS, lead and nitrates. The bill follows a proposal to create standards for PFAS chemicals in drinking water Tuesday by the Environmental Protection Agency. The legislation would allow the Department of Agriculture to provide grants for testing and removing contaminants from drinking water. *********************************************************************************** Fertilizer Institute Welcomes Lower Energy Costs Act President of The Fertilizer Institute, Corey Rosenbusch, this week welcomed the introduction of the Lower Energy Costs Act. TFI says the legislation will provide a streamlined and simplified permitting process for hard rock mining, including phosphate and potash mining. Rosenbusch says, “Delays are measured in years and in the millions of dollars, with those paying the price being consumers who are already struggling with the rising costs of everyday goods.” The delays Rosenbusch referenced include a permit to mine phosphate in Florida that took nearly ten years and tens of millions of dollars in expert fees, studies, legal analysis, and legal fees, and a mining expansion permit for an existing mine that has been in limbo for over 12 years at a cost of over $25 million that has yet to be approved. The fertilizer industry is asking Congress for a reliable and predictable permitting process to ensure mining projects have a clear path toward compliance and approval. *********************************************************************************** Bills Providing Permanent E15 Fix Introduced in House and Senate The National Corn Growers Association this week applauded legislation that would provide permanent, nationwide market access for E15, often marketed as Unleaded 88. NCGA reports 35 bipartisan Senate and House members introduced the Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act. NCGA President Tom Haag says, "There's no reason for market access to a safe, clean and affordable fuel option to remain in question." Despite EPA approving E15 for use in all 2001 and newer vehicles, and a 2019 update to regulations, a 2021 court decision would have ended year-round market access to E15. Temporary action by the Biden administration allowed E15 sales last summer, but access is in question for 2023. The Environmental Protection Agency proposed implementing a plan from eight Midwest governors to require lower-volatility gasoline in their states to ensure year-round E15. However, EPA has proposed to delay implementation until 2024. NCGA encourages the Biden administration to again provide temporary access for the 2023 summer driving season. *********************************************************************************** Registration Open for World Pork Expo 2023 Registration for the 35th annual World Pork Expo opened this week. The 2023 World Pork Expo, organized by the National Pork Producers Council, will be held at the Iowa State Fairgrounds in Des Moines, Iowa, from June 7-9. This year marks a major milestone for the world’s largest pork-specific trade show. NPPC president Scott Hays says, “We’re looking forward to celebrating the Expo’s incredible legacy this year with an impressive schedule of events.” The 2023 World Pork Expo will feature three days of programming and educational seminars that showcase the pork industry's latest product and process innovations. Additionally, industry professionals will have networking opportunities to meet and connect. Registration is available online and includes entry to the World Pork Expo for all three days. Until June 1, discounted rates are available during pre-registration, including $10 per adult. On-site registration will be $20 per adult. Attendees can register to attend at WorldPork.org.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday March 16, 2023 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report is due out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Thursday, the same time as weekly U.S. jobless claims, February housing starts and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. The U.S. Energy Department's weekly report of natural gas storage is out at 9:30 a.m. After two days of corn export sales, traders will be watching to see if another export sale gets reported Thursday and will also have antenna up for any further bank problems. Weather A storm system is moving from the Central Plains to the western Midwest on Thursday. Scattered showers have already developed across South Dakota and Nebraska and will expand across more of the central states throughout the rest of the day. This is including a band of moderate to heavy snow from Nebraska to Lake Superior and potential for severe storms across the southeastern Plains, most notably along the Red River. Winds are also elevated and where it coincides with the snow, could create some blowing snow and visibility issues.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday March 15, 2023 |

Consumer Price Index Increases Again The Consumer Price Index rose 0.4 percent in February on a seasonally adjusted basis, after increasing 0.5 percent in January. Over the last 12 months, the all-items index increased 6.0 percent before seasonal adjustment. The food index increased 0.4 percent in February, and the food at home index rose 0.3 percent over the month. The index for nonalcoholic beverages increased 1.0 percent in February, after a 0.4-percent increase the previous month. The indexes for other food at home and for cereals and bakery products each rose 0.3 percent over the month. The index for fruits and vegetables increased 0.2 percent in February, and the index for dairy and related products rose 0.1 percent. In contrast, the meats, poultry, fish, and eggs index fell 0.1 percent over the month, the first decrease in that index since December 2021. The index for eggs fell 6.7 percent in February following sharp increases in recent months. *********************************************************************************** EPA Proposes PFAS Standards for Drinking Water The Environmental Protection Agency Tuesday proposed the first-ever national drinking water standard for PFAS chemicals. As part of EPA's PFAS Strategic Roadmap, the agency proposed to establish legally enforceable levels for six PFAS known to occur in drinking water. The proposal also initiates the distribution of $10 billion in funding to address emerging contaminants under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. EPA Administrator Michael Regan says the proposal "would help provide states with the guidance they need to make decisions that best protect their communities." If finalized, the proposed regulation will require public water systems to monitor for these chemicals. Senator Joe Manchin, a West Virginia Democrat, says, "Many farmers, producers and growers, at no fault of their own, have found alarmingly high levels of PFAS in their food products.” Last month, Manchin encouraged the Biden administration to provide funding to help farmers when they are forced to remove their products from the commercial market. *********************************************************************************** More Than 400 Organizations Voice Support for Existing Pesticide Law More than 400 organizations affirmed the support of the pesticide regulatory system under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, or FIFRA, in a letter to lawmakers this week. The letter is in response to recently introduced legislation that would undermine the science-based standards contained within our nation's pesticide law. This is the third time these organizations have contacted Congress to voice concern over similar proposed legislation. Crop Life America president and CEO Chris Novak says, "Any legislation seeking to ban individual chemistries and politicize the regulatory process undermines EPA's work and the long-standing laws that serve our nation well." Novak says the proposed legislation would jeopardize the continued availability and innovation of pesticide products by imposing an unscientific and unbalanced process. The proposal could unnecessarily remove pest control options from those who need them to safely grow crops, adopt conservation practices such as conservation tillage and resource-saving crop rotations. *********************************************************************************** USA Rice: India Violating WTO Commitments Data from the Department of Agriculture shows India will continue to dominate the world rice trade in the 2022/23 marketing year. USDA projects India will break its own world record with 22.5 million metric tons of rice exports. In May 2022, the U.S. government along with nine other governments initiated technical consultations with India regarding its trade-distorting rice subsidies. However, to date, the U.S. government has not taken formal action to address India's alleged World Trade Organization violations. Now, the USA Rice Federation is calling for a WTO trade dispute action. "India's policies not only violate their WTO commitments, but also impact the livelihoods of those that produce or consume rice across five other continents," according to Bobby Hanks, USA Rice International Trade Policy Committee chair. Hanks added, "We encourage the U.S. Trade Representative to initiate a dispute settlement action to help American farmers and our counterparts compete on a level playing field." *********************************************************************************** Researchers Aim to Reduce Pesticide Drift in the Lower Mississippi Delta Researchers with USDA's Agricultural Research Service in Mississippi are investigating the best ways of using hooded sprayers to combat drift. Pesticide drift occurs when droplets move through the air to another place other than the target area during or after pesticide application. The research finds using a hooded sprayer can reduce pesticide drift of pre-emergent herbicide applications by 63 percent, in comparison to a nonhooded sprayer. Hooded or shielded sprayers effectively minimized the exposure of herbicide spray to wind and led to fewer off-target depositions. While hooded sprayers have advantages, the presence of a physical shield can pose challenges during road transport or repairing nozzles when compared to conventional sprayers. If a farmer does not have access to a hooded sprayer or prefers to use a conventional sprayer, mitigating pesticide drift is still possible by avoiding high wind speed and high temperature during spraying. Researchers also found reduced drifting with a longer sprayer boom length during pre-emergent herbicide applications. *********************************************************************************** USMEF Announces Spring Conference Details The U.S. Meat Export Federation Tuesday announced the speaker lineup and registration details for its 2023 Spring Conference, set for May 24-26 in Minneapolis. The opening general session will feature USMEF's senior staff from the Asia Pacific region, who will discuss emerging issues in key Asian markets, including how the removal of many COVID restrictions could provide momentum for the region's foodservice sector. The following day, USMEF will examine the state of U.S.-Mexico trade relations. At the closing session, former House Agriculture Committee Chairman Collin Peterson – who oversaw development of four farm bills during his 30 years in Congress – will discuss the challenges lawmakers face as they work to craft an effective, pro-trade farm bill over the coming year. In addition to the general sessions, the Beef, Pork, Exporter and Feedgrain/Oilseed breakouts will provide in-depth discussions on topics relevant to each sector. More information, including registration details, are available on the USMEF website, USMEF.org.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday March 15, 2023 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets The U.S. Labor Department's producer price index for February will be out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Wednesday, the same time as a report on February U.S. retail sales. The U.S. Energy Department's weekly report of energy inventories is due out at 9:30 a.m., followed later Wednesday morning by February soybean crush estimates from the National Oilseeds Processors Association. Weather Colder temperatures settled into the southeastern states Wednesday morning, with widespread areas below freezing for the first time in a long time. Another storm system was working through the West, but outside of some breezy winds in the Southern Plains and some snow across the far Northern Plains, will be relatively quiet east of the Rockies today. That storm system in the West will bring more widespread precipitation through the Plains late Wednesday night and Thursday, heading eastward to close out the week.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday March 14, 2023 |

Canada Seeks Conversation With Mexico Regarding Biotech Crops Canada requested talks with Mexico regarding its decree banning biotech corn imports. The request came under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, just like the request from the United States. The U.S. formally requested technical consultations last week with Mexico regarding the issue, the first step towards a dispute resolution panel under USMCA. Canada is not a major exporter of corn to Mexico, but is concerned about Mexico putting prohibitions on agriculture biotech products, according to Bloomberg. Canada also raised concerns regarding Mexico’s lack of respect for trade regulations agreed to within USMCA. The updated decree by Mexico limits the import and use of biotech corn, including banning white corn exports immediately. Mexico’s economy ministry claims it will “demonstrate with data and evidence that there has not been an effect on trade” and that it has acted in accordance with the USMCA. The United States counters that the decree is not based on scientific evidence that biotech corn is safe. *********************************************************************************** AEM: Combine Sales Growth Continues Tractor unit sales in both the U.S. and Canada stay near their five-year average while combine harvesters in both countries continue triple-digit growth. The latest data from the Association of Equipment Manufacturers released Monday shows that overall U.S. ag tractor unit sales fell for the month of February, despite gains in the 100-plus horsepower and four-wheel-drive segments. Combine sales, however, put up another strong month, rising 165 percent year-over-year. Total farm tractor sales in the U.S. for the month fell 19.4 percent versus February 2022 and are down 17.2 percent year-to-date. In Canada, combine sales were hot again, growing 246.7 percent in February. Overall unit sales in tractors finished the month down 8.1 percent Year to date, tractors in Canada are down 0.5 percent, while combines are up 205.1 percent. AEM’s Curt Blades says, “On the tractor side, most of those losses are the result of overly hot sales of small units during the pandemic.” *********************************************************************************** Meat Plants employed Nearly 31% of US Food Workers in 2021 The latest federal data shows that in 2021, the U.S. food and beverage manufacturing sector employed 1.7 million people, or more than 1.1 percent of all U.S. nonfarm employment. Within the U.S. manufacturing sector, food and beverage manufacturing employees accounted for the largest share of employees, 15.4 percent. USDA’s Economic Research Service Monday announced the data, noting that these employees help to transform raw agricultural materials into food products for intermediate use or final consumption in thousands of food and beverage manufacturing plants located throughout the country. Manufacturing jobs include processing, inspecting, packing, janitorial and guard services, product development, and recordkeeping, as well as nonproduction duties such as sales, delivery, advertising, and clerical and routine office functions. In 2021, meat and poultry plants employed the largest share of food and beverage manufacturing workers at 30.6 percent, followed by bakeries at 14.7 percent, and beverage plants at 12.4 percent. *********************************************************************************** American Farmland Trust Awards Over $1 Million in Microgrants to Farmers For the first time, American Farmland Trust awarded more than $1 million in grants in a single year to 190 farmers across the country. The grants were from AFT’s Brighter Future Fund and the New England Farmer Microgrants Program. Both microgrants programs seek to improve farm viability, facilitate farm transfer and succession, help farmers access farmland, and work to permanently protect farmland for future generations. AFT makes grants to farmers and ranchers to advance AFT’s mission to protect farmland, promote sound farming practices and keep farmers on the land. The grants help drive new solutions for resolving key challenges facing society by increasing the resilience of farms to climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. AFT’s Ashley Brucker says, “we are helping farmers do things like convert a school bus to a mobile farmers market, access legal support for legacy planning and purchase firefighting equipment to cope with wildfires in a drought-stricken area.” *********************************************************************************** FFA Members Prepare for Careers in Animal Systems Pathways FFA members from across the country this spring traveled to Denver, Colorado, to explore careers in the animal systems industry. The 73 FFA members attended the Next Gen Conference, which began in 2020 and focuses on specific pathways, from animal systems to biotechnology systems. Through the event, members access new ideas, trends and opportunities that connect them directly with industry leaders to explore future career paths. The conference is designed specifically to give FFA members hands-on, industry-relevant experience. Members explored diverse animal operations around Denver and learned how to plan for their future careers. In addition, they learned about marketing, new technologies and unique opportunities in animal systems. An FFA spokesperson says the conference helps “cultivate future leaders in the animal systems pathway through a week of experiential learning, relevant education and networking.” The National FFA Organization is a school-based national youth leadership development organization of more than 850,000 student members. *********************************************************************************** Gas Prices Move Higher, Diesel Lower For the second straight week, the nation's average price of gasoline increased, up eight cents from a week ago to $3.44 per gallon. The national average is up 7.1 cents from a month ago but 87.7 cents per gallon lower than a year ago. The national average diesel price fell 4.1 cents in the last week and stands at $4.30 per gallon, 82.1 cents lower than one year ago. GasBuddy's Patrick De Haan says the diesel price "continues to slowly decline as we see consumption for diesel lighten up." Wholesale gasoline prices continue to increase at a rate typical for this time of year, with the transition to more expensive summer gasoline underway. The most common U.S. gas price encountered by motorists stood at $3.29 per gallon, up 30 cents from last week, while the most common U.S. diesel price stood at $3.99 per gallon, unchanged from last week.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday March 14, 2023 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets The U.S. Labor Department's consumer price index for February will be out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Tuesday, another factor in the Federal Reserve's interest rate decisions. Traders will pay attention to the latest weather forecasts and any export sales announcements that might come out. USDA's Livestock, Dairy and Poultry outlook is out at 2 p.m. March grain and oilseed futures contracts expire early Tuesday. Weather A ridge developing in the middle of the country Tuesday will keep conditions mostly dry, but a weak disturbance will provide a few isolated showers to areas of the Southern Plains. Over in the West, a strong area of low pressure will continue to provide portions of the Pacific Northwest and California with heavy rain and snow. This system will work into the Great Basin over the next 24 hours and eventually make it into the Plains by Thursday.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday March 13, 2023 |

Higher Interest Rates Slow the Growth in Farmland Values Farm real estate values increased considerably in 2022 but showed signs of softening during the final months of the year as interest rates rose sharply. Interest rates on farm loans jumped to decade highs alongside increases in the federal funds rate. The Kansas City Fed says while the value of most types of farmland continued to rise, the increase was the slowest since early 2021. Agricultural credit conditions remained strong in the fourth quarter and continued to be bolstered by broad strength in the farm economy throughout 2022. The outlook for agricultural credit conditions looking ahead to the rest of 2023 also remained generally positive, despite some ongoing concerns. Elevated commodity prices continued to support profit opportunities for many producers across the farm sector. However, there are persistent concerns about operating expenses, higher interest rates, and intense drought. Improvement in farm income and credit conditions has softened slightly in recent months. *********************************************************************************** USDA Investing $29 Million in More American-Made Fertilizer Production The USDA announced it received over 350 applications for $3 billion in funding to expand domestic fertilizer production capacity. The applications came from 47 states and two territories for the first two rounds of a new grant program to add innovative domestic fertilizer production capacity. USDA also announced the first $29 million in grant offers under the first round that focused on projects that can come online in the near term. The grants will help independent businesses produce more American-made fertilizer, which will spur competition, give U.S. farmers more choices and better prices, and reduce dependence on several unreliable foreign sources. “I know that increased costs for fertilizer and other inputs have put a strain on farmers and cut into the bottom line,” Vilsack says. “By expanding domestic fertilizer production, we can grow independent local businesses, bring production and jobs to rural communities, and support fairer prices for our farmers.” *********************************************************************************** Bioscience Groups Call For Action on Mexico’s Biotech Corn Ban The National Corn Growers Association and a broad coalition of national and state agriculture and bioscience organizations sent a letter to the White House on Mexico’s GMO corn ban. The groups thanked the Biden administration for beginning technical consultations with Mexico. “We support your request for a consultation with Mexico regarding its treatment of agricultural biotechnology and denying the use of certain crop protection tools to provide a framework and timeline to resolve this issue,” the 62 groups wrote. “We look forward to these consultations beginning promptly.” They also say Mexico’s GMO corn ban draws a non-science based distinction between corn for food and corn for feed and industrial uses and is inconsistent with USMCA obligations. The ag and biotechnology groups reiterated the importance of beginning the legal process to not only resolve the dispute with Mexico but also prevent other countries from following suit. “Send a strong signal on enforcement,” they added. *********************************************************************************** The March Oil Crops Outlook Lowers U.S. Soybean Ending Stocks The USDA’s March Oil Crops Outlook lowered U.S. seasonal ending soybean stocks for the 2022-2023 marketing year by 15 million bushels to a total of 210 million because of higher exports. Soybean exports are raised by 25 million bushels to 2.02 billion bushels, while crush volumes are reduced by 10 million bushels to 2.2 billion bushels. The 2022-2023 global soybean supply is reduced this month due to lower production in Argentina and Uruguay. Argentina’s soybean production is lowered by eight million metric tons to 33 million metric tons on a lower harvested area and yields hit hard by drought. World soybean consumption is down 5.3 million metric tons this month. Global ending stocks were lowered to 100 million metric tons. Through March 2, cumulative marketing year U.S. soybean export inspections surpassed 2021-2022 totals as inspections to China surged and increased for Mexico. February’s export inspections set a record thanks to Brazil’s slow harvest. *********************************************************************************** USDA Announces Cost-Share Assistance for Grain Storage Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack announced that producers in counties affected by eligible disaster events can apply for cost-share assistance through the Emergency Grain Storage Facility Assistance Program. Farmers in Kentucky, Minnesota, South Dakota, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, and Tennessee are eligible for the program. It provides cost-share assistance for constructing new grain storage capacity and drying and handling seeds in order to support the orderly marketing of commodities. “Weather events in 2021 and 2022 in several states caused catastrophic losses to grain storage facilities on family farms as well as large commercial grain elevators, leaving stored grain exposed to the elements and affecting storage and commodity marketing options for many producers,” Vilsack says. “This new program will provide cost-share assistance to help producers address their on-farm storage capacity needs that are necessary for marketing grain.” Eligible natural disasters occurred from December 1, 2021, to August 1, 2022. *********************************************************************************** NPPC Wants Beagle Brigade Act Passed Quickly The National Pork Producers Council applauded the reintroduction of the Beagle Brigade Act of 2023. This legislation would provide congressional authority to the USDA’s National Detector Dog Training Center, which is a vital program in training agricultural canine teams that work daily to prevent foreign animal and plant diseases from entering the U.S. “Safe and reliable food production is critical to the United States’ continued national and economic security,” says Terry Wolters, NPPC President. “As African Swine Fever continues to plague the Dominican Republic and Haiti, strengthening early detection capabilities at our U.S. borders is more important than ever.” The “Beagle Brigade” serves as the first line of defense for early detection at the nation’s ports of entry and is critical for keeping foreign animal diseases out of the country. NPPC led more than 50 agricultural and other organizations in supporting the Beagle Brigade Act’s reintroduction and urges Congress to pass it.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday March 13, 2023 |

Top 5 Things to Watch - Commodity Classic Coverage, Livestock Numbers, Cooler Temps This Week OMAHA (DTN) -- Here are the Top 5 things the DTN Newsroom is tracking for the week of March 12. Watch for coverage of these and other topics throughout the week on our subscription platforms as well as on DTNPF.com. 1. New equipment coming: Progressive Farmer Senior Editor Dan Miller, who covers the machinery world for us, is expecting continued announcements from some of the major equipment companies. If we say more, then this screen will self-destruct. Watch for continued new-product announcements. 2. Latest livestock numbers: Wednesday we'll have the latest Call the Market column from DTN Livestock Analyst ShayLe Stewart. And Friday is the release of the latest Cattle on Feed report. Watch for Stewart's commentary on that. 3. More news from Orlando: The DTN Crops Team -- Crops Technology Editor Pamela Smith and Crops Editor Jason Jenkins -- will have more wrap-up news on the latest crop products and new ideas from the Commodity Classic last week. Watch for those pieces throughout the week; there was a lot happening in Mickeyville. 4. Cool weather running: With last week's ridge moving up and out to the Atlantic, DTN Ag Meteorologist John Baranick expects another cold front to sweep south. The void will also pull in Pacific air, moderating the expected drop in temperatures. Readers in the West, Northern Plains, and Canadian Prairies will see lower temperatures early in the week, with the moderation not hitting there until late in the week. Baranick reminds us that "below normal" temps do not carry the same bite as we hit mid-March as they did when these roller-coaster patterns kicked off in January. 5. A disaster remembered: Speaking of weather, we'll have a revisit of the infamous "bomb cyclone," which four years ago this week brought flooding, destruction and death to South Dakota, Nebraska, and parts of Iowa, Kansas and Missouri. Our Staff Reporter Russ Quinn, who farms north of Omaha, lived through it and then reported on it in real-time. See his feature full of remembrances and follow-ups.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday March 13, 2023 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend with one hour of less sleep, traders will check the latest weather forecasts and pause at 8 a.m. CDT to see if USDA has an export sale to report. The only significant report of the day will be USDA's weekly report of grain export inspections, due out at 10 a.m. Weather High pressure will build across the middle of the country Monday, offering a break in precipitation. A ridge will continue to develop across the West Monday, which will allow for dry conditions to continue through Tuesday for much of the Central U.S.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday March 10, 2023 |

Pork Exports Start 2023 Quickly America’s pork exports finished strong in 2022 and kept going into January. January pork exports were 236,767 metric tons, up 13 percent year-over-year, and export value rose 16 percent to $634 million. Exports to Mexico set a record in 2022 and hit another record in January. Pork exports also were significantly higher in China/Hong Kong, Japan, Canada, and other locations. “While Mexico leads the way, it’s encouraging to see broad-based growth,” says U.S. Meat Export Federation President and CEO Dan Halstrom. “Market diversification is always a big point of emphasis.” Beef exports slowed late in 2022, and that carried into January, when exports fell 15 percent to 100,942 metric tons. The value dropped 32 percent to just over $702 million. While beef exports declined to several major destinations, shipments increased sharply to Mexico, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines, and Africa. “We expect post-COVID foodservice demand to rise this year,” Halstrom says. *********************************************************************************** Farm Bureau Signs MOU on Right to Repair The American Farm Bureau Federation and CNH Industrial brands Case IH and New Holland signed a memorandum of understanding, allowing farmers and ranchers to repair their equipment. The MOU follows a similar agreement Farm Bureau signed with John Deere earlier this year. “Farmers and ranchers are more dependent on technology than ever before,” says Farm Bureau President Zippy Duvall, “so it’s critical they have access to the tools to keep things running on the farm, so the food supply chain keeps running too.” The MOU sets a framework for farmers and independent repair facilities in all 50 states and Puerto Rico to access CNH Industrial brand manuals, tools, product guides, and information to self-diagnose and self-repair machines. The MOU respects intellectual property rights and recognizes the need for safety controls and emission systems don’t get altered. CNH and AFBF will meet semiannually to review the agreement to address any concerns. *********************************************************************************** Bipartisan Reps Reintroduce DAIRY PRIDE Act in the House Representatives from Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Idaho, and Connecticut introduced the bipartisan DAIRY PRIDE Act. The legislation will prevent non-dairy products from using a dairy label and misaligning nutrient-scant products with the nutritious dairy products produced by American farmers. “Milk comes from a mammal, and it’s that simple,” says Wisconsin Rep Derrick Van Orden, one of the bill’s sponsors. “The nutritional value of whole milk for child development and as an integral part of a healthy diet can’t be overstated.” The Act will require products derived from seeds, plants, algae, and nuts to no longer get mislabeled with milk terms like milk, yogurt, and cheese. Plant-based products have completely different nutritional values, and the Reps say allowing these products to disguise themselves as otherwise is unacceptable to farming communities and the families they feed. The DAIRY PRIDE Act has broad support from a large number of agricultural organizations across the nation. *********************************************************************************** Cattle Inventories Drop in the U.S. and Canada The U.S. Department of Agriculture says all cattle and calves in the U.S. and Canada combined totaled 101 million head on January 1, 2023, down three percent from January 1 of last year. All cows and heifers that have calved inventory totaled 42.9 million head, three percent lower than last year. All cattle and calves in the U.S. as of January 1 totaled 89.3 million head, down three percent from 92.1 million last January 1. All U.S. cows and heifers that have calved were 38.3 million head, down three percent from last year. All cattle and calves in Canada were at 11.3 million head on January 1, down two percent from the 11.5 million head on January 1, 2022. All cows and heifers that have calved inventory was 4.53 million head, two percent lower than last year. All sheep and lambs in the U.S. and Canada totaled 5.87 million head on January 1. *********************************************************************************** NCBA Welcomes Black Vulture Relief Act The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association applauded the Black Vulture Relief Act, introduced by Representatives John Rose (R-TN) and Darren Soto (D-FL). “Cattle producers across the country are coping with extreme input costs and the worst inflation rate in 40 years,” says NCBA Government Affairs Director Sigrid Johannes. “Livestock deaths due to black vultures are a financial loss that no one can afford right now.” The bill would allow cattle producers to “take” (capture, kill, disperse, or transport) black vultures that pose a risk to livestock. The bill also reduces permitting burdens and red tape by instituting a simple report that producers submit once a year detailing the number of black vultures they took. Black Vulture depredation rates have recently increased in the Southeast U.S., surpassing 30 percent in some states like Florida. “The Florida Cattlemen’s Association appreciates this commonsense bill,” says Jim Handley, executive vice president of the association. *********************************************************************************** USSEC Seats New Board of Directors The U.S. Soybean Exports Council chose its 2023-2024 Board of Directors during the organization’s annual meeting prior to the Commodity Classic. The board is made up of 15 members representing various stakeholders from the U.S. soy industry. Four members are from the American Soybean Association, four are from the United Soybean Board, and seven represent trade, industry, and state organizations. “The unique composition of USSEC’s board provides us with exemplary leadership with representation from across the U.S. Soy industry,” says Jim Sutter, USSEC CEO. Stan Born, an ASA director and soybean farmer from Illinois, was elected as USSEC chair for a 12-month term. “I’m honored to have the trust and confidence of the USSEC board to serve as chair,” Born says. “As members of the soy value chain, we are fortunate to have such a strong global team representing our industry in markets around the world.” Lance Rezac was elected vice-chair.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday March 10, 2023 |

Friday Watch List Markets The U.S. Labor Department's will have nonfarm payrolls for February and the unemployment report out at 7:30 a.m. CST Friday morning, numbers of great interest to Fed-watchers. Traders will keep an eye on the latest weather forecasts and watch for any export sale announcement. The U.S. Treasury will report on the February federal budget at 1 p.m. Weather A storm system leaving the Plains will provide scattered snow showers to the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley Friday with areas of heavy rain across the Tennessee Valley and Southeast. Another storm system continues moving east across the West with more heavy precipitation for that region. This system will be the next storm system in the active pattern for the rest of the country over the weekend.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday March 9, 2023 |

Milk-Pricing Proposal Moves Ahead The National Milk Producers Federation’s Board of Directors unanimously endorsed a proposal to modernize the Federal Milk Marketing Order system at its March meeting. The Federation says the move caps more than two years of discussion and more than 130 meetings on different aspects of the proposal. The plan to reinvigorate the FMMO system that guides milk pricing reflects an industry that’s evolved significantly since the last comprehensive revamp in 2000. “We’re moving forward on a comprehensive FMMO proposal the entire industry can get behind,” says Randy Mooney, chair of the NMPF’s Board of Directors. The proposal includes several changes to the FMMO System, including returning to the “higher-of” Class 1 mover. The federation also proposes discontinuing the use of barrel cheese in the protein component price formula. They also want a new process to ensure make-allowances are reviewed more frequently by requiring USDA to conduct plant-cost studies every two years. *********************************************************************************** March WASDE Lower Corn Export Demand The USDA World Agriculture Supply and Demand Estimates for 2022-2023 U.S. corn calls for lower exports and larger ending stocks. Exports are reduced by 75 million bushels to reflect the poor pace of sales and shipments this year despite relatively competitive U.S. prices. With no other changes from February, ending stocks rose by 75 million bushels. The season-average corn price dropped a dime to $6.60 a bushel. Soybean supply and use changes for 2022-2023 include higher exports, lower crush, and reduced ending stocks compared with February. Exports are up by 25 million to 2.02 billion bushels based on higher-than-expected shipments through February. As higher exports more than offset lower crush, ending stocks dropped 15 million bushels to 210 million, which would be the lowest in seven years. The season-average soybean price is unchanged at $14.30. The 2022-2023 U.S. wheat supply and demand outlook is unchanged from February. The season-average price is $9. *********************************************************************************** USDA Celebrates First National Biobased Products Day USDA celebrated the first National Biobased Products Day on Wednesday to highlight the accomplishments of people and organizations working to improve sustainability. “By setting aside March 8 as National Biobased Products Day, we honor the 20 years of progress the BioPreferred Program has achieved,” says USDA Rural Development Undersecretary Xochitl (so-CHEEL) Torres Small. Congress created the U.S. BioPreferred Program in the 2002 Farm Bill. The program is the federal government’s official advocate and market accelerator for biobased products. USDA congratulated the four winners of the BioPreferred Program’s “Excellence in Procurement Award” in 2022 for their respective agencies” environmental impact by using biobased products and championing farmers in rural America. Winners include the Department of Energy’s Y-12 National Security Complex in Tennessee, Christina Graves of the Forest Service, Brian McCabe of the National Park Service, and Brooke Siegel with the FBI. To learn more about the BioPreferred Program, go to biopreferred.gov. *********************************************************************************** Stockmanship and Stewardship Event Registration is Open Registration is now open for the six Stockmanship and Stewardship regional events that take place in five states this spring and summer, with an additional virtual event in November. During each event, producers can become Beef Quality Assurance certified, network with fellow cattlemen and women, participate in hands-on demonstrations led by animal handling experts, and learn cutting-edge operation techniques. A previous Stockmanship and Stewardship attendee shared, “While I have had experience in most of the topics covered, it was great to hear the speakers talk and give a good overview of industry practices. It was a great event and one that I encourage others to attend.” The event features low-stress handling demonstrations, BQA educational sessions, facility design sessions, and industry updates. The program is sponsored by the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, Merck Animal Health, and the Beef Checkoff-funded National Beef Quality Assurance program. For more information or to register, go to StockmanshipAndStewardship.org. *********************************************************************************** Producers Respond to New H-2A Wage Rule The U.S. Department of Labor recently announced a final rule to amend H-2A temporary labor certification regulations to better protect agricultural workers. It’s also designed to update the H-2A application and temporary labor certification process. Not everyone in agriculture is happy with the rule. Western Growers Association President and CEO Dave Puglia (POO-glee-ah) says America’s farmers are already stretched to the limit by rising costs and shrinking margins. “With economic blinders on, the administration will now mandate that farmers pay higher wages to H-2A workers and domestic workers in corresponding employment,” he says. “Increasing wages by regulatory order will force farmers to cut back on U.S. plantings and increase their farm operations in Mexico and other countries where the wages are a fraction of the H-2A wage.” He also says while no one wants that to happen, these are entirely foreseeable consequences of “economically myopic” decisions like this. For more information, go to wga.com. *********************************************************************************** Midwest Attorneys General to Sue EPA Over Delayed E15 Rule The Attorneys General from Nebraska and Iowa have notified Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Michael Regan of their intent to file suit over year-round E15. The filing comes after the agency delayed rulemaking on year-round E15 sales in eight Midwestern states. The EPA took over 300 days to issue a proposed rule despite a Clean Air Act requirement to act within 90 days. Iowa attorney general Brenna Bird says EPA needs to follow the law and make E15 gasoline available year-round. “With record-high gas prices, consumers deserve relief when paying at the pump,” Bird says. “The EPA’s failure to respond on time not only deprives hard-working people of a cheaper, cleaner option, it’s also a violation of the Clean Air Act.” The EPA approved the rule for year-round E15 sales in those states but delayed implementation until 2024. The attorneys also called on the agency to issue an emergency waiver for 2023.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday March 9, 2023 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales will be out at 7:30 a.m. CST Thursday, the same time as weekly U.S. jobless claims and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. The U.S. Energy Department's weekly report of natural gas storage follows at 9:30 a.m. Traders will keep watch over the latest weather forecasts and any export sales announcement that might occur. Weather A storm system leaving the Rockies will increase precipitation across the Plains and Midwest on Thursday, spreading farther east overnight. Moderate to heavy snowfall amounts are expected out of this storm from Wyoming to Michigan. Another storm system is moving into the West with more heavy precipitation for that region, and the next storm system in the active pattern for the rest of the country over the weekend.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday March 8, 2023 |

Farmer Sentiment Drops in February The Purdue University/CME Group Ag Economy Barometer dropped five points to 125 in February. Farmers’ perspectives regarding both current conditions on their farms and their expectations for the future also weakened during the month. The Index of Current Conditions dipped two points to 134, and the Index of Future Expectations declined six points to 121. Several factors are weighing on producers’ minds, including the risk of falling commodity prices, rising interest rates, and uncertainty over the future growth of agricultural exports. The Farm Financial Performance Index dropped seven points to a reading of 86. Despite strong farm income, the February reading of the Farm Capital Investment Index didn’t change much, rising one point to a reading of 43. This month, 72 percent of producers said it’s a bad time to make large investments in their farming operation, while just 15 percent said it’s the right time to make those investments. *********************************************************************************** USDA’s Simplified Direction Loan Application Now Available A new, simplified direct loan application is now available for all producers seeking a direct farm loan from the Farm Service Agency. The new application went from 29 to 13 pages to provide an improved customer experience for producers applying for loans and enables them to complete a more streamlined application. Producers also have the option to complete an electronic fillable form or prepare a traditional paper application for submission to their local FSA farm loan office. Coupled with the Loan Assistance Tool released in October 2022, the simplified application will provide all loan applicants access to information regarding the application process and assist them with gathering the correct documents before they begin the process. This will help farmers and ranchers submit complete applications and reduce the number of incomplete, rejected, or withdrawn applications. Producers can explore all available options on all FSA loans at fsa.usda.gov or contact their local Service Center. *********************************************************************************** CropLife America Applauds USTR Actions CropLife America applauds the U.S. Trade Representative’s Office for requesting formal technical consultations with the Mexican government under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada agreement. The goal of the consultation is to address a long-standing agricultural technology trade issue. This announcement enforces Mexico’s trade commitments made in the USMCA and addresses concerns voiced by many in the U.S. ag community, including CLA, regarding the decree’s impact on biotechnology traits and pesticides in Mexico. The organization has maintained that Mexico’s regulatory actions regarding biotechnology ignore science- and risk-based regulations and the scientific weight of evidence from regulatory bodies around the world. CLA shares USTR’s concerns and is encouraged by the USTR’s focus on the need for a science-based regulatory approach. “We support the administration’s enforcement of a rules-based trading system for agricultural innovation and encourage USTR to also address regulatory delays and barriers that are impacting pesticide registrations in Mexico,” CLA said in a release. *********************************************************************************** Upper Missouri River Basin Runoff Forecast Below Average The updated 2023 calendar year runoff forecast for the Missouri River Basin above Sioux City, Iowa, continues to be below average. “Despite some improvements in overall basin conditions, we expect 2023 runoff to remain below average,” says John Remus, chief of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Missouri River Basin Water Management Division. “Soil moisture has improved slightly in some areas, but drought conditions still exist across most of the basin.” The 2023 calendar year runoff forecast above Sioux City is 21.5 million acre-feet, 84 percent of the average. The runoff forecast is based on current soil moisture conditions, plains snowpack, mountain snowpack, and long-term precipitation and temperature outlooks. February runoff in the Missouri River Basin above Sioux City was one million acre-feet, 86 percent of a typical year. System storage is currently 46 million acre-feet, 10.1 million below the top of the carryover multiple-use zone. *********************************************************************************** Undersecretary to Lead Trade Mission to Panama USDA Undersecretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Alexis Taylor will lead a delegation of 26 agribusinesses and farm organizations to Panama City, Panama, March 19-23. The mission highlights opportunities in Panama and throughout the Central America and Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) region. Exports of agricultural products to Panama and CAFTA-DR countries reached a record of $8.8 billion in 2022, up 57 percent from 2018. “I’m excited that my first USDA trade mission is targeting Panama and our CAFTA-DR partners,” Taylor says. “The region provides great potential to the U.S. agriculture sector as consumers across the area clamor for the world-class agricultural and food products grown here in America.” In Panama City, trade mission participants will engage directly with potential buyers, receive in-depth marketing briefings from the Foreign Agricultural Service and industry trade experts, and participate in site visits. “I look forward to connecting buyers and sellers,” Taylor says. *********************************************************************************** NAMI says USDA Label Proposal Will Raise Prices for Consumers The North American Meat Institute says the USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service’s latest attempt at proposed rules for a “Product of the USA” label for meat products will not succeed. The organization says labeling meat products will result in trade retaliation from Canada and Mexico, costing American consumers and businesses billions of dollars. “USDA should have considered more than public sentiment on an issue that impacts international trade,” says NAMI President and CEO Julie Anna Potts. “Our members make considerable investments to produce beef, pork, lamb, veal, and poultry products in American facilities and employ hundreds of thousands of U.S. workers.” That means NAMI products should labeled as a “Product of the USA.” At issue is a proposed rule from the Food Safety and Inspection Service that would limit “Product of the USA” claims to just products made from livestock born, raised, harvested, and processed in the continental U.S.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday March 8, 2023 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets On Wednesday, Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell returns to Congress for a second day, typically repeating what he said Tuesday. The U.S. Commerce Department will have its report of the January U.S. trade deficit at 7:30 a.m. CST, followed by the Energy Department's weekly inventory report at 9:30 a.m. USDA's WASDE and Crop Production reports are at 11 a.m. and the Federal Reserve's Beige Book is at 1 p.m. Weather A wave of loosely organized showers was moving through the middle of the country from Minnesota to northeast Texas early Wednesday morning. Showers in this area will wane throughout the day, though thunderstorms are likely to develop over northern Texas later in the day. A system in the Rockies will start to exit into the Plains Wednesday night where showers will increase in dramatic fashion going into Thursday.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday March 7, 2023 |

USTR Requests Consultations With Mexico, Vilsack Responds The U.S. Trade Representative’s Office Monday requested technical consultations with the Government of Mexico under the U.S.–Mexico–Canada Agreement. The consultations, as part of the USMCA Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Chapter, are aimed at Mexico’s ban on genetically modified corn. Trade Representative Katherine Tai says, “Mexico’s policies threaten to disrupt billions of dollars in agricultural trade and they will stifle the innovation that is necessary to tackle the climate crisis and food security challenges if left unaddressed.” Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack responded, “These consultations represent the next step in addressing the United States’ concerns with Mexico’s biotechnology policies,” while adding, “We remain firm in our view that Mexico’s current biotechnology trajectory is not grounded in science, which is the foundation of USMCA.” The U.S. government’s intention is that through the consultation process, USTR can reach an outcome that respects each country’s sovereignty and benefits the United States, Mexico, and U.S. agricultural producers and stakeholders. *********************************************************************************** NCGA: USTR Request a Step Closer to USMCA Dispute Panel The request for technical consultation with Mexico by the U.S. Trade Representative’s Office puts the U.S. one step away from a full dispute settlement under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement. The National Corn Growers Association and affiliated state associations have been leading calls for the Biden administration to act, applauded the development and urged USTR to expedite the process. NCGA President Tom Haag says, "Mexico's position on biotech corn is already creating uncertainty, so we need U.S. officials to move swiftly and do everything it takes to eliminate this trade barrier." A technical consultation will bring leaders from both countries into formal discussions. If this step does not resolve the stalemate, the U.S. can then initiate a dispute settlement under USMCA. Once a dispute settlement is filed, a group of experts are empaneled to hear the case and make final determinations based on the commitments both parties signed as part of the free trade agreement. *********************************************************************************** USDA Proposes New Requirements for the “Product of USA” Label The Department of Agriculture Monday released a proposed rule with new regulatory requirements to the voluntary “Product of USA” label claim. The proposed rule allows the voluntary “Product of USA” or “Made in the USA” label claim to be used on meat, poultry and egg products only when they are derived from animals born, raised, slaughtered and processed in the United States. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack says, “These proposed changes are intended to provide consumers with accurate information to make informed purchasing decisions.” Vilsack announced the proposal at the National Farmers Union annual convention in San Francisco. NFU President Rob Larew says, “This voluntary effort is a strong step and a strong base for permanent and mandatory country of origin label soon.” However, the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association responded, “Simply adding born, raised, and harvested requirements to an already broken label will fail to deliver additional value to cattle producers and it will undercut true voluntary, market-driven labels that benefit cattle producers.” *********************************************************************************** Vilsack Announces New Independent Processors Funding Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack Monday announced an $89 million investment to finance the startup and expansion of independent meat processors. USDA also announced the department's initial steps to create a more competitive marketplace for seeds and other agricultural inputs. Vilsack says the investment "will promote competition, support producer income, strengthen the supply chain, and increase economic opportunity in rural communities." USDA is providing $89 million in grants under the Meat and Poultry Intermediary Lending Program to increase available financing for independent processors, alleviate bottlenecks, and create opportunities for small businesses and entrepreneurs in rural communities. The investments are being made under the second round of the program. Nonprofit lenders in seven states will use the funding to establish revolving loan funds to finance the startup, expansion and operation of meat and poultry processors. USDA is making the investments in Alabama, Georgia, Maine, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma and South Dakota. *********************************************************************************** Farm Bureau Analysis: 2022 Crop Losses Top $21 Billion The American Farm Bureau Federation estimates 2022 crop losses due to weather and climate change at more than $21.4 billion. The AFBF Market Intel analysis shows in 2022, 18 weather and climate disasters, each with damages exceeding $1 billion struck the United States. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reported that 2022 surpassed 2021 as the third-costliest disaster year event in history, with an estimated $165 billion in total economic losses. In 2022, Texas suffered the most significant hit, with over $6.4 billion in incurred losses primarily made up of $2.9 billion in damages to cotton. More than half of the agricultural losses were effectively protected under existing risk management programs with the remainder highlighting the importance of inclusive protections for growers of all crops in all regions of the nation. AFBF crop loss estimates do not include infrastructure damage, livestock losses, horticulture crop losses or timber losses associated with the selected weather events. *********************************************************************************** Farm Bureau Helps Fight Hunger Through Harvest for All Program Farm families from across the nation donated 25.3 million pounds of food and raised more than $1 million to help fight hunger in 2022 through Farm Bureau's "Harvest for All" program. Combined, the monetary and food donations totaled the equivalent of 31.1 million meals. Criteria for tracking Harvest for All donations included dollars and pounds of food donated by state and county Farm Bureaus, as well as volunteer hours. In addition to raising food and funds, farmers and ranchers tallied 13,827 volunteer hours assisting local hunger groups in 2022. Florida Farm Bureau took top honors for donating the most food in 2022, 18.7 million pounds, and the most volunteer hours at 6,400. Michigan Farm Bureau took top honors for raising the most money in 2022, $372,716. Since Harvest for All was launched, Farm Bureau families have gathered 437 million pounds of food, logged more than 237,000 volunteer hours and raised more than $11 million in donations.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday March 7, 2023 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets On Tuesday, Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell addresses Congress and will likely repeat the need for further rate hikes to bring inflation down to the Fed's 2% target level. Traders will check the latest weather forecasts and may pay attention for a possible export sale announcement at 8 a.m. CST, having faith restored by Monday's corn sale. Weather A broad ridge across the West is extending far enough into the Rockies to produce showers in the Plains on Tuesday. Thunderstorms across the Southern Plains could be a bit stronger along the Red River, though chances there are low. Moderate snows are expected across the Northern Plains.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday March 6, 2023 |

Food Prices Drop for 11th Straight Month Global food costs moved lower again for the 11th consecutive month. The Financial Post says while consumers are still spending more for food, prices are at their lowest level in the last 17 months. The UN Food and Agricultural Organization’s Food Price Index dropped 0.6 percent in February, the longest string of lower food prices in 30 years. The index averaged 129.8 points last month, dropping from 130.6 in January. Last month’s drop was driven primarily by cooking oils and dairy. The overall index is down 19 percent from a record set last year when Russia’s invasion of Ukraine disrupted grain exports around the world. The FAO says sugar prices rose last month, while meat and grains were almost identical to the previous month. The Vegetable Oil Price Index dropped almost five points to 135.9 in February, while the dairy index was down 3.6 points, or 2.7 percent, to 131.3. *********************************************************************************** Dairy Coalition Applauds Court Decision on “Gruyere” The National Milk Producers Federation, the U.S. Dairy Export Council, and other industry stakeholders prevailed in their battle to protect generic names in the U.S. The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld prior court decisions finding the term “gruyere” (groo-YAYR) is a generic term for a type of cheese. The decision should end attempts by Swiss and French groups to take away a common food name through a U.S. certification mark registration. The court said when people enter stores and ask for gruyere, they mean a type of cheese, not a cheese produced in the Gruyere regions of Switzerland and France. The Fourth Circuit found the evidence of that to be so one-sided that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact, and opposers must prevail as a matter of law. The decision reinforces that generic terms like “gruyere” refer to types of food, regardless of where it’s produced. *********************************************************************************** Ag Safety Awareness Week: “Lead the Way in Agriculture” The Agricultural Safety Awareness Week Program is this week, March 6-10. U.S. Agricultural Safety and Health Centers will join Farm Bureaus across the country to promote ag safety this week with the theme of “Lead the Way in Agriculture.” Each day has a different focus, beginning on Monday with Mental Health. Preventative Health Care, Safety Culture, Situational Awareness, and Temperature-Related Safety will be the focus Tuesday-Friday, respectively. “Keeping everyone safe on America’s farms and ranches is so important,” says American Farm Bureau President Zippy Duvall. “We encourage farmers and ranchers to take the time to make safety a priority during this week and throughout the year.” The Agricultural Safety and Awareness Program is part of the Farm Bureau Health and Safety Network of professionals who share an interest in decreasing safety and health risks. Visit the Center’s YouTube channel for new content and fresh ideas about how to stay safe year-round. *********************************************************************************** Vilsack to Keynote Commodity Classic Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack will be the keynote speaker during the General Session at the 2023 Commodity Classic this Tuesday through Saturday in Orlando, Florida. The General Session is this Friday, March 10. The General Session will also include the leaders of the five associations that present the Commodity Classic, including the American Soybean Association, National Corn Growers Association, National Association of Wheat Growers, National Sorghum Producers, and the Association of Equipment Manufacturers. Education is a big focus at Commodity Classic. The event offers Learning Centers, What’s New, and other educational sessions, along with additional opportunities for education and events at the Commodity Classic Main Stage. The Classic also features a large three-day trade show, entertainment, and the opportunity to network with thousands of America’s farmers and agriculture industry professionals. Established in 1996, Commodity Classic is the largest farmer-owned, farmer-run trade show event. For more information or to register, go to commodityclassic.com. *********************************************************************************** 2022 was the Third-Costliest Disaster Year in History 2022 will go into the books as the third-costliest year for weather disasters in U.S. history. The estimated total economic losses reached $165 billion. New analysis by American Farm Bureau economists shows extreme weather caused more than $21 billion in crop losses. The impact on American farms and ranches demonstrates the importance of farm bill programs to help rural communities recover from weather-related disasters. The AFBF Market Intel Report says more than $11 billion in losses were covered by existing Risk Management Agency programs as of February 2022. Over $10 billion in losses were not insured through RMA, existed outside of policy coverage levels, or didn’t qualify under an existing risk management program. “It’s not hard to see why programs like crop insurance and disaster coverage are vital to the livelihoods of farmers and ranchers and the overall stability of our country, as a whole,” says AFB President Zippy Duvall. *********************************************************************************** Soybean Export Sales Hit Marketing-Year Low The USDA says export sales of corn and wheat both dropped while soybean sales declined to a marketing-year low during the week ending on February 24. Corn sales to overseas buyers totaled 598,000 metric tons, down 27 percent from the previous week and 48 percent from the prior four-week average. Mexico was the top corn buyer at 207,400 metric tons. Exports for the week dropped three percent to 666,400 tons. Wheat sales were 16 percent lower than the prior week at 284,000 metric tons, 39 percent higher than the same week last year. Japan was the top buyer at almost 71,000 tons. Exports were up 81 percent to 610,000 metric tons. Soybean sales dropped 14 percent week-to-week and 25 percent from the four-week average to 360,700 tons, the lowest since the marketing year began last September. China purchased 218,400 metric tons. Weekly soybean exports dropped 45 percent to 881,000 metric tons.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday March 6, 2023 |

Top 5 Things to Watch - Commodity Classic Hits Orlando, March WASDE is Out OMAHA (DTN) -- Here are the Top 5 things the DTN Newsroom is tracking for the week of March 5. Watch for coverage of these and other topics throughout the week on our subscription platforms as well as on DTNPF.com. 1. WASDE -- The March Madness of crop predictions -- begins: Wednesday brings the latest World Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report from USDA. We'll have initial numbers in our Flash story just after 11 a.m. CST, followed by updates and analysis through the following half hour. Our analysts are especially watching for bearish higher U.S. ending corn stocks estimates, driven by lower exports and South American production estimates. As always, DTN Lead Analyst Todd Hultman will have an online discussion of the report at 12:30 p.m. CST. 2. No Mickey Mouse reports: Four major commodity groups gather in Orlando, Florida this week for the Commodity Classic, and we'll be there. Watch for fresh reporting on policy issues, award winners and new crop chemicals and machinery. If you're in town, please visit us at the DTN booth to see the latest in our information and decision-making products. Stop by at 11:30 a.m. EST on Thursday we'll hold a panel discussion with leaders from CHS and DTN. Saturday morning (8:30 a.m. EST) DTN Ag Meteorologist John Baranick will present the latest spring and summer forecasts. Hope to see you. 3. No rest for wicked weather: Speaking of Baranick, his favorite word lately is "active." System after system keeps coming ashore on the West Coast and pushing through the central U.S., creating rain, snow and high winds in the process. Each wave pulls down colder air, though "cold" becomes a relative term the deeper we get into March. Expect those active systems to continue through this week and into the next. We've gone from looking at empty riverbanks to now watching for flooding in a number of areas. Stay tuned by checking the Ag Weather Forum blog. 4. Fertilizers and fertility: DTN Staff Reporter Russ Quinn continues his weekly update of fertilizer prices this week. DTN subscribers can view all our fertilizer information in our Markets sections. Quinn will also recap diesel and fertilizer price conversations from our recent Ag Summit Series session held Feb. 28. Watch for those stories throughout the week. 5. Other key reports coming: In addition to WASDE, this week has a number of key reports coming out that traders will watch closely. Monday is USDA's weekly grain export inspections; Tuesday sees the U.S. wholesale trade report from January; Wednesday we'll get the latest DOE energy inventory numbers and January U.S. trade deficit report; Thursday sees USDA weekly export sales and the U.S. jobless claims numbers and markets and we finish the week taking in the latest U.S. nonfarm payrolls and unemployment reports.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday March 6, 2023 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, traders will keep up with the latest weather forecasts, but may overlook export sales announcements as there haven't been any since February 17. An outdated report on U.S. factory orders will be out at 9 a.m. CST, followed by USDA's weekly grain export inspections at 10 a.m. Weather A system moved into the Northern Plains on Sunday and produced areas of moderate to heavy snow, which continues on Monday across northern areas. Other areas will be quieter with a significant differenc

| Rural Advocate News | Friday March 3, 2023 |

USDA Announces First Permanent Chief Diversity and Inclusion Officer The Department of Agriculture Thursday announced L’Tonya Davis as its first Chief Diversity and Inclusion Officer. Davis will lead USDA in its ongoing efforts to improve diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility and will oversee the implementation of USDA's first-ever DEIA Strategic Plan. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack says, “Davis has demonstrated a strong commitment to hiring and developing a workforce that reflects the rich and diverse tapestry of America.” Davis will work closely with executive leaders, employees, and staff experts to advance and sustain committed leadership and employee engagement for a high-performing and innovative USDA workforce. Davis joins USDA after serving in the Food and Drug Administration’s Office of Regulatory Affairs. Establishing the first-ever Chief Diversity and Inclusion Officer role has been a top priority for Secretary Vilsack and Deputy Secretary Jewel Bronaugh, who is stepping down from the department. Bronaugh was the first Black woman and woman of color to serve as Deputy Secretary at USDA. *********************************************************************************** Iowa to Request Emergency E15 Waiver for 2023 States seeking year-round E-15 may request an emergency waiver for the 2023 summer driving season. The Environment Protection Agency announced a proposal this week to allow year-round E-15 in states that requested the waiver. However, the proposal delays implementation of the rule until 2024. POET Energy spokesperson Joshua Shields says the proposal left unresolved concerns about access to the renewable fuel blend in 2023. Shields adds, “The lack of near-term certainty underscores the urgent need to ensure E15 sales are not interrupted.” Iowa Governor Kim Reynolds responded, “While long overdue, I am thrilled that the EPA has approved our multi-state bipartisan RVP waiver request that will pave the way for year-round E15 and bring certainty to the industry.” However, regarding the delay, Reynolds, says, “I look forward to requesting another emergency waiver for this year while at the same time asking the courts to require the Administration to grant our request immediately.” *********************************************************************************** USDA: Mexico a top Market for US Exports New data from USDA’s Economic Research Service shows that between fiscal years 2018 and 2022, Mexico accounted for nearly 14 percent of all U.S. agricultural exports. With a total value of $28 billion, Mexico is projected to be the United States’ second largest destination for U.S. agricultural exports in fiscal year 2022, and is forecast to reach 15 percent in 2023. On average, Mexico purchased $6.5 billion in U.S. grains and feeds per year from 2018 to 2022, accounting for 18 percent of the largest export commodity group. Demand for grains and feed has been spurred by the expansion of Mexico’s cattle industry and growing consumption of animal products. However, the report does not consider the future impacts of Mexico's decree banning imports of genetically engineered corn. Meanwhile, between 2018 and 2022, Mexico’s imports of livestock, poultry, and dairy products represented an average of 18 percent of total U.S. exports and accounted for $6.3 billion in sales. *********************************************************************************** AEM Issues Position Paper on Future Emission Regulations The Association of Equipment Manufacturers Thursday announced policy recommendations for future rulemakings impacting emissions or future engine technologies. The organization released a position paper entitled "Clean Air and Low Emissions through Next-Gen Nonroad Equipment.” The paper also details the position of AEM and its members that future regulations should support a reasonable transition to cleaner equipment. AEM Vice President of Construction & Utility John Somers says, “The association and its members want to leverage our considerable experience and expertise to inform regulatory efforts happening both now and in the future.” Engine emissions regulations are among the most important and impactful requirements placed on the nonroad equipment sector, affecting everything from performance, research and development, design, safety and cost. The most recent Tier 4 update drove significant equipment changes, including modernized electronic engines and aftertreatment for many power categories. The Position paper and its recommendations are available on the organization’s website, aem.org. *********************************************************************************** Restaurant Industry Expects Growth to Continue in 2023 The National Restaurant Association's 2023 State of the Restaurant Industry report released this week suggests more growth, labor challenges and rising costs for operators. The report predicts the food service industry will reach $997 billion in sales in 2023, driven in part by higher menu prices. Meanwhile, the food service industry workforce is projected to grow by 500,000 jobs, for total industry employment of 15.5 million by the end of 2023. National Restaurant Association CEO Michelle Korsmo says, "Our hiring rate and wage increases are outpacing the overall private sector, and this year our industry will contribute nearly $1 trillion to the economy." For 70 percent of operators, business conditions have settled into or are on the path to their new version of normal. The report finds 92 percent of operators say the cost of food is a significant issue for their restaurant, and 47 percent of operators expect competition to be more intense than last year. *********************************************************************************** Rural Media Group Launches the Cowgirl Channel The Cowgirl Channel made history as the new television network centered around women in western sports officially launched nationwide on DISH Network 269 and Sling TV. Viewers can now watch The Cowgirl Channel 24 hours a day, seven days a week in high definition as part of DISH Network's "America's Top 120 Package" and on SLING's "Heartland Extra Package." The Cowgirl Channel is the latest television network operated by parent company Rural Media Group, which also owns The Cowboy Channel and RFD-TV. Five years ago, Rural Media Group launched The Cowboy Channel in response to the demand and growth of western sports. Today, The Cowboy Channel is the official network of ProRodeo, home of the National Finals Rodeo, and broadcasts over 600 rodeo performances on the network's linear feed and streaming app. And now, Rural Media Group has expanded its coverage of western sports even further with the launch of The Cowgirl Channel.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday March 3, 2023 |

Friday Watch List Markets There are no significant reports on Friday's docket. USDA has not had a daily export sale announced since February 17 and, after Thursday's dismal export sales report, traders may stop checking in at 8 a.m. to see if anything shows up. The latest weather forecasts, however, do remain a topic of interest. Weather A storm system is moving out of the Plains through the Midwest on Friday and into the Northeast Friday night. The system is producing widespread moderate to heavy rain and snow that will mix in from Missouri to Michigan and across the Northeast with time. Strong to severe thunderstorms will press east through the Tennessee Valley and Southeast and through the Mid-Atlantic as well. Winds are increasing around the eastern half of the country and in some areas significantly so, with gusts over 50 mph in the Tennessee Valley.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday March 2, 2023 |

Lawmakers Introduce Checkoff Reform Legislation Republican Senator Mike Lee of Utah leads a bipartisan effort to reform agricultural checkoff programs. Lee was joined by Democrats Cory Booker, Kristen Gillibrand and Elizabeth Warren, and Republican Rand Paul, in reintroducing the Opportunities for Fairness in Farming Act. Checkoffs are mandatory Department of Agriculture fees assessed on a per-unit basis that fund boards designed to promote the commodity as a whole. However, Lee says, "Checkoff programs are filled with waste and often abuse those who are forced to contribute to their coffers." Among other things, the bill would prohibit checkoff programs from contracting with any organization that lobbies on agricultural policy. The legislation met mixed reviews from agriculture groups. R-CALF USA CEO Bill Bullard says, “The decades old beef checkoff program is ill-suited to meet the needs of today’s cattle farmers and ranchers.” However, the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association responded to the legislation, “In 2021 cattle producers overwhelmingly denied a referendum to end the Checkoff.” *********************************************************************************** EPA Proposes Removal of Gasoline Volatility Waiver for Select States The Environmental Protection Agency Wednesday announced a proposed rule paving the way for year-round E-15 as a group of state governors requested. The proposal would allow states to remove the 1-psi volatility waiver for gasoline-ethanol blends containing ten percent ethanol in their states. EPA proposes removing the 1-psi waiver in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. EPA proposes an effective date for all states of April 28, 2024. Biofuel groups, however, criticized the implementation date of the proposal. Growth Energy CEO Emily Skor responded, “First and foremost, we need E15 in 2023 so consumers can save money every time they fuel up at the pump.” The National Corn Growers Association supports the governors’ plan and expressed serious concern over the one-year delay in implementation and the market uncertainty the delay creates for E15 in 2023. NCGA President Tom Haag says, “These governors did the right thing, but EPA’s proposal delays this solution.” *********************************************************************************** NCBA Calls Again for Immediate Halt to Brazilian Beef Imports The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association is calling on Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack to immediately half U.S. beef imports from Brazil. The announcement comes as Brazil reported another atypical case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to the World Animal Organization for Animal Health last week. That report indicated 35 days elapsed between when the case was first identified and the date it was confirmed. NCBA president Todd Wilkinson says, “We have seen Brazil repeatedly fail to meet the 24-hour requirement for reporting of animal diseases.” Wilkinson adds, “We expect USDA to keep the border closed to Brazil until they can demonstrate that they are willing and able to play by the trade rules that govern all other nations.” NCBA sent a letter to USDA, demanding immediate action on this issue. NCBA also supports bipartisan Senate legislation to suspend Brazilian beef imports pending a review of Brazil's standards. *********************************************************************************** Chicken leads U.S. Per Person Availability of Meat The supply of chicken available to eat in the United States continues to outpace beef, according to new food availability data from the USDA’s Economic Research Service. In 2021, 68.1 pounds of chicken per person were available for human consumption, on a boneless, edible basis, compared with 56.2 pounds of beef. The availability of chicken began to increase in the 1940s, overtaking pork availability in 1996 and surpassing beef in 2010 to become the meat most available for U.S. consumption. Since 1980, U.S. chicken availability per person has more than doubled from 32.7 pounds. There were 47.5 pounds of pork available in 2021, after fluctuating between 42.4 and 49.9 pounds per person over the last four decades, according to USDA. Per-person fish and shellfish availability data are available only through 2019, when 19.1 pounds were available per person in the United States, up from the low of eight pounds in 1943. *********************************************************************************** World Pork Expo Set for Milestone 35th Anniversary Celebration The 2023 World Pork Expo returns to the Iowa State Fairgrounds in Des Moines, Iowa, from June 7 through 9. This year marks the 35th anniversary of the annual event focusing on education, innovation and networking within the pork industry. National Pork Producers Council Board President Terry Wolters says, "We're looking forward to celebrating the event's history while continuing to look ahead at the progress the industry continues to make." The event has grown significantly over the last three and a half decades to become the world's largest pork-specific trade show. Last year, more than 10,000 pork producers and ag professionals representing over 400 companies worldwide participated. This year's event is expected to draw even more industry insiders to the more than 300,000 square feet of exhibit space. Registration information will soon be available on worldpork.org for those who plan to attend the 2023 World Pork Expo, June 7-9. *********************************************************************************** Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Appoints Scott King to Lead U.S. Cattle Business Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Wednesday announced the appointment of Dr. Scott King as the new Executive Director of the U.S. Cattle Business. King says of the appointment, "I am excited to lead the team at Boehringer Ingelheim as we work hand-in-hand with them to prevent and manage conditions that can impact cattle health." King has served as Director of Marketing for the U.S. Cattle Business at Boehringer Ingelheim since 2015. He joined Boehringer Ingelheim in 2014 as Director of Marketing for the U.S. Equine Business and has held various marketing and technical leadership roles at Bayer Animal Health and Land O'Lakes Purina Mills. King is a graduate of the University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine and practiced veterinary medicine for ten years. Steve Boren, Vice President of Livestock and Equine at Boehringer Ingelheim, adds, "His extensive knowledge of the cattle industry and background in veterinary medicine will be integral to helping uphold Boehringer Ingelheim’s commitment to whole herd health.”

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday March 2, 2023 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's export sales report will be out at 7:30 a.m. CST, the same time as weekly U.S. jobless claims and updates of fourth quarter productivity and the U.S. Drought Monitor. Discussions begin Thursday at the G20 meeting in India, but don't expect an agreement on Ukraine with Russia, China and India in the room. The U.S. Energy Department's weekly report on natural gas storage is set for 9:30 a.m. after last week's report showed supplies up 22% from a year ago. Weather A storm system is moving out of the southern Rockies and into the Southern Plains on Thursday. Precipitation increased ahead of this system across the Tennessee Valley and Mid-Atlantic Wednesday and will increase from Texas and Oklahoma into these areas again today. Along with the increase in precipitation, a significant severe weather event is expected for later Thursday afternoon and Thursday evening. Strong tornadoes and damaging wind gusts will be likely from northeast Texas to Mississippi and western Tennessee going through the overnight hours.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday March 1, 2023 |

USDA Receives Equity Commission Interim Recommendations USDA's Equity Commission presented its 2023 Interim Report to Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack Tuesday. The 37-page report and its findings are based on the personal experiences and expertise of its members, their collaborative and in-depth review of USDA's programs and practices, and stakeholder input. Examples of the recommendations include offering new sources of capital to owners of heirs' property and fractionated land, as well as steps to prevent the creation of these types of property to reduce barriers to USDA programs in the future. Arturo S. Rodriguez, co-chair of the Equity Commission and United Farm Workers President Emeritus, says, "The Equity Commission's recommendations address issues that are not new to USDA, but they do require a renewed commitment to improve access to programs and services for all stakeholders Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack says, "We're confident the work of the Equity Commission will bolster our efforts to realize lasting change at USDA and are grateful to the members for taking on this work." *********************************************************************************** Study: Ethanol Cuts Gas Price by 77 Cents per Gallon Adding low-cost ethanol to the nation's gasoline supply improves energy security and saves the average American household more than $750 annually. That's according to a new study by energy economists from the University of California-Berkeley. The analysis concluded that "adding ethanol to gasoline decreases the price paid by U.S. drivers at the pump." The researchers estimate the average discount per gallon to be $0.77 between 2019 and 2022, reaching a total savings of $95.1 billion annually for U.S. consumers. The authors of the study attribute much of this benefit to the Renewable Fuel Standard. Renewable Fuels Association President and CEO Geoff Cooper said the study's results come at a critical time for U.S. policymakers. Cooper says, "American consumers would be paying much higher prices at the pump if not for the inclusion of more than 14 billion gallons of low-cost, low-carbon ethanol in our nation's gasoline supply each year," RFA commissioned the new study. *********************************************************************************** Bipartisan DAIRY PRIDE Act Reintroduced Senate lawmakers this week reintroduced the DAIRY PRIDE Act of 2023. The bill is titled The Defending Against Imitations and Replacements of Yogurt, milk, and cheese to Promote Regular Intake of Dairy Everyday Act of 2023. The legislation would require non-dairy products made from nuts, seeds, plants, and algae to no longer be mislabeled with dairy terms such as milk, yogurt or cheese. The reintroduction follows last week's Food and Drug Administration proposal allowing nut, oat, soy, and other non-dairy products to use the name "milk." Senate Democrat Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin says, "The Biden Administration's guidance that allows non-dairy products to use dairy names is just wrong." Current FDA regulations define dairy products as being from dairy animals. However, last week the FDA released draft guidance allowing plant-based products to continue to use dairy terms despite not containing dairy, nor having the nutritional value of dairy products. *********************************************************************************** USDA Encourages Farmers to Prepare for new Rice Production Program The Department of Agriculture Tuesday previewed plans to provide up to $250 million in assistance to rice farmers. The plans include what steps rice producers can take to be prepared to sign up when the program is released later this spring. The full program and application details will not be available until later this year. But farmers can get prepared to signup, if they qualify for a higher payment limitation. The payment limitation for the program is set by law and is higher if the farmer's average adjusted gross farm income is more than 75 percent of their average adjusted gross income. Rice farmers may visit their local county office to submit the appropriate form and if they qualify for and want to seek the higher payment limit and get part of the paperwork done early. More information will be provided when FSA announces the signup period in the coming weeks. *********************************************************************************** Pandemic Food Away From Home Spending Varied Data from USDA’s Economic Research Service shows food away from home spending varied during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. In April 2020, spending at full-service restaurants declined 71 percent compared with April 2019. Spending at fast-food restaurants fell 32 percent, and spending at all other food-away-from-home establishments dropped 41 percent over the same period. Full-service restaurants typically offer food and alcohol to seated customers, which was hard to provide during the pandemic. However, the limited physical interaction with customers made it easier for fast-food establishments to adapt to COVID-19 restrictions, and by the second half of 2020, they managed to recover to pre-pandemic spending levels. Despite efforts by many full-service restaurants to expand takeout and delivery services, these outlets took slightly longer to bounce back, and returned to pre-pandemic spending in March 2021. By December 2021, both full-service and limited-service restaurant spending had fully recovered and were each about 10 percent higher than in December 2019. *********************************************************************************** Farm Bureau Accepting Ag Innovation Challenge Applications The American Farm Bureau Federation, in partnership with Farm Credit, is seeking entrepreneurs to apply online for the 2024 Farm Bureau Ag Innovation Challenge. Now in its 10th year, the national business competition showcases U.S. startup companies developing innovative solutions to challenges faced by America's farmers, ranchers and rural communities. Farm Bureau is offering $165,000 in startup funds throughout the course of the competition, which will culminate in the top 10 semi-finalists competing in a live pitch competition in front of Farm Bureau members, investors and industry representatives at the AFBF Convention in January 2024 in Salt Lake City, Utah. AFBF President Zippy Duvall says, "We're pleased to recognize startup companies that provide solutions to problems facing rural America and support farmers." Applications remain open through May 12, and the ten semi-finalist teams will be announced September 12. Each semi-finalist team will compete to advance to the final round of four teams. Find more information at fb.org/challenge.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday March 1, 2023 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets Various manufacturing indices from around the world will be reported overnight, leading to ISM's index of U.S. manufacturing at 9 a.m. CST Wednesday, clues to world economic activity. The U.S. Energy Department's weekly inventory report will be out at 9:30 a.m., including ethanol production. Traders will keep an eye on the latest weather forecasts and South American crop conditions. Weather A system moving from the Northern Plains into the northern Midwest carries areas of mostly snow on Wednesday. The cold front to this system lies across the southeastern Plains through the Tennessee Valley and will light up with showers later Wednesday and into Wednesday night, some of which may be severe, but also carrying potentially heavy rainfall. Another strong system is moving through the southwest with heavy precipitation that will become another big-impact system for the end of the week east of the Rockies

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday February 28, 2023 |

NACD Releases 2023 Farm Bill Recommendations The National Association of Conservation Districts released policy recommendations for the upcoming 2023 Farm Bill. The NACD’s Farm Bill Task Force has convened more than a dozen times to come up with recommendations that were recently approved by the NACD Board of Directors. Their most important priority is for Congress to keep conservation investments provided by the Inflation Reduction Act in the farm bill conservation programs. This request is critical to addressing the high unmet demand for NRCS conservation programs, which only serve about one in every three eligible producers. To support locally-led conservation efforts, the recommendations also push back against one-size-fits-all policies, the addition of national carve-outs within programs, and limitations on conservation practices. “We will continue to work with a wide range of stakeholders and lawmakers on both sides of the aisle to develop an inclusive farm bill that provides strong support for conservation,” says NACD President Kim LaFleur. *********************************************************************************** FCC Commissioner Speaks Out on the Importance of AM Radio in EVs Nathan Simington, a Commissioner for the Federal Communications Commission, spoke out on the continued importance of AM radio to public safety. He says the issue of continuing to include AM radios in electric vehicles deserves urgent attention. “As electric vehicle adoption increases, we must not leave behind those in rural areas who depend on radio for their news and alerts,” Simington says. He points out that growing up in rural Saskatchewan was like living in a connectivity desert. “Back then, like now, radio was essential for staying connected,” he says. “While some things have changed, not enough has changed to eliminate the need for radio, and the situation is similar in the United States.” He also believes the FCC has a duty to make clear how valuable AM radio is to its listeners. “Further, we should be good stewards of the AM radio band,” he says. “That includes safeguarding AM radio reception.” *********************************************************************************** Veterinarians Help Reignite Push to Strengthen Dog Import Standards The American Veterinary Association-supported Healthy Dog Importation Act would help to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases impacting both animal and human health. The legislation has been reintroduced in both chambers of Congress and would improve importation standards to make sure dogs are in good health when brought into the U.S. “Strengthening our animal health infrastructure by improving the country’s dog import standards is essential to maintaining public health,” says Dr. Lori Teller, AVMA President. “There are over a million dogs imported into the country each year, and we must make sure they’re healthy and not a risk for spreading dangerous diseases.” Senator Tina Smith (D-MN), one of the bill’s sponsors in the Senate, says, “Mitigating the spread of foreign diseases in dogs helps keep domestic and wild animals safe. It will also prevent illnesses and disease outbreaks in people.” Smith also says she’ll continue pushing this bipartisan bill forward. *********************************************************************************** USDA Report Says Farmers Adopting Precision Ag at Different Rates Farmers are adopting precision technologies at different rates. A USDA report says the largest farms are adopting auto-steer guidance technology at significantly higher rates. After sorting farms into five equally-sized groups, the agency found that among farmers who were growing corn in 2016, 73 percent of farms in the largest category adopted guidance at the highest rates. The rates were similar for the largest farms growing other commodities in later years: 82 percent of the largest winter wheat farms in 2017, 68 percent of the largest soybean farms in 2018, and 67 percent of the largest cotton farms in 2019. Adoption rates were smaller among the smallest farms in the country: 10 percent of the smallest corn farms in 2016, 11 percent of the smallest soybean farms in 2018, and seven percent of the smallest winter wheat farms in 2017. However, fifty percent of the smallest cotton farms have adopted the technology. *********************************************************************************** USDA Looking to Expand Conservation Assistance The USDA is seeking applications for projects that will improve its outreach to underserved producers and underserved communities. The agency is looking to expand opportunities to participate in conservation programs and services and opportunities for students to pursue careers in agriculture, natural resources, and related sciences. USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service is offering up to $70 million in cooperative agreements with entities for two-year projects that encourage participation in NRCS programs, especially in underserved communities and among urban and small-scale producers. “USDA is committed to removing barriers for underserved producers to all USDA services,” says NRCS Chief Terry Cosby. “The projects funded through this opportunity will better ensure these producers receive the benefits our conservation programs deliver.” The projects should promote the benefits of the NRCS programs through education or demonstrations, develop community conservation partnerships that engage underserved producers, and meet other requirements too. For more information, go to grants.gov. *********************************************************************************** Corn Export Sales Drop Week-to-Week The USDA says corn export sales for the week ending on February 16 dropped while wheat and bean sales rose. Corn sales that week hit 823,200 metric tons, 20 percent lower than the previous week and 30 percent under the previous four-week average. Japan was the biggest buyer at 312,000 metric tons, followed by Mexico and Taiwan. The total would have been higher, but China and Italy both canceled shipments. Exports for the week rose three percent to 687,400 tons. Wheat sales came in at 338,800 metric tons, 62 percent higher than the previous week and 39 percent above the four-week average. Exports hit 338,000 metric tons, a 32 percent drop. Soybean sales rose 20 percent over the prior week at almost 545,000 metric tons, 18 percent below the four-week average. China was the top buyer at 176,200 metric tons. Exports for the week dropped six percent to 1.74 million metric tons.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday February 28, 2023 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets DTN's Ag Summit Series begins at 8:30 a.m. CST Tuesday, followed by the Conference Board's index of U.S. consumer confidence at 9 a.m. Traders will keep watch over the latest weather forecasts and pause at 8 a.m. to see if USDA has an export sale to announce, something not seen for the past 10 days. Weather A storm system continues to move through the Northeast with precipitation but the next in the series of storms for the week will exit the Rockies and move through the Northern Plains and Upper Midwest Tuesday and Tuesday night with scattered snow showers. A band of snow should set up along the North Dakota-South Dakota border which may be heavier. Breezy winds continue in West Texas, which continue to rob the region of any topsoil moisture.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday February 27, 2023 |

U.S. Imposes Higher Tariffs on Russian Imports The White House announced actions intended to hold Russia accountable for invading Ukraine. U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai says as part of that effort, President Biden announced additional tariff increases on a variety of goods from Russia worth approximately $2.8 billion. The president raised tariffs on most metal and metal products, doubling them from 35 to 70 percent and targeting a crucial revenue-generating sector of the Russian economy. He also increased tariffs on additional Russian products to 35 percent, including chemicals and minerals. These moves are complemented by tariff increases on Russian aluminum. “These actions are carefully calibrated to put economic pressure on Russia while minimizing costs to U.S. consumers,” says Tai. “As the president recently said in Poland, the United States and our Allies and partners will hold accountable those who are responsible for the war.” She also says those actions demonstrate the U.S. resolve in doing precisely that. *********************************************************************************** Food-at-Home Price to Increase Almost Nine Percent USDA’s Economic Research Service publishes its price forecasts in the monthly Food Price Outlook report. The FPO forecasts food-at-home prices will increase by 8.6 percent in 2023, with a prediction interval of 5.6 to 11 percent. Forecasts now include a midpoint and a prediction interval to represent the expected price change and range of likely prices. The prediction intervals vary. They begin wider due to uncertainty at the start of the year and then narrow as forecasts incorporate more months of observed data. In 2023, fresh fruit prices are predicted to experience little change at 0.1 percent with a prediction interval of -5.6 to 6.4 percent. Overall, food prices are expected to grow more slowly in 2023 than they did in 2022 but remain above historical average rates. Food-at-home prices grew 11.4 percent in 2022, the largest annual increase since 1974, compared with a historical average increase of 2.5 percent from 2003-2022. *********************************************************************************** Egg Prices are Projected to Drop 30 Percent This Year The price of eggs is projected to fall dramatically after reaching record-high levels over several months. The USDA says those prices should fall back to typical levels this year, provided the U.S. doesn’t see a rebound in highly pathogenic avian influenza cases in 2023. The Bureau of Labor Statistics says the price of eggs in January was $4.80 a dozen, 150 percent higher than in January of last year. USDA Chief Economist Seth Meyer told the Ag Outlook Forum attendees that wholesale egg prices will drop almost 27 percent in 2023. The agency says the high price of eggs is driven by the historic level of avian flu outbreaks that have killed more than 58 million backyard and commercial chickens and turkeys since last February. The agency says egg production will increase four percent this year to 9.4 billion dozen as the number of egg-laying chickens will also rebound from 2022. *********************************************************************************** Report Says Farm Bill Should Prioritize Ag Research A report produced by the Farm Journal Foundation and the Chicago Council on Global Affairs says the U.S. needs to increase support for agricultural research and development in the next farm bill. The support would help make sure that farmers can keep feeding the world despite the challenges faced by agriculture. New innovations generated from agricultural research at land-grant universities and other public sector institutions can help increase farm productivity and economic growth. Despite that, public investment in agricultural R and D has declined in recent years. The report says the 2023 farm bill is an opportunity to increase funding for agricultural R and D and ensure the U.S. is prepared for the challenges ahead. The USDA’s Economic Research Service says ag research provides one of the highest returns of any public research investment, generating $20 on average for every $1 spent. Public investment is needed to complement private-sector spending. *********************************************************************************** Ethanol Production Surges The Energy Information Administration says ethanol output jumped to the highest level in more than two months while inventories again increased during the week ending on February 17. The EIA report says production rose to an average of 1.029 million barrels a day. That’s up from 1.014 million barrels, on average, during the previous week and is the highest output since December 16. The Midwest saw output increase to an average of 984,000 barrels a day, up from 965,000 barrels during the previous week. That was where all the gains took place. Production in the West Coast and East Coast regions was unchanged from the prior week. Production in the Rocky Mountain and Gulf Coast regions fell an average of 9,000 and 21,000 barrels a day, respectively. Ethanol stockpiles were up again, rising to 25.58 million barrels, up from 25.33 million during the prior week, and the highest level since April 1, 2022. *********************************************************************************** Give FFA Day Raises Record Amount of Support The National FFA Organization was amazed at the amount of support shown during the National Give FFA Day event. They were excited to announce that with the generous support of the FFA community, they helped raise a record-breaking amount of money. A total of 721,506 dollars will go toward benefitting National FFA and 51 FFA associations. “To those who donated on Give FFA Day, we are so grateful for your support,” the organization said in a release. “Your generosity will impact FFA members and teachers across the country.” They also say because the support was so generous, FFA is able to build members’ leadership skills, instill a passion for service, and prepare the next generation for agriculture careers. “Thank you to everyone who stepped up to make the day such a rousing success,” the organization said. For those who didn’t get the chance, go to ffa.org to continue supporting the organization.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday February 27, 2023 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, traders will check the latest weather forecasts and any news. A report on U.S. durable goods orders for January is due out at 7:30 a.m. CST, followed by pending home sales at 9 a.m. and USDA's weekly grain inspections at 10 a.m. Weather A storm system going through the Midwest on Monday morning already produced a round of significant severe weather across the Central and Southern Plains on Sunday, with another round possible from Illinois to Ohio on Monday. In addition, colder temperatures across the northern Midwest and Northeast will create a mix of wintry weather Monday into Monday night, and breezy winds have developed for the middle of the country. Several additional storm systems are expected this week with myriad impacts.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday February 24, 2023 |

USDA Releases Lower Ag Export Forecast for 2023 American agricultural exports in fiscal year 2023 are projected at $184.5 billion, down $5.5 billion from the November forecast. The export forecasts for all major commodity groups are down, with the largest drops projected for corn, sorghum, and soybeans. Corn exports are forecast $1.9 billion lower to $16.6 billion on lower volume. Soybean exports are projected to drop by $800 million to $32 billion on lower U.S. supplies and increased Brazilian competition. Livestock, poultry, and dairy exports are forecast to decrease by $900 million to $40.5 billion as declines in beef, poultry, and dairy exports offset increases in pork exports. U.S. cotton exports are forecast down $100 million to $5.9 billion on lower volumes. Ethanol exports are forecast at $3.6 billion, down $600 million on lower volumes and a reduced demand outlook. China is forecast to remain the largest market for U.S. agricultural exports at $34 billion, unchanged from November. *********************************************************************************** Study Shows Transition to Cage-Free Eggs Comes With Problems A new study funded in part by United Egg Producers and the United Egg Association shows the transition to cage-free eggs will increase costs and reduce profits. It also shows that producers may not be able to make the 2026 deadline. The study says, “Conversion from conventional to cage-free housing is costly for both egg producers and final consumers.” There remains a lot of uncertainty about the extent to which egg producers will be willing and able to continue transitioning to cage-free housing at a rate commensurate with retailers’ cage-free pledges. Roughly 55 percent of consumers surveyed for the study are motivated by price and don’t discriminate between cage and cage-free eggs. Producers surveyed also reveal higher costs and labor requirements associated with cage-free production. Producers are also experiencing challenges in getting financing to convert or build cage-free facilities without longer-term commitments from retailers, particularly as interest rates continue climbing higher. *********************************************************************************** Cyberattack Temporarily Shuts Down Dole Production Food giant Dole says it recently was hit by a cyberattack that was determined to be ransomware. Industrial Cyber says the attack disrupted the company’s operations and resulted in the temporary shutdown of production plants. It temporarily halted the company’s food shipments to stores. A company news release says upon learning of the incident, Dole moved quickly to contain the threat and engaged leading third-party cybersecurity experts who’ve been working with Dole’s internal teams to secure the company’s systems. An internal memo on February 10 told employees that “Dole Food Company is in the midst of a cyber-attack and has subsequently shut down our systems throughout North America.” Two grocery stores in Texas and Mexico contacted by CNN said they hadn’t been able to stock Dole salad kits on their shelves for days. Dole didn’t go into detail about the ransomware hackers’ attack methods but did say the company contacted law enforcement. *********************************************************************************** Mad Cow Disease Found in Brazil Brazil’s agriculture and livestock ministry says beef exports to China are temporarily on hold after a case of mad cow disease was confirmed in one of the northern states called Para. Reuters says the suspension is part of an animal health agreement made between the two countries and likely won’t last long. However, it is a hit to the bottom line for the country’s farmers as China is the top destination for Brazil’s beef exports. Minister Carlos Favaro says, “All measures are being taken immediately at each stage of the investigation, and the matter is being handled with total transparency to guarantee Brazilian and global consumers the recognized quality of our meat.” The ag ministry also says, “The symptomology indicates that it is the atypical form of the disease, which appears spontaneously in nature, causing no risk of dissemination to the herd and human beings.” Para’s agricultural defense agency confirmed the disease case. *********************************************************************************** 2022 Annual Milk Production up 0.1 Percent From 2021 The annual production of milk in the United States during 2022 was 226 billion pounds, 0.1 percent above 2021. Revisions to 2021 production increased the annual total to 35 million pounds. Revised 2022 production was down 158 million pounds from the previous USDA publication. Annual total milk production has increased 12.5 percent since 2013. The average number of milk cows on farms in the United States during 2022 was 9.4 million head, 0.5 percent lower than last year. The average number of milk cows was revised down 2,000 head for 2022. The average annual number of milk cows has increased by 1.9 percent from 2013. In the meantime, milk production in the 24 major dairy-producing states totaled 18.5 billion pounds in January, 1.5 percent higher than in January 2022. Production per cow averaged 2,069 pounds for January, 18 pounds above January 2022. The number of milk cows on farms was 8.93 million head. *********************************************************************************** Biggest U.S. Farms Obtaining More Land USDA’s annual Farms and Land in Farms Report shows the country’s largest farms with sales of $1 million or more operate nearly 26 percent of U.S. farmlands. The agency also says there were 2.003 million farms in the nation during 2022, a drop of 0.5 percentage points from 2012. Around 88,660 farms, or 3.9 percent of the total, had sales of at least $1 million. Ten years ago, three percent of farms made that category. The average size of the largest farms, by sales, was 2,927 acres or 4.6 square miles in 2022. In 2012, farms with $1 million in sales were an average of 2,481 acres in size. USDA says the average farm size for 2022 was 446 acres, up from 445 acres in 2021. The size of farms in the $1 million or more sales class increased. Farms in every other sales class either decreased or remained the same size.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday February 24, 2023 |

Friday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report is set for 7:30 a.m. CST, the same time the Personal Consumption Expenditure index for January and U.S. personal income and consumer spending data will also be out, followed by U.S. new home sales for January and the University of Michigan's consumer sentiment index for February at 9 a.m. USDA's monthly cattle on-feed and cold storage reports are due out at 2 p.m. Weather There may be some showers floating around the Plains, Midwest, and Delta on Friday, but most areas will stay dry. Very cold air that has settled into the Northern Plains and Canadian Prairies continues Friday before moderating. The next storm system is moving through California with heavy precipitation and strong winds. This system will move through the Southwest over the next couple of days.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday February 23, 2023 |

FACA Announces 2023 Farm Bill Priorities The Food and Agriculture Climate Alliance Wednesday released policy recommendations for the 2023 farm bill. Further reducing emissions throughout agricultural and forestry supply chains will require a comprehensive effort involving financial and technical assistance, research investments, proactive response to innovation, public-private partnerships and a commitment to equitable opportunities for all producers. FACA's recommendations, developed by the 23-member steering committee, are divided into six categories: Conservation, risk management and credit, energy, food waste, forestry, livestock and dairy, and research, extension and innovation. FACA's past recommendations have provided guidance to members of Congress and administration officials and have been credited with shaping federal laws and programs. President of the American Farm Bureau Federation, Zippy Duvall, says, "We look forward to working with Congress to strengthen Title I programs, improve risk management tools, and utilize these FACA recommendations to advance our sustainability mission in a manner that respects farmers and ranchers as partners." *********************************************************************************** FDA Announces Draft Guidance for Plant-Based Dairy Imitators The Food and Drug Administration Wednesday announced draft recommendations on the naming of plant-based foods that are marketed and sold as alternatives to milk. The guidance recommends that an alternative milk product that includes the term milk and has a nutrient composition different than milk, include a voluntary nutrient statement that conveys how the product compares with milk. Jim Mulhern, President and CEO of the National Milk Producers Federation, says the announcement "is a step toward labeling integrity for consumers of dairy products." Though Mulhern says the guidance "falls short of ending the decades-old problem of misleading plant-based labeling using dairy terminology." Senate Democrat Tammy Baldwin and Idaho Republican Jim Risch, in a joint statement, say, "This misguided rule will hurt America's dairy farmers and our rural communities." Baldwin and Risch announced their intention to reintroduce the DAIRY PRIDE Act, which would require the FDA to issue guidance for nationwide enforcement of mislabeled plant-based products within 90 of implementation. *********************************************************************************** NCGA Announces Caskey as CEO The National Corn Growers Association Wednesday announced Neil Caskey as its new CEO. Caskey, who serves as NCGA's vice president of communications, will begin the role of CEO Monday, February 27. NCGA President Tom Haag says, "Neil's experience in agriculture is extensive, and he is well known as someone who gets the job done well." Caskey has served as NCGA's vice president of communications and industry relations for over four years and spent over a decade promoting agricultural issues as executive vice president at OBP Agency. His professional background also includes work for the American Soybean Association and as a legislative aide for a U.S. member of Congress. Caskey says, "It is quite an honor to lead an organization that I care so much about." Caskey holds a B.A. in political science from the University of Missouri-Columbia and an MBA from Webster University. Former CEO, Jon Doggett, left NCGA at the end of last year. *********************************************************************************** Consumers Expect to Pay More for Groceries A new survey finds consumers expect to pay more for groceries this year. Progressive Grocer reports the 2023 KPMG Winter Consumer Pulse Survey shows consumers anticipate increased prices, but are looking for ways to save money. The Survey shows consumers expect a 15 percent increase in grocery spending this year. Meanwhile, 56 percent of consumers plan to spend more on groceries this year, while nine percent plan to spend less. Consumers cite inflation, an increased tendency to eat at home, larger household sizes and dietary changes as reasons for spending changes. KMPG research also finds 38 percent of consumers plan to pay more for restaurant meals this year, a two percent increase from last year. However, 35 percent of consumers say they plan to spend less on purchases made online this year, yet nearly half of the respondents reported an average increase in household income of 15 percent. *********************************************************************************** USDA Announces $59 Million Investment in Meat Processing Capacity The Department of Agriculture this week announced a $59 million investment to increase independent meat and poultry processing capacity. The funding also seeks to expand market opportunities for farmers and create jobs in rural areas. The investment is part of the Biden administration's Action Plan for a Fairer, More Competitive, and More Resilient Meat and Poultry Supply Chain. The action plan dedicates resources to expand independent processing capacity. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack says, "USDA will continue to work tirelessly to give farmers and ranchers a fair chance to compete in the marketplace, which in turn helps lower food costs for the American people." USDA is providing the $59 million in grants to five independent processors under the Meat and Poultry Processing Expansion Program. The funding will help build new processing plants, create hundreds of jobs, give local producers and entrepreneurs more options and business opportunities, and give consumers more options at the grocery store. *********************************************************************************** AFA Acquires Magnetic Ag Digital Newsletter Agriculture Future of America has acquired Magnetic Ag - an agriculture-focused digital newsletter distributed through email twice weekly - from Magnetic Ag founder and AFA alumnus, Travis Martin. Since its inception in 2020, Magnetic has grown to serve more than 12,000 active subscribers including agricultural business, technology and policy professionals, alongside agriculture educators, students and farmers. Magnetic is aimed at making agriculture industry news digestible by consolidating news from a variety of industry media into each newsletter edition, making the newsletter a hub for the latest agriculture news. With a casual and catchy writing style, Magnetic shares agricultural business, policy, technology and market news. AFA President and CEO Mark Stewart says, "Adding Magnetic to AFA's offerings helps us further serve the industry by developing transformational leaders who find themselves at various stages of their careers." AFA aims to double readership in the coming year by making the newsletter more accessible to its partners and students.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday February 23, 2023 |

USDA Forecasts Bigger Crops, Lower Prices for 2023-24 Crops ARLINGTON, Va. (DTN) -- U.S. farmers are forecast to plant 91 million acres of corn, up 2.4 million acres from last year, and produce a 15-billion-bushel crop while soybean acres will hold pat at 87.5 million acres and produce 4.5 billion bushels, according to USDA's initial Outlook on the 2023-24 crops. USDA also forecasts lower corn and soybean prices as production increases as well. USDA released its Grain and Oilseeds Outlook at the opening of its annual Outlook Forum on Thursday in Arlington, Va. CORN USDA forecasts higher corn production for the 2023-24 crop year with 91 million acres planted and a record yield of 181.5 bushels per acre, producing a projected 15.09-billion-bushel crop, about 10% larger than a year ago. If realized, it would be the second-largest crop on record behind the 2016-17 crop year. The higher production is expected to bring down the average farmgate price $1.10 a bushel from last year to $5.60 a bushel. Citing the 181.5 bpa, USDA said the record yield forecast is based on a "weather-adjusted trend assuming normal planting progress and summer growing season weather." Total corn supplies are forecast at 16.38 billion bushels, up about 8% from the 2022-23 crop. Looking at use, feed, seed and industrial use is unchanged at 6.69 billion bushels. Corn use for ethanol is projected at 5.25 billion bushels, "based on expectations of flat motor gasoline consumption." Feed and residual use is projected to rise 6% to 5.6 billion bushels due to higher corn production and expected lower prices during the year. Exports are expected to rise 275 million bushels to 2.2 billion bushels due to "reduced exportable supplies in Ukraine," and modest global trade growth. Ending stocks are forecast to rise 620 million bushels to 1.887 billion bushels, resulting in a stocks-to-use ratio of 13%. SOYBEANS While planted acreage would remain unchanged at 87.5 million acres, USDA forecasts yields will rise 2.5 bushels per acre to 52 bpa. That would boost production 5% to 4.5 billion bushels, "assuming normal growing-season weather." The average farmgate price for soybeans is projected at $12.90 a bushel, down $1.40 a bushel from the 2022-23 crop. Domestic soybean crush is projected to rise to a record 2.31 billion bushels, "supported by meal demand growth and high prices for biofuel feedstocks in the United States." Soybean oil for biofuels is expected to grow 8% to 12.5 billion pounds in 2023-24. USDA cited the driving increase for soybean oil in biofuels that has pushed up U.S. prices and driven down exports. "This trend is expected to continue under current state mandates and the Environmental Protection Agency's proposed rule for 2023 through 2025," citing the EPA Renewable Fuels Standard rules. Soybean exports for 2023-24 are forecast at 2.03 billion bushels, up 35 million bushels from the 2022-23 crop year. With harvest underway in Brazil, USDA cites that South American supplies will be higher this year as the U.S. export season gets underway. "With another large South American harvest expected in early 2024, export competition will likely limit potential gains in U.S. exports in the second half of the marketing year." Soybean ending stocks for 2023-24 are projected at 290 million bushels, up 65 million bushels from the 2023-24 forecast. WHEAT U.S. wheat production is projected to increase 14% for 2023-24 to 1.887 billion bushels on both higher acreage and yield. Total wheat planted acre is projected at 49.5 million acres, up nearly 3.8 million acres from the 2022-23 crop, and the highest since 2016-17. The average farmgate price for wheat is forecast at $8.50 a bushel, down 50 cents a bushel from the 2022-23 crop. The all-wheat yield is projected to increase 6% to 49.2 bpa. Total wheat supply will hit 2.575 billion bushels, up 107 million bushels from last year's crop. Total domestic use is forecast at 1.142 billion bushels, up 17 million bushels. Exports are forecast at 825 million bushels, up 75 million bushels from 2022-23. That puts total use at 1.967 billion bushels, up 67 million bushels from a year ago. All-wheat ending stocks will come in at 608 million bushels, up 40 million bushels from a year ago.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday February 23, 2023 |

Thursday Watch List Markets U.S. weekly jobless claims, an update of fourth-quarter U.S. GDP and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor are all set for 7:30 a.m. CST Thursday. The U.S. Energy Department's natural gas storage report will be out at 9:30 a.m., followed by energy inventories at 10 a.m. Traders continue to keep a close watch on the latest weather forecasts. Weather A long-duration winter storm is winding down Thursday, though moderate snow will still occur across portions of the northern Midwest into the Northeast. Winds remain blustery in some areas where the snow fell, causing some blowing and drifting of the snow along with occasional blizzard conditions. Very cold temperatures have settled in briefly across portions of the Plains and Upper Midwest through Friday before moderating.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday February 22, 2023 |

USDA: Ethanol Production Rebounds from Pandemic Lows Production and consumption of ethanol as a transportation fuel grew significantly over the last three decades in the United States before plateauing in recent years. The ethanol share of finished motor gasoline has moved concurrently with consumption, leveling off near ten percent in 2022. Steps taken in the spring of 2020 to combat the spread of COVID-19, such as increased remote work and school, and other social distancing efforts, resulted in sharp declines in a variety of ethanol market metrics. For example, from 2017–19, U.S. ethanol production averaged 1.33 billion gallons per month, while consumption averaged 1.18 billion gallons per month. During the pandemic lows, these values fell by 46 percent and nearly 40 percent, respectively, causing the ethanol share of finished motor gasoline to decline to nine percent. More recently, estimates for all three figures have largely recovered and leveled off. However, adoption of hybrid and electric vehicles is expected to put downward pressure on gasoline consumption and dampen prospects for renewed growth in fuel ethanol demand. *********************************************************************************** USDA Invests More than $48.6 Million to Combat Climate Change The Department of Agriculture will invest more than $48.6 million this year through the Joint Chiefs’ Landscape Restoration Partnership. The projects mitigate wildfire risk, improve water quality, restore forest ecosystems, and ultimately contribute to USDA’s efforts to combat climate change. This year, the Forest Service and Natural Resources Conservation Service will invest in projects. Forest Service Chief Randy Moore says, “The need for cross-boundary wildfire risk reduction work as part of our Wildfire Crisis Strategy is more urgent than ever.” The partnership enables the Forest Service and NRCS to collaborate with agricultural producers and forest landowners to invest in conservation and restoration at a large enough scale to make a difference. Working in partnership, and at this scale, helps reduce wildfire threats to communities and critical infrastructure, protect water quality and supply, and improve wildlife habitat for at-risk species. USDA is investing $31.2 million in 25 existing projects and more than $17 million in 14 new projects. *********************************************************************************** Ocean Freight Rates Revert to Pandemic Lows Since the highs of 2021, freight prices have dropped to lows not seen since June 2020, according to a recent analysis by U.S. Wheat Associates. Coupled with a recent break in wheat prices, decreased ocean freight costs have helped turn the tides back in the importers' favor. The Baltic Index price chart of dry bulk freight rates shows the impact on rates from the Russian invasion of Ukraine. On February 6, the Baltic Dry Index hit 621, a level not seen since June 2020. The index has fallen 88 percent from its peak in October 2021. In recent years, dry bulk freight and Chinese economic growth have become interconnected. Vessel supply and demand, port congestion, oil prices, and the ongoing supply chain disruptions will continue to impact the market as economies normalize post-COVID. However, China remains in the driver's seat of global freight, according to U.S. Wheat Associates. The resilience of the Chinese economy will be put to the test as economic activity increases post-COVID. *********************************************************************************** Growth in Organic Market Slowing The organic market has seen continued growth in retail sales in the past decade. However, the pace of growth has slowed, according to USD’s Economic Research Service. U.S. organic retail sales increased by an average of eight percent per year and surpassed $53 billion in 2020. In 2021, sales were $52 billion, which was a six percent annual decline when adjusted for inflation, but a slight increase when not inflation-adjusted. Additionally, the number of certified organic acres operated increased gradually from 3.6 million in 2011 to 4.9 million acres in 2021. The number of certified farms with operating organic acres in the United States nearly doubled over the past decade to 17,400 from about 8,900. Between 2019 and 2021, the number of certified organic farms in the United States increased five percent, while total organic land decreased by 11 percent, driven by a 36 percent decrease in pasture and rangeland. *********************************************************************************** FMI Encourages FDA to Refine Healthy Definition The Food Industry Association recently submitted comments to the Food and Drug Administration regarding the agency's proposed rule to update the definition of the term "healthy." The FDA is seeking the update when the term is used as a nutrient content claim in labeling. FMI Chief Public Policy Officer Jennifer Hatcher says. "We are concerned the proposal is too restrictive in scope and could inadvertently lead to consumers avoiding certain foods that are otherwise part of a healthy eating pattern." The comments submitted to FDA explain some FMI members found that their portfolios have gone from 80-95 percent “healthy”-eligible foods, to between three and seven percent healthy eligible foods under the proposed rule. FMI predicts that when taking into account the entire food supply, fewer than five percent of products would qualify. Hatcher adds, “A definition that only allows an exceedingly small number of foods to bear a healthy claim would be counter-productive to the agency’s goal of improving public health.” *********************************************************************************** Swine Health Center Develops Standard Outbreak Investigation Instrument The Swine Health Information Center this week announced a standardized outbreak investigation instrument. The new instrument is available for download and use from the SHIC website, and a web-based version will be launched this spring. The downloadable version is a fillable form that, upon completion, could be submitted to a program administrator at Iowa State University, the developer of the tool. Or the form could be used for farm/system outbreak investigations without submitting, but every submission will strengthen the confidential database that can help researchers find industry trends. The new, standardized outbreak investigation instrument was built from an existing investigation tool. Expert input and conversation led to changing some terms and creating additions. Dr. Derald Holtkamp of Iowa State University led the development of the instrument. Holtkamp says, “The reason for doing this remains trying to be better prepared to respond to the introduction of transboundary disease.” Visit swinehealth.org to learn more.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday February 22, 2023 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets Minutes from the Fed's most recent Open Market Committee meeting will be released at 1 p.m. Wednesday, the only significant report on the docket. Due to this week's four-day schedule, the Energy Department's weekly inventory report is pushed to Thursday. Traders will keep close watch over the latest weather forecasts and any outside news, especially as the one-year anniversary of Russia's invasion of Ukraine approaches. Weather A long-duration winter storm event continues to produce widespread impacts for much of the country on Wednesday. Showers and thunderstorms are developing across the southeastern Plains through the Midwest, some of which may be severe. A narrow band of heavier snow continues in Wisconsin and Michigan this morning but will broaden out during the day, with a risk of freezing rain from Iowa to southern Michigan. The larger part of the storm is in the Rockies and will increase the snowfall across the Northern Plains into the Upper Midwest throughout today and tonight, leading to heavy snowfall amounts. Winds with the system are increasing and will be strong enough to produce blizzard conditions where the heavy snow falls.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday February 21, 2023 |

Key Happenings the Newsroom is Tracking for the Week of Feb. 19-25 OMAHA (DTN) -- Here are the Top 5 things the DTN Newsroom is tracking for the week of Feb. 19. Watch for coverage of these and other topics through the week on our subscription platforms as well as on DTNPF.com. 1. USDA Outlook Conference: The annual USDA Ag Outlook Forum is Feb. 23-24. The event is packed with sessions covering major issues in the ag economy, capped by USDA's official economic prognostications early Friday morning. 2. Early week winter waves: Several storm systems will trek across the U.S. this week. DTN Ag Meteorologist John Baranick says the next round begins in the Pacific Northwest Monday night into Tuesday. It is expected to head into the Great Lakes through Tuesday and into Wednesday, bringing snow to the Northern Plains and Great Lakes areas. 3. Dark anniversary: Feb. 24 is, of course, the first anniversary of Russians invasion into Ukraine; the ongoing war continues to influence the global economy, particularly global food security. Look for both reflections on that anniversary mark, as well as the potential real-time market influences from additional fighting in Ukraine. 4. Latest cattle numbers: USDA will release its latest Cattle on Feed report Friday, and the market will watch closely for continued signs of tight supplies. Watch for our preview analysis on Feb. 23. 5. Presidential thoughts: Trading markets are closed today, Feb. 20, as is the DTN newsroom, to mark the President's Day holiday. This year, as we remember the birthday of George Washington as well as Abraham Lincoln and others, many thoughts are with our 39th president, James Earl Carter Jr. The former peanut farmer from Plains, Georgia, who at 98 is the longest-lived U.S. president, entered into hospice care Feb. 18.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday February 21, 2023 |

Mexican Ban on Some Biotech Corn Underway Last week, Mexican officials issued a decree calling for a ban on imports of some biotech corn used for certain purposes. That ban began last Friday. The Mexican government also decreed it would continue to allow imports of biotech corn used as animal feed while exploring substitutes. The National Corn Growers Association expressed serious concerns with the accelerated timeline, noting that the administration has been more than patient with Mexico. “Our U.S. officials are seeking to enforce a rules-based trading system and stand up for farmers,” says NCGA President Tom Haag (HAYG). “The integrity of the USMCA, signed by Mexican President Obrador himself, is at stake.” He also says singling out corn, the number one U.S. ag export to Mexico, and hastening an import ban on numerous food-grade uses makes USMCA a dead letter unless it’s enforced. NCGA says Mexico appears to be doubling down on its original intended ban in 2024. *********************************************************************************** EPA Proposes New Rule for Pesticide Exposure Protection The Environmental Protection Agency announced a proposed rule that would improve and modernize the pesticide Application Exclusion Zone requirements. Those requirements are part of the 2015 Agricultural Worker Protection Standard, and the agency is proposing to reinstate several provisions from that standard. Among the changes, the revised standard includes a new provision requiring agricultural employers to keep workers and all others out of an area called the Application Exclusion Zone. The AEZ is an area surrounding an ongoing pesticide application. A previous rule change limited the AEZ to 25 feet in 2020. However, the proposed rule will change that to 100 feet for fine sprays. The distances will stay at 25 feet for medium or larger sprays when sprayed from a height greater than 12 inches from the soil surface. The rule change would also apply the AEZ beyond an establishment’s boundaries, and when individuals are within easements on a producer’s land. *********************************************************************************** EPA Changes Some Dicamba Cutoff Dates for This Spring The Environmental Protection Agency proposed new restrictions on using over-the-top dicamba herbicides in Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, and South Dakota. The label changes say no spraying on dicamba-tolerant soybeans in Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana after June 12 or the V4 growth stage, whichever comes first. No spraying on DT cotton in Iowa, Illinois, or Indiana after June 12 or first square, whichever happens first. No spraying on DT crops after June 20 in South Dakota. The EPA also said Minnesota’s label requirements remain the same as in 2022. The reaction to the change has not been positive in the soybean industry. Aaron Hager, a University of Illinois weed scientist, told DTN the timing couldn’t have been worse for soybean growers who intend to plant certain varieties. “Most or all seed decisions have been made, and now we have to contend with new cutoffs in the largest soybean states in the U.S.,” he says. *********************************************************************************** State Attorneys General File Lawsuit Over WOTUS Montana Attorney General Austin Knudsen (kuh-NOOD-sen) and attorneys general from 23 other states filed a lawsuit against the Biden administration’s Waters of the U.S. Rule. The group says the EPA’s WOTUS rule “goes beyond the power Congress delegated in the Clean Water Act, raises serious constitutional concerns, and runs roughshod over the Administrative Procedures Act.” Knudsen says, “The administration’s water rule limits the use of land and violates the law and U.S. Constitution. The EPA greatly overstepped its authority by trying to claim jurisdiction over land and water not connected to any navigable water.” The attorneys general say they’re fighting to protect farm and ranching operations, mining and energy workers, and infrastructure and housing projects across Montana and the entire country that will be harmed if this overreaching and unconstitutional rule takes effect. Montana and the other states will motion for a preliminary injunction to stop the rule while it’s under litigation. *********************************************************************************** The Fertilizer Institute Releases Sustainability Report The Fertilizer Institute released new data highlighting industry improvements in sustainability performance in key priority areas, including workforce safety, energy, the environment, and innovation. “The industry is continuously working towards more sustainable operations, including efforts to decarbonize and mitigate environmental impacts,” says TFI President and CEO Corey Rosenbusch. Report highlights include survey participants investing an average of more than $1 billion every year in capital investments to help the industry meet sustainability goals. In 2021, the industry captured 31 percent of all CO2 generated per ton of nutrient produced, an increase of 368 percent over emissions captured in 2013. To reduce the industry’s energy footprint, 39 percent of all energy consumed is generated using waste heat rather than pulling from the electrical grid. Nitrogen producers recycled enough water to fill 1.6 million Olympic-sized swimming pools. “Each step of the supply chain is focused on doing more with fewer resources,” Rosenbusch adds. *********************************************************************************** Growth in Farmland Values Continues Growth in farm real estate values remained strong but showed some signs of easing alongside higher interest rates. The Kansas City Federal Reserve says the average interest rates on farm loans increased from record lows at the beginning of last year to decade highs by December of 2022. Despite the rapid rise in rates, the value of farmland continued to increase, but at a more tempered pace than earlier in the year. The growth in farmland values has softened most for lower-priced land and in states most heavily affected by drought. Looking ahead, a majority of bankers expect higher interest rates to have a negative effect on farm real estate, and some anticipate a decline in values. Farm finances and credit conditions were supported by strong commodity prices in 2022, and the outlook for 2023 remained positive despite some persistent risks. Higher expenses and adverse weather continue to be concerning.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday February 21, 2023 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets Back from the three-day weekend, traders will be checking the latest weather forecasts and news. A report on U.S. existing home sales in January is due out at 9 a.m. CST, followed by USDA's weekly grain export inspections at 10 a.m. Weather A conglomeration of upper-level disturbances are combining to make for a long-duration winter storm across the country this week. The lead piece will create some moderate to heavy snow for the Northern Plains and Upper Midwest Tuesday while a piece in the Southwest moves into the Plains overnight with increasing showers and thunderstorms. Winds are on the increase Tuesday, especially in the southwestern Plains where they may gust over 50 mph and be even stronger Wednesday. Meanwhile, the West continues to be pummeled by heavy precipitation and strong winds as well.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday February 17, 2023 |

Partnership to Protect the U.S. from African Swine Fever A new partnership was put in place at the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture Winter Policy Conference. NASDA, the USDA, the National Pork Board, and the National Pork Producers Council are working together to enhance coordination and preparedness to prevent and protect the United States from African swine fever. “When you bring together state, federal, and industry groups with different strengths to take on challenges, you see a united force of resilience on all fronts,” says NASDA CEO Ted McKinney. “This collaboration will lead to better response to outbreaks and better animal health and welfare across the country.” African swine fever hasn’t currently crossed into the U.S. but being prepared to respond and coordinate prevention methods at all levels better ensures the protection of America’s swine herds. “We all play an important role in keeping American agriculture safe and working together enhances our efforts,” says NPPC President Terry Wolters. *********************************************************************************** Positive Reaction to Torres Small Nomination Senate Ag Chair Debbie Stabenow is pleased with the nomination of Xochitl (so-CHEEL) Torres Small to be the new Deputy Secretary of Agriculture at USDA. “As Undersecretary of Rural Development, she gave a voice to the 60 million people who call rural America their home,” she says. “I’ve been impressed with her commitment to addressing challenges in our food supply chain, fighting the climate crisis, and creating good paying jobs in rural America.” The American Farm Bureau Federation also congratulated Torres Small on her nomination. “Her experience with rural America and her time on the House Agriculture Committee give her important perspectives to address the issues facing America’s farmers and ranchers,” says AFB President Zippy Duvall. He also says the organization and its members look forward to working with her to ensure USDA continues to support America’s farmers and their mission to grow safe, affordable food for families across the nation. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Farm Exports to Drop by 12 Percent Over Three Years The USDA projected America’s food and agricultural exports will drop by 12 percent through fiscal year 2026. The erosion will be caused by a global economic slowdown, inflation, higher interest rates, and the strong U.S. dollar. Overall economic conditions are projected to slow U.S. exports quicker than imports, leading to a trade deficit. USDA projections show that exports will drop across the board, but grains and soybeans will get hit the hardest. Reduced export volumes will also mean lower commodity prices. But 2027 is expected to show a rebound in exports. Farm exports were forecast at $190 billion this year, dropping to $166.3 billion in 2026, and then rising to $182.2 billion by 2032, the last year of the ten-year baseline. Imports will also slow down but are expected to recover by 2032. Food and ag imports were forecast at $199.1 billion this year and grow to $200 billion by 2032. *********************************************************************************** USDA Invests $63 Million in High-Speed Internet for Rural Americans Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack says USDA is investing $63 million to bring high-speed internet access to people living and working in rural areas of Illinois, Minnesota, Michigan, and Mississippi. “Investing in high-speed internet is a fundamental part of our partnership with rural communities,” he says. “Connecting rural Americans with reliable internet brings new and innovative ideas to the rest of our country.” The $63 million in grants comes from the third round of funding under the ReConnect Program, in which USDA has invested a total of $1.7 billion. Since the program’s beginning, the agency has invested $3.2 billion to bring high-speed internet access to people in rural communities. The funds will be used for one project in each of the four states. To be eligible for ReConnect Program funding, an applicant must serve an area that lacks access to service speeds of 100 megabits per second downloads and 20 Mbps for uploads. *********************************************************************************** House Ag Chair Comments on CBO Baseline Projections The House Agriculture Committee completed an analysis of the Congressional Budget Office’s farm bill baseline spending estimates. The analysis shows that compared to anticipated mandatory spending under the 2018 Farm Bill, commodity support program support is expected to decrease by 12 percent, while spending on conservation, nutrition, and federal crop insurance are projected to increase by 19 percent, 82 percent, and 26 percent, respectively. Following the projections, House Ag Chair Glenn “GT” Thompson said the CBO baseline underscores what he’s been consistently hearing from producers around the country. “In light of the record-high input costs and volatile markets and weather, improvements to farm policy are necessary and warranted," he says. "Additionally, the roughly 80 percent increase to the baseline for nutrition programs since the last farm bill was enacted, namely due to the Biden Administration’s careless update to the Thrifty Food Plan, furthers the Committee’s obligation to oversight and accountability.” *********************************************************************************** John Deere Continues 80-Year Partnership with FFA John Deere announced a donation of $1 million to the National FFA Organization. The donation will get used to support the growth of future leaders, feed agriculture’s talent pipeline, and honor the organization’s community service efforts. It also builds on the 80-year partnership between John Deere and National FFA. “We are thrilled to continue our partnership with John Deere,” says Molly Ball, president of the National FFA Foundation. “They’ve been unwavering in their support for more than 80 years and continue to see the potential leaders in each one of our members and advisors.” FFA will also be raising funds during Give FFA Day on Thursday, February 23. A donation of any amount from the public will support FFA and agricultural education. It’s a chance to open doors for members to explore their interests and discover fulfilling careers. To get involved or to donate, go to FFA.org on February 23.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday February 17, 2023 |

Friday Watch List Markets There are few government reports other than the Index of Leading Economic Indicators. We will also be watching for any change in South American weather, and any new corn or soybean export sales announced at 8 a.m. We continue to wait for the long-delayed CFTC Commitment of Traders report. Weather A system continues to push off the East Coast on Friday. Much of the hazards associated with the system have ended across the primary growing areas and a quieter day is in store. Temperatures behind the system are largely below-normal though some warmth is returning to the Northern Plains and Canadian Prairies.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday February 16, 2023 |

Biden to Nominate Xochitl Torres Small as USDA Deputy Secretary President Joe Biden Wednesday announced his intent to nominate Xochitl (So-CHEEL) Torres Small to serve as Deputy Secretary of Agriculture at the Department of Agriculture. The Senate confirmed Torres Small to serve as the Under Secretary for Rural Development on October 7, 2021. Before serving as Undersecretary, Torres Small was a Representative for New Mexico's second congressional district, the fifth largest district in the country. As a United States Representative, Torres Small served as a member of the House Agriculture Committee. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack says of the announcement, "Her expertise will further USDA's mission to advance equity and opportunity in and for rural America," adding, "I am fully confident in Under Secretary Torres Small's ability to excel in this essential role at the Department." Upon the conclusion of Deputy Secretary Jewel Bronaugh’s service with USDA, Kevin Shea, APHIS Administrator and a career public servant with more than 40 years at USDA, will serve as Acting Deputy Secretary. *********************************************************************************** Still time to respond to the 2022 Census of Agriculture Farmers and ranchers still have time to be counted in the 2022 Census of Agriculture, according to USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service. Although the deadline for submitting the ag census just passed, NASS will continue to accept completed census questionnaires through the spring to ensure all farmers and ranchers take advantage of the opportunity to be represented in the widely used data. NASS Administrator Hubert Hamer says, "We want all producers to use their voices to help shape the future of American agriculture." NASS will continue to follow up with producers through the spring with mailings, phone calls, and personal visits. Farmers and ranchers are encouraged to complete their ag census online at agcounts.usda.gov or by mail as soon as possible. Federal law mandates that everyone who received the 2022 Census of Agriculture questionnaire complete and return it. The same law requires NASS to keep all submissions confidential. NASS will release the results of the ag census in early 2024. *********************************************************************************** Wheat Product Inflation Outpaced Food Price Inflation in 2022 Consumer prices for wheat-based products were up substantially in 2022 compared to 2021, as indicated by the Consumer Price Index. USDA's Economic Research Service reports that the prices of various wheat products were up more than ten percent from 2021. The increase outpaced the inflation rate in the broader "all food" category, which was up 9.9 percent, more than double the average increase of the previous decade. The average price level across the cereals and bakery products category was up 13 percent in 2022, well above the previous year's increase of 2.3 percent and more than three times as large as any year in the past decade. Flour prices and prepared flour mixes were nearly 19 percent higher in 2022, far exceeding the average from the previous decade. Commodity prices for wheat were elevated in 2021 and 2022, but the increase in prices for wheat-based consumer products did not fully appear until 2022. *********************************************************************************** USGC Launches Corn Sustainability Assurance Protocol The U.S. Grains Council formally launched its Corn Sustainability Assurance Protocol and Sustainable Corn Exports web platform Wednesday. The launch is part of the 20th International Marketing Conference and 63rd Annual Membership Meeting in Savannah, Georgia. The CSAP is a way for U.S. corn producers to provide insights into their sustainable farming practices, continuing to strengthen global sales by highlighting their alignment with increasingly climate-focused markets. The Sustainable Corn Exports web platform complements the CSAP by making it operational. Through the SCE, U.S. corn buyers can issue shipment-specific “Records of Sustainability” to allow overseas corn importers to easily determine and document the compliance of U.S. corn shipments with local sustainability requirements. USGC President and CEO Ryan LeGrand says, “The CSAP is a recognition of farmers’ extraordinary socioeconomic importance, and a way to further improve the appeal of their products with end-users around the world.” *********************************************************************************** Pork Checkoff Reports 2022 Exports Exports of pork and pork products surpassed $7.6 billion and 2.6 million metric tons last year. Those exports added $61.26 to the value of each hog marketed and represented 27.5 percent of production, according to the Pork Checkoff. Pork exports finished 2022 on a decidedly upward trajectory as December shipments reached 244,718 metric tons, up 13 percent year-over-year and the second largest of 2022, slightly below November. The year-end export data was a decrease compared to 2021, which was a record year, of 8.5 percent in volume and five percent in value. December exports also trended higher year-over-year to China/Hong Kong, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines and Australia, and set a value record in Central America. The Mexican market is the shining star and leading volume and value destination for U.S. Pork in 2022, with a volume increase of ten percent at 959.7 metric tons and a value increase of 21 percent at $2,034 billion. *********************************************************************************** John Deere Continues 80-year FFA Partnership with $1 Million Donation Building on 80 years of partnership, John Deere announced a donation of $1 million to the National FFA Organization. The donation will support the growth of future leaders, feed agriculture's talent pipeline, and honor the organization's community service efforts. John Deere is the longest-running sponsor of the National FFA Organization and continues to advocate for FFA, its members, and advisors. National FFA Foundation President Molly Ball says, "For more than 80 years, they've been unwavering in their support and continue to see the potential leaders in each one of our members and our advisors.” In addition to supporting the organization financially, John Deere also has many employees who are former FFA members or supporters of the organization. As a result, they have one of the country's largest FFA Alumni & Supporters chapters. The chapter will be involved during FFA Week, offering members opportunities to participate in activities promoting FFA and supporting local chapters.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday February 16, 2023 |

Thursday Watch List Markets DTN will be watching the initial and continuing jobless claims, producer price index and housing starts, as well as export sales for corn and soybeans, and any weather changes for South America. Weather A system continues to push northeast near the Ohio River on Thursday. A band of snow continues from Nebraska to Michigan while periods of thunderstorms develop near and east of the Mississippi River. Some of these storms could be severe with tornadoes and strong winds.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday February 15, 2023 |

Consumer Price Index Increases The Consumer Price Index rose 0.5 percent in January on a seasonally adjusted basis, after increasing 0.1 percent in December, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported Tuesday. Over the last 12 months, the all-items index increased 6.4 percent before seasonal adjustment. The food index increased 0.5 percent in January, and the food at home index rose 0.4 percent over the month. Four of the six major grocery store food group indexes increased over the month. The index for other food at home rose 0.7 percent in January. The index for meats, poultry, fish, and eggs increased 0.7 percent over the month, as the index for eggs rose 8.5 percent. The index for cereals and bakery products rose 1.0 percent over the month, while the index for nonalcoholic beverages increased 0.4 percent in January. In contrast, the fruits and vegetables index fell 0.5 percent over the month, with the fresh vegetables index declining 2.3 percent. The index for dairy and related products was unchanged in January. *********************************************************************************** New Decree by Mexico Allows for Some GM Corn Imports Mexico officials issued a new decree this week calling for a ban on imports of biotech corn used for certain purposes, effective immediately. The decree also indicated the Mexican government would continue to allow imports of biotech corn used as animal feed while exploring substitutes. Once substitutes are established to satisfy supply needs, all GM corn will be banned. The National Corn Growers Association expressed serious concern with the accelerated implementation timeline. NCGA President Tom Haag says, "Singling out corn – our number one ag export to Mexico – and hastening an import ban on numerous food-grade uses makes USMCA a dead letter unless it's enforced." NCGA continues to call on the Biden administration to initiate a U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement dispute settlement panel regarding the issue. The ban, according to NCGA, would be catastrophic for American corn growers as well as the Mexican people, who depend on corn as a major staple of their food supply. *********************************************************************************** States Considering Grocery Tax Relief Lawmakers in several states are considering tax relief for consumers at the grocery store. Progressive Grocer reports many starts that charge a grocery tax are working to extend, end or change the charges as a form of inflation relief. Mississippi, home to the highest grocery tax in the nation of seven percent, recently proposed a bill to slash the tax rate in half. A poll of Mississippi consumers found 68 percent favor suspending the grocery tax. Meanwhile, Tennessee Governor Bill Lee has considered another grocery tax holiday following a four-week suspension last year. Lee says, "We should do that again this year, but let's extend it to three consecutive months." Earlier this month, Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt proposed to halt the state grocery tax of 4.5 percent. Meanwhile, Missouri lawmakers are considering removal of the one percent grocery tax in the state. Progressive Grocery reports other states are looking at pushing the decision back to municipal governments. *********************************************************************************** Deliveries of Caloric Sweeteners Rising Total caloric sweetener deliveries—an indicator of sweetener consumption in the United States—rose by one percent in 2021 to 127.4 pounds per capita, according to USDA’s Economic Research Service. Annual growth in per capita sweetener deliveries had not been observed since 2014 amid the backdrop of a long-term declining trend that started after peaking at 153.7 pounds in 1999. Growth in 2021 was driven by an increase in refined sugar deliveries per capita, the largest component, which were up 1.9 percent in 2021 at 69.8 pounds and the highest since 1995. The growth countered the 1.2 percent decrease in per capita high-fructose corn syrup deliveries to 39.5 pounds. High-fructose corn syrup deliveries, the other major component, have been steadily decreasing since topping out at 65.9 pounds in 1999, driving the long-term decline in total sweetener deliveries. While per capita deliveries of other caloric sweeteners increased by 2.4 percent in 2021, the volumes have been relatively small, historically hovering at 20 pounds. *********************************************************************************** US Tractor Sales Start 2023 Lower U.S. ag tractor sales finished January 2023 in the negative, while all segments of ag equipment grew in Canada, according to the latest data from the Association of Equipment Manufacturers. Total U.S. ag tractor unit sales fell for January in all segments except one, with 100-plus horsepower two-wheel-drive tractors growing 22.8 percent. U.S. combine sales, however, continued its growth streak, climbing 132.7 percent year-over-year. In Canada, combine harvesters led sales again, up 179.6 percent, moving 137 units in January. Overall unit sales in tractors finished the month up seven percent. Curt Blades of AEM says, "Most of the trends we're seeing in this month's report continue what we saw throughout most of 2022." Blades adds, "However, the industry-wide growth we see in Canada this month is a pleasant sight, and we hope that trends continue and expands to the U.S. market." *********************************************************************************** USDA: Al Gore to Keynote Agriculture Innovation Mission for Climate Summit The Department of Agriculture Tuesday announced Former Vice Preside Al Gore as the opening keynote speaker for the Agriculture Innovation Mission for Climate Summit. The AIM for Climate Summit is scheduled for May 8-10 this year, in Washington, D.C. USDA says the summit will bring together partners to increase and accelerate investment in and support for climate-smart agriculture and food systems innovation. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack says of Gore, "He has been on the forefront of the climate crisis for more than 40 years and is a leader in the international response to combating climate change." Launched at COP26 in 2021, AIM for Climate is an initiative co-led by the United Arab Emirates and the United States that seeks to enable global partnerships and solutions at the intersection of agriculture and climate change. The deadline to submit proposals for these activities is Thursday, February 24. For more details on how to apply, visit the AIM for Climate Summit website.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday February 15, 2023 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets The U.S. Commerce Department's retail sales report for January is due out at 7:30 a.m. CST, followed by the Federal Reserve's report of industrial production in January at 8:15 a.m. The U.S. Energy Department's weekly report of energy inventories will be released at 9:30 a.m. and includes ethanol production. Traders continue to monitor the latest weather forecasts. Weather Showers continue to move through the northern Midwest on Wednesday with some stronger winds across the region that are producing blowing snow and some blizzard conditions in the Upper Midwest. A storm system in the Four Corners area will move through the Southern Plains throughout the day. On the northern side of the track, moderate to heavy snow will develop from Colorado through much of Kansas and southern Nebraska. Strong to severe thunderstorms will develop over southern Texas into the Lower Mississippi Valley later in the day.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday February 14, 2023 |

USDA Unveils Investments for Addressing Water Supply Challenges for Producers in the West The Department of Agriculture Monday announced new investments and strategies to help farmers and ranchers conserve water, address climate change and build drought resilience in the West. The effort is through the Western Water and Working Lands Framework for Conservation Action to address key water and land management challenges across 17 Western States. The framework includes guidelines for identifying vulnerable agricultural landscapes and 13 strategies to help NRCS state leaders, water resource managers, and producers respond to priority challenges. Guided by this new framework, the WaterSMART Initiative will invest $25 million in three new priority areas and 37 existing priority areas, assisting communities and producers in the West. NRCS Chief Terry Cosby says, “USDA is utilizing this framework and all available tools to deliver assistance that the severity of the water supply challenges in the West demand.” From 2020 to 2022, more than $410 million of annual conservation assistance NRCS provided to producers helped address drought in the West. *********************************************************************************** Biden Administration Announces IRA Funding for Climate-Smart Agriculture Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack Monday announced funding for agricultural producers and forest landowners to participate in voluntary conservation programs and adopt climate-smart practices. The Inflation Reduction Act provided an additional $19.5 billion over five years for climate-smart agriculture through several USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service programs. NRCS is making available $850 million in fiscal year 2023 for its oversubscribed conservation programs: the Environmental Quality Incentives Program, Conservation Stewardship Program, Agricultural Conservation Easement Program and Regional Conservation Partnership Program. Secretary Vilsack says, "We know that agriculture plays a critical role in the nation's effort to address climate change." The Inflation Reduction Act funding includes an additional $8.45 billion for EQIP, $4.95 billion for RCPP, $3.25 billion for CSP, and $1.4 billion for ACEP. The increased funding levels begin in fiscal year 2023 and rapidly build over four years. The additional investments are estimated to help hundreds of thousands of farmers and ranchers apply conservation to millions of acres of land. *********************************************************************************** USDA Accepting Applications for Trade Mission to Japan USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service is accepting applications from exporters of U.S. farm and food products for a two-city trade mission to Japan, June 5-8. The trade mission offers U.S. agribusinesses the potential to increase or expand their sales to Japan, one of the United States’ top five agricultural export markets. U.S. exports of agricultural products to Japan exceeded $14.6 billion in 2022. FAS Administrator Daniel B. Whitley says, “This trade mission will help many U.S. agribusinesses establish new business connections with their Japanese counterparts and further expand U.S. agricultural exports to this key Asian market.” Trade mission participants will travel to Tokyo and Osaka, connecting with potential customers and learning first-hand from government and industry leaders about local market conditions. Participants will also visit local retail stores and food manufacturers to round out the program. Applications are due by February 27. Those interested in participating in the trade mission should visit USDA’s FAS website, fas.usda.gov. *********************************************************************************** NCGA: Higher Renewable Fuel Volumes Good Security, Economy and Environment The National Corn Growers Association says higher renewable fuel volumes over the next three years would go a long way in improving energy security. Additionally, NCGA says higher volumes would help lower gas prices and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, according to recent comments submitted by NCGA to the Environmental Protection Agency. The Renewable Fuel Standard requires that U.S. transportation fuel contain a minimum volume of renewable fuel each year. NCGA’s comments were in response to EPA’s proposed volume requirements for 2023, 2024 and 2025. NCGA President Tom Haag says, “NCGA supports EPA’s proposal of annual increases in volumes, including an implied conventional biofuel volume of 15.25 billion gallons, and recognition that ethanol plays a critical role in cutting GHG emissions and our energy security.” NCGA also noted that renewable fuel adds more than 20 billion gallons to the nation’s fuel supply annually, lowering consumer costs, creating rural jobs and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by more than 1 billion metric tons since the RFS was enacted. *********************************************************************************** New Report Predicts Crop Pest and Pathogen Risks Patter Ag Monday released its new Predictive Ag Report. The report can help corn and soybean farmers make better-informed decisions about managing impactful pests and pathogens, according to the company. Specifically, the report provides information about corn rootworm and sudden death syndrome. Pattern Ag operates the world's largest soil metagenomics database, with more than 200 billion DNA reads. The Predictive Ag Report is an anonymized, aggregated analysis of the Pattern Ag data. Available in print or digital form, the report predicts pest and pathogen risks 12 months in advance with more than 90 percent accuracy. This information can help agronomists and farmers make better-informed pest management decisions when selecting seed varieties or crop protection inputs. Pattern Ag plans to make the Predictive Ag Report available annually to help corn and soybean farmers offset economic losses caused by yield-impacting diseases. Farmers can receive a copy of the report by visiting Pattern.ag. *********************************************************************************** Fuel Prices Decline Again, Demand Increases The nation's average gas declined for the second straight week, dropping 7.3 cents from a week ago to $3.37 per gallon. The national average is up 10.9 cents from a month ago and 10.2 cents per gallon lower than a year ago. The national average diesel price fell 7.3 cents last week and stands at $4.52 per gallon. GasBuddy's Patrick De Haan says, “While diesel prices likely have a long way to fall as inventories continue to improve, gasoline prices in some areas have gone up in the last weeks as the transition to summer gasoline is just around the corner.” GasBuddy data shows that gasoline demand has risen for the third straight week, a trend that will likely continue as spring arrives. Also, refinery maintenance season will soon be in full force, likely putting upward pressure on prices. On average, gasoline prices rise between 35 and 85 cents per gallon between March and Memorial Day.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday February 14, 2023 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets The U.S. Labor Department's consumer price index for January is set for 7:30 a.m. CST Tuesday, putting attention back on the likelihood of more rate hikes ahead. Traders will check the latest weather forecasts and pause for a possible export sale announcement at 8 a.m. USDA's Livestock, Dairy and Poultry outlook will be out at 2 p.m. Weather A system that developed across the Central and Southern Plains during the overnight will lift northeast today, providing widespread rainfall from northern Texas into Wisconsin. Rainfall with this system could approach up to one inch in areas. Meanwhile, above average temperatures will persist across the Upper Midwest, Great Lakes, and Upper Mississippi Valley today, with temperatures 10-20 degrees above normal.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday February 13, 2023 |

Key Happenings the Newsroom is Tracking for the Week of Feb. 12-18 Here are the Top 5 things the DTN Newsroom is tracking for the week of Feb. 12. Watch for coverage of these and other topics throughout the week on our subscription platforms as well as on DTNPF.com. 1. Loading up for Louisville: DTN will have several team members at the National Farm Machinery Show in Louisville. Watch for equipment and other updates from the show floor by our Progressive Farmer Senior Editor Dan Miller. We'll also be hosting a series of workshops on site. Ag Meteorologist John Baranick will discuss the latest spring and summer forecast, and Lead Analyst Todd Hultman will give his long-range outlook on the markets. Also, next week Progressive Farmer Senior Editor Joel Reichenberger will be reporting from the World Ag Expo in Tulare, California. 2. Tale of two storms: We'll be watching a pair of storm systems rolling across the U.S. during the week, each bringing the chance of snow and hazardous conditions, as well as short-lived cold snaps in northern areas. 3. Summit Series kick-off: DTN followers are familiar with our industry-leading DTN Ag Summit, historically held in December. They'll also likely know we moved to a totally virtual event in 2022 to allow more access to the thought-provoking speakers and presentations. The next step in that is our Ag Summit Series, which will feature several one-day virtual events throughout the year, culminating in the multi-day DTN Ag Summit in December. Our initial Series event, scheduled for Feb. 28, is "Get Set for Spring." 4. Reports to watch: DTN's commodity analysts team will be watching for further market reaction to crop conditions in South America as well as the potential for yet more escalation in the war in Ukraine. We're also tracking USDA grain export inspections reports on Monday, Tuesday's Consumer Price Index tallies, and Friday's release of the U.S. index of leading economic indicators. 5. And a birthday to note: We're marking the 137th anniversary of Progressive Farmer Magazine, which was Feb. 10 -- a feat we're all pretty proud of around here. If you haven't seen February's "The Art of Planting" issue, with a focus on getting that planter ready for spring.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday February 13, 2023 |

Another Record Year for Farm Exports The American agriculture sector posted its best export year ever in 2022. USDA says international sales of America’s farm and food products reached $196 billion. Final trade data from the U.S. Commerce Department showed U.S. ag exports increased 11 percent, or $19.5 billion, from the previous record set in 2021. The value of sales increased in all of America’s top ten ag export markets, including China, Mexico, Canada, Japan, the European Union, South Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines, Columbia, and Vietnam. Sales in seven of the ten countries set new records. The top U.S. commodity exports in 2022 were soybeans, corn, beef, dairy, cotton, and tree nuts. International sales of many products, including soybeans, cotton, dairy, beef, ethanol, poultry, soybean meal, distilled spirits, and distillers’ grains, all reached record values. “Overall, there were 30 markets where U.S. exports exceeded $1 billion in 2022, up from 27 in 2021,” says Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack. *********************************************************************************** Chicago Fed: 2022 Farmland Values Jumped 12 Percent The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago released its quarterly “Ag Letter,” showing that the district saw a strong annual increase of 12 percent in farmland values during 2022. The Fed says although the result may seem like a letdown after the even larger increase in 2021, last year’s annual gain was the second-largest in the past ten years. During the final quarter of 2022, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Wisconsin still had double-digit year-over-year increases in their agricultural land values. But Indiana was the only District state to have an increase larger than the fourth quarter of 2021. Stronger agricultural credit conditions for the District also contributed to farmers’ optimism. The share of the District’s farm loan portfolio assessed as having “major” or “severe” repayment problems was 1.2 percent in the fourth quarter of last year, lower than the share reported in any final quarter since data collection began in 1998. *********************************************************************************** Senators Ask President Biden to Address Brazil’s Tariff on U.S. Ethanol Senators Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota and Chuck Grassley of Iowa sent a letter to President Biden urging him to use an upcoming meeting with Brazil’s president to discuss the country’s tax on U.S. ethanol imports. The letter comes after Brazil’s Foreign Trade Chamber reinstated an import tariff on American ethanol shipped to Brazil. The new 16 percent tariff rate, which will increase to 18 percent in 2024, is a sharp departure from the zero percent tariff rate previously shared between the two nations. “Our American ethanol industry should not be subject to prohibitive tariff and non-tariff barriers while Brazilian ethanol producers enjoy duty-free access to our market and biodiesel programs,” the senators said in the letter. “We believe this imbalance in tariffs and access to Brazil’s biofuels program is unwarranted and unfair, and we urge you to discuss this issue with the president directly.” Eight other senators signed on to the letter. *********************************************************************************** Hurricane Ian Caused Over $1 billion in Damages A University of Florida report says Hurricane Ian caused just over $1 billion in agricultural production losses. The biggest hits were to the citrus industry, vegetable growers, and melon producers. The new report from the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences set the estimated overall production losses at $1.03 billion. That number includes $247.1 million in damages for citrus growers, $204.6 million for vegetable and melon growers, and $195.4 million for the nursery and greenhouse industries. “The main takeaway is that there was a very significant production loss,” says Christa Court, the director of the IFAS Economic Impact Analysis Program. “These are estimates, but some of the crops aren’t at their final harvest stage.” As a result, she also says it remains to be seen what actually happens when they get to that final harvest. The report also estimates that field and row crops sustained $130.2 million in production losses from the hurricane. *********************************************************************************** The University of Minnesota Progressing on ASF Research University of Minnesota researchers are at the forefront of successful efforts to work on the African Swine Fever virus. They’re developing and validating a surrogate virus for ASF that will help develop effective mitigation strategies to control the virus and keep it from entering North America. African Swine Fever has devastated pig populations and pork production in countries around the world. The lab is one of only a handful of facilities in the U.S. to have access to the highly contagious ASF virus, and its work represents a major breakthrough in research efforts. In addition to working directly on the African Swine Fever Virus, the surrogate virus is strikingly similar to ASF in terms of its structure and stability. It can be safely used in field studies to help scientists understand more about how the virus is transmitted in real-world conditions and what strategies are effective to prevent its spread. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Wants Science From Mexico on GMO Corn Ban Doug McKalip, the new agriculture trade boss in the U.S. Trade Representative’s Office, says he’s given Mexico until February 14 to explain the science behind the country’s planned ban on GMO corn imports. Market Screener says the response will help the agency decide the next steps to resolve the long-running disagreement over Mexico’s biotechnology policies when it comes to agriculture. The next steps could include escalating the dispute settlement process under the USMCA. If it continues, the dispute threatens to disrupt the billions of dollars worth of corn trade between the United States and Mexico. McKalip says Mexico rejected 14 agricultural product traits that were submitted to them, and they didn’t provide any justification. “We want to make sure that they do the science, show their work, and make decisions based upon risk assessments,” he says. U.S. officials recently warned Mexican officials that America may take formal steps under USMCA.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday February 13, 2023 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, traders will follow up news concerning Friday's close call of Russian missiles near NATO territory and any related events in Ukraine, as well as take a look at the latest weather forecasts. USDA's weekly report of grain export inspections is due at 10 a.m. CST. Financial markets may turn quiet Monday afternoon, ahead of Tuesday consumer price index for January. Weather A system will develop across the Central and Southern Plains Monday into Monday night, providing widespread rainfall from northern Texas into southern Nebraska. Rainfall with this system will generally remain light, but isolated areas across north-central Texas and south-central Oklahoma could see up to a half inch of rain through Monday night. Meanwhile, above average temperatures will persist across the Northern Plains and Upper Midwest today, with temperatures 10-15 degrees above normal.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday February 10, 2023 |

Senators Reintroduce Bill to Defend Cattle Producers Senators Jon Tester, Chuck Grassley, and Mike Rounds reintroduced their “Meat Packing Special Investigator Act” to fight consolidation and enforce the national anti-trust laws. The bill would create the “Office of the Special Investigator for Competition Matters” within the USDA. The office would be made up of a team of investigators that have subpoena power and would be responsible for targeting and preventing anti-competitive practices among large players in the meat and poultry industries. “Anti-competitive behavior in the meat packing industry hurts both consumers and producers,” Rounds says. “Unfortunately, packer concentration in the beef industry today is more consolidated than it was when the Packers and Stockyards Act was first signed into law over 100 years ago.” Only four companies operate 18 of the top 20 beef slaughter facilities in the country. “It’s time we beef up the available tools to protect farm families and folks at the meat counter,” said Grassley. *********************************************************************************** Beef Exports Set Records in 2022, Pork Finishes Strong American beef exports set records for both volume and value in 2022. Despite slowing toward the end of the year, beef exports reached 1.47 million metric tons, two percent above the previous high in 2021. Export value climbed to a record $11.68 billion, 10 percent higher than in 2021 and 40 percent above the previous five-year average. “Last year was a groundbreaking year for American beef’s international presence, with global demand stronger than I’ve seen in all my years,” says Dan Halstrom, President and CEO of the U.S. Meat Export Federation. Pork exports finished lower year-over-year, but the export value was the third-largest on-record. Pork exports were trending higher as December shipments reached 244,718 metric tons, up 13 percent year-over-year and the second-largest of 2022. Higher December numbers pushed 2022 exports to 2.67 million metric tons, 8.5 percent below the previous year. Export value dropped five percent to $7.68 billion. *********************************************************************************** AFBF Responds to Falling Farm Income Report While American families are dealing with record-high grocery prices, farm families can expect to see a drop in income during 2023. American Farm Bureau Federation economists analyzed the Farm Income Forecast in their latest Market Intel Report, noting that income will fall 16 percent this year while costs will rise over four percent. “The farm income forecast is a stark reminder that American farmers and ranchers aren’t reaping benefits from higher grocery store prices,” says AFBF President Zippy Duvall. “While some commodity prices are rising, farmers are being hit by circumstances beyond their control, which is why the farm bill is so important and must get passed this year.” Adding to the challenges are rising interest rates and farm-sector debt that will increase by $31.9 billion to a record $535 billion. “Farm bill programs enable farmers to manage the risk and weather the challenges to continue feeding America’s families,” Duvall adds. *********************************************************************************** Officials to Reintroduce Bill to Expand and Strengthen Local Meat Processing Representatives Chellie Pingree of Maine and Jim Baird of Indiana, along with Senators John Thune of South Dakota and Sherrod Brown of Ohio, plan to reintroduce legislation to support small meat and poultry processors. The “Strengthening Local Processors Act” will diversify and make U.S. meat processing more resilient by giving local livestock producers more options. “One of the top concerns from livestock producers is difficulty in accessing USDA processing facilities,” Pingree says. “Their livelihoods depend on having somewhere to take their animals, but their options are severely limited in the current system.” The legislation would create a competitive grant program for small and very small establishments, state-inspected facilities, custom-exempt facilities, or new small-scale slaughter facilities to help increase processing capacity and grow resiliency. It will also create two new grant programs for meat processing workforce training. “This legislation will bolster local production and provide education and training,” Brown says. *********************************************************************************** Brazil Ties U.S. as Top Corn Exporter The USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service says Brazil’s 2022-2023 corn exports from October through September of last year are forecast to equal those of the U.S. at 51 million tons. Brazil has seen expanding production and strong exports in the second half of its 2021-2022 marketing year. Brazil’s corn exports have exceeded those of the U.S. only one time, in the drought year of 20112-2013. Since October 2022, Brazil has exported about 25 million tons of corn, far more than the same period in any previous year. U.S. corn exports are off to a slow start. Production in 2022-2023 was smaller than initially expected, and logistical concerns on the Mississippi River made things difficult. In the last several months, Brazil has stepped in to fill some of the gap left by Argentina and Ukraine in supplying the world’s corn. But current export bids for U.S. corn are lower than Argentina and Brazil. *********************************************************************************** NFU Hosting College Conference on Cooperatives The National Farmers Union will host the College Conference on Cooperatives in Minneapolis, Minnesota, February 16-19. During the three days, participants will hear from experts in the field of cooperatives, participate in interactive learning activities and workshops, and tour co-ops in the Twin Cities. The event attracts students from across the country and is beneficial to those new to co-ops, as well as those with some previous co-op education. “NFU history is rooted in the cooperative movement, and our future is too,” says NFU President Rob Larew. “The college is a glowing example of the value Farmers Union provides to our members and their communities.” Participants will hear from a variety of speakers from local and national co-ops. The keynote luncheon will feature an address from Megan Rock, the Chief Sustainability Officer and Vice President of Sustainability and Innovation with CHS Inc. Interested students can find out more at nfu.org.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday February 10, 2023 |

Friday Watch List Markets The University of Michigan's index of U.S. consumer sentiment is set for 9 a.m. CST Friday, followed by the U.S. Treasury's report on the January federal budget. Traders will continue to monitor the latest weather forecasts and pay attention to news from outside markets. Weather The cold front to a system this week has hung up in the Southeast and will continue to produce showers on Friday. Outside of some spotty showers going through the Northeast, the rest of the country will be dry. It is a little colder than in previous days, but still rather mild for most areas of the country for mid-February.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday February 9, 2023 |

USDA Releases February WASDE Report The Department of Agriculture Released the February World Agricultural Supply and Demand Report Wednesday. This month's 2022/23 U.S. corn outlook is for lower corn used for ethanol and larger ending stocks. Corn used for ethanol is reduced 25 million bushels. The season-average corn price received by producers was unchanged at $6.70 per bushel. The soybean outlook projects lower soybean crush and higher ending stocks. Soybean crush is forecast at 2.23 billion bushels, down 15 million from last month on lower domestic soybean meal disappearance and a higher soybean meal extraction rate. The season-average soybean price for 2022/23 is forecast at $14.30 per bushel, up 10 cents from last month. The supply and demand outlook for wheat is largely unchanged this month, with minor revisions to domestic use and ending stocks. The season-average farm price is forecast $0.10 per bushel lower at $9.00, based on prices received to date and expectations for cash prices for the remainder of 2022/23. *********************************************************************************** USDA: Electric Vehicles Force Ethanol Demand Lower A new report from USDA's Economic Research Service suggests ethanol demand may decline with the rise of electric vehicles. The Global Demand for Fuel Ethanol Through 2030 report suggests that global gasoline demand is expected to stagnate over the next decade, leaving changes in blend rates as the main determinant for future changes in fuel ethanol demand. After seeing strong growth for several years, U.S. ethanol-based demand for corn has plateaued over the last decade at about 5 billion bushels, or roughly 40 percent of U.S. corn production. Recently, demand for transportation fuels was reduced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Though these markets largely recovered, moving forward, increased adoption of hybrid or electric vehicles and continued fuel efficiency gains will decrease domestic gasoline consumption, which could decrease domestic fuel ethanol demand. These impacts could result in additional unutilized U.S. ethanol production capacity. The 114-page study is available on the Economic Research Service website, ers.usda.gov. *********************************************************************************** Below Average Runoff Continues for Upper Missouri River Basin The updated 2023 calendar year runoff forecast for the Missouri River Basin above Sioux City, Iowa, continues to be below average. January runoff in the Missouri River Basin above Sioux City was 1.1 million acre-feet, 134 percent of average. Runoff was above average due to warmer-than-normal temperatures in the upper basin resulting in some snowmelt runoff. Precipitation in January was below normal for most of the upper basin except for southern South Dakota, which saw above-normal precipitation. The 2023 calendar year runoff forecast above Sioux City is 21.1-million-acre feet, 82 percent of average. The runoff forecast is based on current soil moisture conditions, plains snowpack, mountain snowpack, and long-term precipitation and temperature outlooks. At the start of the 2023 runoff season, which typically begins around March 1, the total volume of water stored in the Missouri River Mainstem Reservoir System is expected to be 46.0 million-acre-feet, 10.1 million below the top of the carryover multiple-use zone. *********************************************************************************** NAEDA Launches Membership Engagement Platform The North American Equipment Dealers Association recently announced the launch of its new members-only dealer engagement platform, NAEDA Community. The social and communications platform will provide a central place for dealers to connect, collaborate, learn, and share. NAEDA was formed in 2022 with the recent merger of the Equipment Dealers Association, the Midwest-SouthEastern Equipment Dealers Association, the United Equipment Dealers Association and the Western Equipment Dealers Association. With this merger now firmly in place, NAEDA is looking to enhance its communications efforts with its 4000+ dealer members across North America. NAEDA CEO Kim Rominger says, “We are confident this exciting communications tool will drive engagement, help us promote our programs and services and improve the member experience with our association." NAEDA members can find the community at www.naedacommunity.com. Dealers are encouraged to share the NAEDA community with the rest of their organization so they can have the opportunity to sign up and stay connected. *********************************************************************************** ARS Scientists Improve Nutrients and add Value to Rice Crop Rice, already the primary staple for half the world’s population, is getting a makeover from a research team in New Orleans, Louisiana. The results are a more healthful grain and many potential new products. The team, based in the Agricultural Research Service’s Southern Regional Research Center, is making rice a more valuable commodity by developing new technologies that capitalize on the grain’s natural health benefits. Research chemist Stephen Boue says, "We're interested in processing treatments that enhance resistant starch and other bioactive components." Studies are underway to determine Bioactive compound's role in the prevention of cancer, heart disease, and other diseases. One such development is a rice variety that is more beneficial to human health. Rice contains 76–78 percent starch, and cooked rice typically contains one or two percent of starch that resists digestion, but the newer rice varieties have eight to ten percent resistant starch, or more. Resistant starch is not digested in the small intestine; rather, it passes through to the large intestine, where it ferments and produces beneficial metabolites. *********************************************************************************** Price of Chicken Wings Easing in Time for the Big Games Retail prices for chicken wings have been trending lower in recent months and in time for national sporting events such as the upcoming Super Bowl and the college basketball championship tournaments. Previously, a combination of limited supplies and strong demand led to a historic runup in wholesale and retail prices. Wholesale chicken wing prices reached a peak of $3.25 per pound in late May 2021, but retail prices continued to climb. At the start of the 2022 March Madness basketball tournament, the national average retail feature price was estimated at $4.29 per pound. Nearly a year later and just ahead of the 2023 Super Bowl and basketball tournament, the national average feature price is down nearly $1.70 per pound to $2.62, according to USDA’s Economic Research Service. The average wholesale price in December 2022 was 89 cents per pound, down more than $2.50 per pound from the 2021 peak.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday February 9, 2023 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report will be out at 7:30 a.m. CST Thursday, the same time as weekly U.S. jobless claims and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. At 9:30 a.m., the U.S. Energy Department will release its weekly report of natural gas storage. Traders will continue to keep an eye on South American weather and will pause at 8 a.m. to see if USDA has a new export sale. Outside markets continue to monitor corporate earnings season. Weather A storm system moving through the Midwest is bringing a wide band of precipitation through the region on Thursday, including a wintry mix on the backside that will lead to some moderate snow accumulation from northern Missouri through southern Wisconsin. Winds are increasing around the system as well as out in the Plains where an upper-level trough is moving in behind the system, bringing somewhat cooler air. Southeastern areas will see a cold front hang up with more showers continuing there as well.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday February 8, 2023 |

Farm Sector Profits Forecast to Fall in 2023 USDA's Economic Research Service released the February Farm Income Forecast Tuesday. Net farm income, a broad measure of profits, is forecast at $136.9 billion in calendar year 2023, a decrease of $25.9 billion, or 15.9 percent, relative to 2022. After adjusting for inflation, net farm income is forecast to decrease $30.5 billion, or 18.2 percent, in 2023. Despite the expected decline, net farm income in 2023 would be 26.6 percent above its 20-year average of $108.1 billion in inflation-adjusted dollars. Net cash farm income is forecast at $150.6 billion in 2023, a decrease of $39.4 billion, or 20.7 percent, relative to 2022. Cash receipts from the sale of agricultural commodities are forecast to decrease by $23.6 billion from a forecast record high of $543.4 billion in 2022 to $519.9 billion in 2023. Also contributing to the forecast of lower income in 2023 are lower direct Government payments and higher production expenses. Average net cash farm income for farm businesses is forecast to decrease 17.7 percent from 2022 to $92,400 per farm in 2023. *********************************************************************************** Improvement in Farmer Sentiment Carries Over into 2023 The Purdue University-CME Group Ag Economy Barometer Index rose again in January, to a reading of 130, four points above its 2022 year-end index value. The January survey results also pushed the index 34 percent above its 2022 low point, which occurred last June. The barometer's modest rise in January was primarily attributable to better expectations for the future as the Future Expectations Index rose five points to 127 while the Index of Current Conditions, with a value of 136, changed little compared to December. The Financial Performance Index dropped to 93 this month, down from 109 in December, but that primarily reflects producers' being asked to look ahead to 2023 and compare it to 2022 rather than comparing 2022 to 2021. Of the 400 respondents, 22 percent expect to have a larger farm operating loan than in 2022, which was down somewhat from last January when 27 percent of respondents expected to have a larger operating loan. *********************************************************************************** Record Cattle Prices Possible in 2023 USDA’s January 1 cattle inventory report places the total number of cattle and calves at 89.3 million head, consistent with trade expectations for a three percent decline from a year ago. The decline comes as cattle producers face a fourth consecutive year of contraction within the cattle cycle. That’s approaching inventory lows last seen in 2014 and 2015, at the start of the current cycle, when producers began rebuilding following the drought in 2012. Beef production is anticipated to be 6.5 percent lower in 2023 than last year. University of Illinois Economist Jason Franken suggested that all things considered, prices in 2023 are likely to exceed those of the last couple of years. Current conditions are even bringing about speculation on the possibility of exceeding record prices last set in the 4th quarter of 2014. Franken says that seems feasible for fat cattle, which are already trading around $156 per hundredweight. *********************************************************************************** House Agriculture Democrats Announce Subcommittee Leaders The top Democrat on the House Agriculture Committee announced the ranking subcommittee members Tuesday. David Scott of Georgia is the ranking member of the Committee during this session of Congress, after serving as chair in the Democrat majority in the last session. Scott announced Ohio’s Shontel Brown as the ranking member of the Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit. Oregon's Andrea Salinas will serve as the top Democrat on the Subcommittee on Forestry, and Virginia's Abigail Spanberger is the ranking member of the Subcommittee on Conservation, Research, and Biotechnology. Meanwhile, Connecticut's Jahana Hayes will be the top Democrat on the Subcommittee on Nutrition, Foreign Agriculture, and Horticulture, and California’s Jim Costa assumes the same role on the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry. Finally, Yadiro Caraveo of Colorado will serve as the ranking member of the Subcommittee on Commodity Markets, Digital Assets, and Rural Development. *********************************************************************************** Vilsack Visiting North Carolina This Week Following Tuesday's State of the Union Address, Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack is visiting North Carolina Wednesday and Thursday. Vilsack is hosting a series of events "underlining how the Biden-Harris Administration is delivering on its promises to grow the economy from the bottom up and the middle out by investing in rural communities." Vilsack visits Greensboro Wednesday to host a panel discussion highlighting the major investment being made by USDA to expand markets for America's climate-smart commodities. During the visit, Secretary Vilsack will also visit an agricultural facility and see firsthand some of the innovative, cutting-edge work that will be supported in the area by this investment. On Thursday, Secretary Vilsack will visit Raleigh, where he will host a panel discussion underlining the significant and transformative investments made by USDA to bolster infrastructure in rural North Carolinian communities. Investing in essential infrastructure like high-speed broadband, water infrastructure, and more is a pillar of USDA's efforts to create a "circular economy" in rural North Carolina and beyond. *********************************************************************************** USDA Developing New Ways to Track COVID in Wild and Domestic Animals Scientists with USDA’s Agricultural Research Service are developing new tests to identify and track the COVID virus in wild and domestic animals. Funded by the American Rescue Plan, USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service is implementing $300 million to conduct monitoring and surveillance of susceptible animals for the COVID virus. Through the initiative, ARS, in partnership with APHIS, is conducting five research projects to improve its understanding of the virus and to help APHIS accomplish its goal of building an early warning system to potentially prevent or limit the next zoonotic disease outbreak or global pandemic. Two of the projects call for developing easy-to-use field tests to quickly identify COVID infection in wildlife and domestic animals. Currently, all official testing of animals for COVID requires sending samples to certified laboratories and can take a week or more to provide answers. This may be too long to prevent early spread of infection.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday February 8, 2023 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets The U.S. Energy Department will release its weekly inventory report at 9:30 a.m. CST, including ethanol production. At 11 a.m., USDA releases its WASDE report with this month's attention largely on South American production estimates. Traders will keep watch over the latest weather forecasts and other outside news. Weather A storm continues to build over Texas early Wednesday morning. The storm center should push northeast into the Midwest later in the day Wednesday. Widespread precipitation in Texas will translate northeast with the storm throughout the day, bringing some heavy amounts and potential for severe weather into the Delta as well. Some snow will mix in on the northern side of the track as the band gets into the Midwest from eastern Kansas into Iowa overnight. Strong winds will start to develop near the low center in the Midwest and Delta tonight into Thursday as well.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday February 7, 2023 |

USDA Forecasts 2023 Net Farm Income to Fall 16% From 2022 But Remain Above 20-Year Average USDA's Economic Research Service expects 2023 farm incomes to decline nearly 16% compared to 2022 due to lower cash receipts, smaller government payments and higher production expenses. On Tuesday, the agency forecast total net farm income at $136.9 billion for the 2023 calendar year. After adjusting for inflation, it'd be the fifth-highest net farm income since 2002. Net cash income, which doesn't include economic depreciation, changes in inventories and the cost of operator dwellings, is forecast to decline nearly 21% relative to 2022, to $150.6 billion. Matt Bennett, an Illinois farmer and co-founder of brokerage and consulting firm AgMarket.Net, said he doesn't know what the market's going to do in 2023. "What I do know is this is the most expensive corn crop the U.S. farmer will have ever put in the ground," he told DTN on the sidelines of AgMarket.Net's Farming for Profit, Not Price conference. "We run that risk that if the market ends up turning us out, we could be in a situation where we could be underwater even with phenomenal yields." He shared similar projections from the University of Illinois Farmdoc team, which called for an average return of $72 per acre of corn grown on high-productivity Illinois soil. While that's significantly lower than the last two years' $300-plus-per-acre returns, it's significantly better than what farmers saw from 2017 to 2019. For farmers, it's important to consider their crop insurance and marketing strategies carefully in 2023, adding that there are ways to lock in more than $72 per acre in profit right now using various strategies. "A person needs to make sure they're not making marketing decisions about 2023 based on how much money they made in 2021 and '22," Bennett said. "Look at 2023 as a standalone year." CASH RECEIPTS Overall cash receipts are expected to decline by $23.6 billion, or 4.3%, from 2022. USDA said cash receipts for crops, particularly corn and soybeans, are expected to contribute $8.9 billion to the decline, while lower animal and animal product receipts are expected to account for $14.7 billion, following lower prices for milk, eggs, broilers and hogs. USDA says there are two factors that influence the change in cash receipts from year to year: changes in prices and changes in quantities. "In 2023, falling prices are expected to account for most of the decline in cash receipts," the agency states. PRODUCTION EXPENSES Farm sector production expenses, which include operator dwellings, are expected to increase by $18.2 billion from 2022 to $459.5 billion in 2023. While that sets a record in nominal dollars, it remains below 2014's record high when adjusted for inflation. "Most of the production expense categories are projected to remain above their 2021 levels in 2023, in both nominal and inflation-adjusted dollars," USDA said. Feed costs remain the biggest line item at $72.7 billion. Although that's $3.9 billion less than 2022, it comes on the heels of an $11.3 billion increase in the prior year. Fertilizer, lime and soil conditioners are the second-largest expenses category at $42.2 billion, just shy of 2022's record high of $42.5 billion. USDA notes considerable increases in farmers' interest expenses, up more than 22% from the year before, as well as labor costs, which are expected to grow 7% from 2022. Fuel and rent expenses are expected to decline in 2023. Fuel expenses are projected to fall nearly 15% to $3 billion due to lower U.S. Energy Information Agency forecast diesel prices. USDA says net rent is expected to decline $1.6 billion, or 8.2%. "If realized, this decline would be the first reduction in net rent since 2018 and, in part, reflects the forecast decline in net income." GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS At $10.2 billion, government payments are anticipated to be 34.4% lower than 2022 due to lower supplemental ad hoc disaster assistance. These payments include farm program payments, such as the Agricultural Risk Coverage (ARC) program and Price Loss Coverage (PLC) program but exclude USDA loans and insurance indemnity payments made by the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation. USDA noted that government payments hit a record high of $45.6 billion in calendar year 2020, before declining to $25.9 billion in 2021 and $15.6 billion in 2022. Much of this is due to lower payments from COVID-19-era programs, such as the Coronavirus Food Assistance Program (CFAP), the Paycheck Protection Program, the Emergency Relief Program and the Emergency Livestock Relief Program. Conservation program payments are expected to total $4 billion in 2023, up nearly half a million dollars from the previous year. Farm bill commodity program payments under ARC and PLC are expected to decline more than 81% from 2022 to $303.4 million due to higher commodity prices.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday February 7, 2023 |

Senators Urge USDA to Address Avian Flu Immediately A group of Senators urges the Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service to take swift action to address the ongoing avian influenza outbreak. The lawmakers ask Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack to quickly use funds provided by Congress in the Fiscal Year 2023 Agriculture Appropriations bill. Led by Senator Tammy Baldwin, a Wisconsin Democrat, the lawmakers say, "it is imperative the agency quickly deploy additional resources and work with the states in improving biosecurity measures within the avian supply chain, including the disinfection of sites and the testing and quarantining of affected flocks." As of January 31, 2023, APHIS confirmed avian flu had been found in 745 flocks in 47 states, and affected over 58 million birds, directly contributing to rising egg prices. In the Fiscal Year 2023 Omnibus Appropriations Act, Congress provided an increase in annual funding to address the avian influenza outbreak, including over $64 million for improving avian health, and updated guidance on proactively mitigating the spread of disease. *********************************************************************************** Lawmakers Introduce Rural Internet Improvement Act A bipartisan group of Senators recently introduced legislation to merge USDA broadband programs. New Mexico Democrat Ben Ray Luján and South Dakota Republican John Thune reintroduced the Rural Internet Improvement Act. The legislation would streamline and bolster USDA Rural Development broadband programs and ensure their funding is targeted to rural areas that need it the most. Senator Thune says, "Our bipartisan legislation would help bridge the digital divide by improving USDA's ReConnect Program to ensure its funding goes to truly unserved areas.” The Rural Internet Improvement Act would: merge and codify the popular Rural e-Connectivity Pilot Program, or ReConnect program, with USDA’s traditional broadband loan and grant program. The legislation would also ensure ReConnect funding is going to areas most in need of reliable broadband service by limiting funding to areas where at least 90 percent of households lack access to broadband service. Finally, the bill would Improve coordination between USDA and the Federal Communications Commission on broadband programs. *********************************************************************************** Cow-calf Producers with Larger Paddocks Rotate Cattle Less Frequently USDA’s Economic Research Service reports that as average paddock size increases, farmers and ranchers tend to rotate their cattle less frequently. Rotational grazing systems rotate animals among a series of paddocks, or fenced pasture areas, allowing forage to recover before returning the cattle to graze in that spot again. A key decision for ranchers that affects forage growth is the number of rotations for a given number of paddocks. A large portion, 84 percent, of operations with small paddocks of 19 acres or less, rotated their cattle so that each paddock had four or more rotations per year. Intensive rotational grazing systems use an average grazing period of 14 or fewer days per paddock. In contrast, researchers found that about 52 percent of operations using large paddocks of 40 acres or more rotated cattle four or more times per year. The pattern of smaller paddocks and more rotations was even more evident for basic rotational grazing operations, which use an average grazing period longer than 14 days. *********************************************************************************** Bayer, Kimitec, Partner on Commercializing Biologicals Bayer and Kimitec announced a new strategic partnership focused on accelerating the development and commercialization of biological crop protection solutions and biostimulants. As part of a global agreement, both companies will become key partners to advance and establish biological solutions derived from natural sources: crop protection products that address pests, diseases and weeds, as well as biostimulants to promote plant growth. Kimitec operates Europe's largest biotechnological innovation hub with 15 years of experience in researching and discovering natural molecules and compounds for agriculture. By leveraging Bayer's product development expertise with Kimitec's proven discovery capabilities, biological product development will be accelerated to build integrated crop management solutions that can scale and develop through Bayer's global infrastructure backbone. This includes field testing, product support and commercialization. Dr. Robert Reiter, Head of R&D for Bayer's Crop Science division, says, “Bayer is committed to providing growers with the benefits of biological solutions as part of an integrated crop management system.” *********************************************************************************** Students to Celebrate Agriculture and Leadership Around the Country This month, FFA members around the country will celebrate agriculture and FFA during National FFA Week. Whether through service projects or community gatherings, National FFA Week is a time for FFA members to raise awareness about the National FFA Organization's role in developing future leaders and the importance of agricultural education. National FFA Week always runs from Saturday to Saturday and encompasses February 22, George Washington's birthday. This year, the week kicks off on February 18 and culminates on Saturday, February 25. The National FFA Board of Directors designated the weeklong tradition, which began in 1948, to recognize Washington's legacy as an agriculturist and farmer. A group of young farmers founded FFA in 1928, and the organization has been influencing generations that agriculture is more than planting and harvesting — it involves science, business and more. National FFA Week is a time for FFA members to share agriculture with their fellow students and communities. *********************************************************************************** Fuel Prices Decline for the First Time in 2023 For the first time in 2023, the nation's average gas price posted a weekly drop, falling 4.4 cents from a week ago to $3.44 per gallon. The national average is up 17.5 cents from a month ago and 1.7 cents per gallon higher than a year ago. The national average diesel price fell 5.2 cents last week and stands at $4.60 per gallon. Still, GasBuddy reports U.S. retail gasoline demand rose 2.2 percent last week. GasBuddy’s Patrick De Haan says, “While the decline in both gasoline and diesel prices is terrific, it’s not unusual to see prices falling in February, which tends to be the month with some of the lowest gasoline prices of the year thanks to seasonally weak demand.” For diesel, De Haan says we’re likely to see more declines, and potentially much more significant ones in the weeks ahead as imports of distillate have accelerated, leading to a sell-off.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday February 7, 2023 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets At 7:30 a.m. CST Tuesday, the U.S. Census Bureau will display the trade deficit for December and provide USDA with export data to be released later Tuesday morning. At 8 a.m., Statistics Canada's Stocks of Principal Field Crops for December 31 will be out. Later Tuesday, Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell speaks to the Economic Club of Washington and may offer more clues for what the Fed is planning. Trading in grains may turn quiet at some point as traders await USDA's WASDE report on Wednesday. Weather A storm system is forming along a boundary in eastern Texas on Tuesday, with increasing precipitation in the region throughout the day. Another system is passing through the Midwest and may bring some showers there, but most of the rest of the country will be rather dry and mild.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday February 6, 2023 |

FAO Food Price Index Continues to Decline The February FAO Food Price Index averaged 131.2 points in January 2023, down 1.1 points, or 0.8 percent, from December, marking the 10th consecutive monthly decline. With this latest decline, the index has fallen 28.6 points, 17.9 percent, from its peak in March 2022. The Cereal Price Index averaged 147.4 points in January, up fractionally from December and 6.7 points above its level one year ago. The Vegetable Oil Price Index averaged 140.4 points in January, down 2.9 percent month-on-month and nearly 25 percent below its level a year ago. The Dairy Price Index averaged 136.2 points in January, down 1.4 percent from December, hitting its lowest level in 12 months. The decline in January reflected lower international prices of butter and milk powders. The Meat Price Index averaged 113.6 points in January, down marginally in December, continuing the decline for the seventh consecutive month, but it still stood 1.3 percent above its year-earlier level. Finally, the Sugar Price Index averaged 115.8 points in January, down 1.1 percent from December. *********************************************************************************** Food Dollar’s Property Income Share Remained at Historic High in 2021 In 2021, the average dollar spent by U.S. consumers on domestically produced food returned 39.4 cents as property income. Property income is income received by owners of capital assets such as land, equipment, and intellectual property after they pay for inputs, labor, and output taxes. The 39.4 cents as property income marked a 0.3-cent increase from a revised 2020 estimate of 39.1 cents and the second year in a row in which property income's share of the food dollar set a record high for USDA Economic Research Service's Food Dollar Series. The share of the food dollar that compensates labor through salaries and benefits was 50.3 cents in 2021, a 1.2-cent decrease from 2020. The remaining food dollar shares were each at 5.1 cents for output taxes and imports, which include imported ingredients and other inputs needed for domestic food production. Annual shifts in the primary factor shares of the food dollar may occur for a variety of reasons, according to USDA. *********************************************************************************** USDA Announces Steps to Improve Child Health through Nutritious School Meals Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack Friday announced major initiatives that support and enhance the health of America's children through nutritious school meals. At the USDA Conversation on Healthy School Meals Roundtable, Vilsack says, “Our commitment to the school meal programs comes from a common goal we all share – keeping kids healthy and helping them reach their full potential.” USDA supports efforts to enhance the health and quality of life of America’s children by proposing gradual updates to science-based nutrition standards in school meals, recognizing school districts that have gone above and beyond in nutritional quality, and assisting small and rural school districts in improving the nutritional quality of school meals. Vilsack shared proposed updates to the school meal standards to reflect the latest nutrition science. These updates focus on a few targeted areas that will support even healthier meals for kids on a timeline that reflects critical input from school nutrition professionals, public health experts, industry, and parents. *********************************************************************************** House Ag Committee Announces Subcommittee Chairs House Agriculture Chairman Glenn GT Thompson recently announced subcommittee Chairs and jurisdictions for the 118th Congress. The Pennsylvania Republican says of the subcommittee chairs, “Their expertise and partnership are essential to fulfilling this Committee’s mandate of delivering certainty and prosperity to American agriculture and its entire value chain. Representative Austin Scott of Georgia will serve as the Vice Chair of the Full Committee, and chair of the General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit Subcommittee. California's Dough LaMalfa will chair the Subcommittee on Forestry, and Indiana's Jim Baird is chair of the Subcommittee on Conservation, Research, and Biotechnology. Meanwhile, Minnesota's Brad Finstad was appointed Chair of the Subcommittee on Nutrition, Foreign Agriculture, and Horticulture. Finally, Tracey Mann of Kansas was appointed chair of the Livestock Subcommittee, and South Dakota's Dusty Johnson is Chair of the Subcommittee on Commodity Markets, Digital Assets, and Rural Development. *********************************************************************************** Grassley, Fischer, Wyden, Tester Reintroduce Cattle Market Reform Bill  Senator Chuck Grassley and a bipartisan group of Senators last week introduced the bipartisan Cattle Price Discovery and Transparency Act of 2023. Joining Grassley was fellow Republican Deb Fischer of Nebraska, and Democrats Ron Wyden of Oregon and Jon Tester of Montana. The lawmakers say the legislation would restore transparency and accountability in the cattle market by establishing regional cash minimums and equipping producers with more market information, including permanently authorizing a cattle contract library. Grassley says, "It's past time for Congress to stand with independent cattle producers and put an end to the cozy relationship between large meat packers and big cattle feedlots." The legislation requires the creation of 5-7 regions encompassing the entire continental U.S., and then establish minimum levels of fed cattle purchases made through an approved pricing mechanism. The bill would also establish a maximum penalty for covered packers of $90,000 for mandatory minimum violations. The legislation also creates a publicly available library of marketing contracts. *********************************************************************************** USDA Launches Rural Data Gateway USDA Rural Development Under Secretary Xochitl Torres Small Friday unveiled the Rural Data Gateway. The effort is a new resource to make the Department's data for rural projects easier to access for its partners and people living in rural communities. The Rural Data Gateway will help USDA better target resources to those who need them most in rural places. It also will help the Department be a stronger partner to rural people, entrepreneurs, government officials and other stakeholders. Torres Small says, “The Rural Data Gateway will highlight places where USDA has expanded access to capital for people in rural communities who need it most.” The Gateway also showcases USDA Rural Development’s investments that have helped rural people lower their energy costs, and buy, repair, build and rent affordable places to call home. The Rural Data Gateway supports USDA’s mission to expand public access to Federal government data as required by the Open, Public, Electronic, and Necessary Government Data Act of 2018.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday February 6, 2023 |

Top 5 Things to Watch - Key Happenings the Newsroom Is Tracking for the Week of Feb. 5-11 OMAHA (DTN) -- Here are the Top 5 things the DTN Newsroom is tracking for the week of Feb. 5. Watch for coverage of these and other topics throughout the week on our subscription platforms as well as on DTNPF.com. 1. February WASDE report: It's grain report week, and we'll have both a preview on Monday, Feb. 6, and then immediate reporting on the February World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE). DTN Lead Analyst Todd Hultman's preview will be up Monday to kick off the week. We'll begin coverage of Wednesday's (Feb. 8) report around 11:00 a.m. CST, immediately after the report is released by USDA. As usual, we'll update our report story throughout the morning with additional analysis and details. Hultman's monthly WASDE Webinar begins at 12:30 p.m. 2. South American Crop: We're continuing to watch weather conditions and crop reports from South America, as those near-term updates will likely not be fully accounted for in the WASDE report. To keep up with DTN Ag Meteorologist John Baranick's global weather outlook, 3. Fertilizer continues to trend lower: We're now a month into the downtrend in fertilizer prices, especially most forms of nitrogen. DTN Staff Reporter Russ Quinn, who leads our fertilizer pricing and outlook coverage, reported this past week that overall nitrogen fertilizer cash prices were 9% lower than the previous month. Watch for the latest numbers Feb. 8. DTN paid subscribers can also find details on fertilizer prices in our fuels and fertilizers areas of our products. 4. River levels still a concern: Despite some precipitation across the Mississippi River valley, the heavy amounts stayed in the South and haven't lifted low water conditions in the nation's biggest water highway. Levels at St. Louis are still at -2 feet, or 2 feet below the "zero gauge" standard. Flood stage in St. Louis is +30 feet. The river level at Memphis has been around +14 feet; the flood stage there is +34 feet. 5. Cattle markets still chewing on herd size: While the week will be a quiet one for cattle reports, DTN Livestock Analyst ShayLe Stewart will continue to watch the market's response to the latest beef cow herd numbers being the lowest since records began more than 50 years ago. WASDE corn demand numbers will also be responding to those new herd size numbers.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday February 6, 2023 |

Monday Watch List Markets The U.S. Labor Department will release nonfarm payrolls for January and the monthly unemployment report at 7:30 a.m. CST, Friday's main attractions. Traders will watch over the latest weather forecasts and pause at 8 a.m. to see if USDA has an export sale announcement. Weather A burst of arctic air with the polar vortex continues in the Midwest where some lake-effect snows are occurring. A front is finally being pushed out of the Southeast where showers continue for the day. While eastern areas are getting colder, the Plains are getting warmer as a ridge of high pressure spreads eastward. The next system is moving into the West Coast, which will have implications east of the Rockies for next week.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday February 3, 2023 |

CattleFax Forecast for Producer Profitability in 2023 The CattleFax Outlook Seminar at the annual Cattle Industry Convention in New Orleans dug into expert market and weather analysis for the coming year. Prices and profitability will again favor cattle producers in 2023. The cattle industry came into the year with the smallest cattle supply since 2015, as drought caused the industry to dig deeper into the supply of feeder cattle and calves. While drought relief is up in the air, improvements are also expected to translate to moderating feed costs, especially in the second half of this year. Combined with increased cattle prices, producers, especially the cow-calf operators, will continue to see improvement in margins for the next several years. Kevin Good, Vice President of Industry Relations for CattleFax, says U.S. beef cow cattle inventories are down 1.5 million head from cycle highs. “Drought improvement and higher cattle prices should slow beef cow culling through this year,” Good says. *********************************************************************************** Brazil Reinstates Ethanol Import Tariff Brazil’s Foreign Trade Chamber reinstated the 18 percent import tariff on ethanol, making U.S. imports less price competitive in the country. The recent zero percent import tariff got put in place last year by Brazil’s former president to help fight rising inflation. The current administration let the zero percent tariff expire on February 1. SP Global says the 18 percent import tax will protect Brazil’s domestic ethanol producers, especially those in the north and northeast regions. Multiple sources say the move reduces competitively-priced ethanol imported from abroad. The Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock said in an official statement that the increased import tax will also have a minimal impact on the end-user in Brazil. Last year, Brazil imported 312 million liters of ethanol, and the U.S. supplied 65 percent of total ethanol imports. Brazil extended the current exemption for federal taxes on fuel for the first 60 days of 2023. *********************************************************************************** Study Finds Consumers Want Protein Source Transparency Merck Animal Health announced the results of its first-ever consumer transparency research study. It finds that two-thirds of consumers say transparency in animal protein is extremely or very important. The study focused on consumers’ growing interest in transparency and its importance in purchasing decisions and brand trust. Two-thirds of the survey respondents say transparency in animal proteins is extremely or very important and the reasons are personal, with health and nutrition topping that list. Also, 86 percent of consumers who said transparency is important also ranked traceability as extremely or very important, and 40 percent of those consumers want to know where the livestock comes from. More than 50 percent of the respondents said they were willing to pay a five percent premium for transparency on the label and want more information than ever about how their food is grown and raised to make informed decisions at the grocery store. *********************************************************************************** Legislation Designed to Protect U.S. Ag from Foreign Adversaries The bipartisan Promoting Agriculture Safeguards and Security (PASS) Act was introduced in both congressional chambers. It will protect U.S. national security by preventing foreign adversaries from taking any ownership or control of agricultural land and businesses in the United States. The bill will also ensure the USDA is fully involved in reviewing any acquisition of American companies by foreign adversaries that could affect the agricultural sector. Specifically, China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea are prohibited from buying agricultural land and companies in the U.S. It also adds the Ag Secretary as a standing member of the U.S. Committee on Foreign Investment. Congressman Rick Crawford, a co-sponsor, says, “Reports of entities ultimately controlled by the Chinese Communist Party buying American farmland and agricultural companies validate the need for a more proactive posture in protecting our agriculture sector from foreign threats.” Congressman Jim Costa says protecting the food supply is a national security issue. *********************************************************************************** NPPC Reacts to First Senate Ag Farm Bill Hearing The National Pork Producers Council applauded the first farm bill hearing in the 118th Congress. The organization is pleased the Senate Ag Committee is taking up issues important to the pork industry. In 2021, the U.S. exported 8.1 billion dollars worth of pork to more than 100 countries, which increased the average value of each pig marketed by nearly 63 dollars. Those exports also support more than 10,000 jobs in America. “Congress must provide strong investments in both the Market Access Program (MAP) and the Foreign Market Development Program,” the NPPC said in a statement. “A wide swath of U.S. agricultural companies have utilized these export promotion programs, generating a net return of almost 25 dollars for every dollar spent and creating 225,800 full-and-part-time jobs across the U.S. economy.” The NPPC is also looking forward to working with members of Congress while developing a farm bill that benefits producers and every American. *********************************************************************************** NCBA Picks the Beef Advocate of the Year Tucker Brown, a Texas beef producer, is the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association’s 2022 Advocate of the Year. The award recognizes Brown for his creative use of storytelling across social media platforms, along with continuing his family’s legacy as a sixth-generation cattle rancher. Brown says his farm gate is always open, and he doesn’t hesitate to answer hard questions about the beef industry. “Our goal is to help consumers understand where their food comes from and develop a deeper trust in us,” he says. Brown creates social media content that bridges the gap between consumers and producers, reaching millions of people. He has more than 176,000 followers on TikTok and 52,000 followers on Instagram. On average, Brown gets a combined five-to-six million views per month on his videos and uses his influence to show what it’s like to raise beef. “I think it’s more important than ever to tell our story,” he says.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday February 3, 2023 |

Friday Watch List Markets The U.S. Labor Department will release nonfarm payrolls for January and the monthly unemployment report at 7:30 a.m. CST, Friday's main attractions. Traders will watch over the latest weather forecasts and pause at 8 a.m. to see if USDA has an export sale announcement. Weather A burst of arctic air with the polar vortex continues in the Midwest where some lake-effect snows are occurring. A front is finally being pushed out of the Southeast where showers continue for the day. While eastern areas are getting colder, the Plains are getting warmer as a ridge of high pressure spreads eastward. The next system is moving into the West Coast, which will have implications east of the Rockies for next week.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday February 2, 2023 |

NCGA Shares Potential Consequences of Mexican Corn Ban Corn growers told Congressional members and their staffs they must hold the line over Mexico’s proposed ban on imports of GMO corn. During a congressional briefing, members of the National Corn Growers Association said if that ban takes effect, it will block most U.S. corn imports into Mexico and be a significant blow to the American economy. Mexico’s president plans to implement a decree banning biotech corn from coming into Mexico in early 2024. The vast majority of U.S. corn is biotech. “This decree would cut most American growers off from what has historically been our largest export market,” says NCGA President Tom Haag (Hayg). “That’s why U.S. officials must continue to ensure that Mexico lives up to its commitments under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement.” NCGA hosted the congressional briefing on the one-year mark from the decree’s effective date. The ban would cause the U.S. economy to lose $73.8 billion over ten years. *********************************************************************************** Senate Bill Would Improve the Conservation Reserve Program Senators John Thune of South Dakota and Minnesota’s Amy Klobuchar reintroduced the Conservation Reserve Program Improvement Act. A Republican and Democrat, respectively, the bill bolsters the CRP by improving access to grazing, maximizing enrollment options for producers, and addressing implementation issues following the 2018 Farm Bill. “After hearing from South Dakotans, it’s clear that we need to keep working to ensure that CRP continues to be an effective option for producers and landowners,” Thune says. Among the improvements, the bill would increase the CRP annual payment limitation from $50,000, established in 1985, to $125,000 to account for inflationary and rising land value pressures and provide more enrollment options. “The Conservation Reserve Program helps equip our farmers with tools to conserve and improve soil, water quality, and wildlife habitat,” Klobuchar says. “This bipartisan legislation makes commonsense improvements to the CRP that will strengthen conservation practices and boost enrollment in this vital program. *********************************************************************************** New Venture to Develop SAS Using Ethanol United Airlines formed a joint venture to develop and then commercialize a Sustainable Aviation Fuel technology using ethanol as the feedstock. United Airlines, Tallgrass, and Green Plains will invest up to a combined $50 million in the venture. The venture is called Blue Blade Technology and will produce up to 135 million gallons of ethanol-based SAS annually. Green Car Congress Dot Com says if the technology is successful, Blue Blade will begin building a pilot facility in 2024, followed by a full-scale facility that could begin operating in 2028. The agreement could provide enough sustainable aviation fuel to fly more than 50,000 flights every year between United’s hub airports in Chicago and Denver. If the technology is commercialized, the location of Blue Blade’s first plant would allow easier access to low-carbon feedstock from Green Plains’ Midwest ethanol production facilities. The technology will eventually work with any alcohol-based feedstock as a fuel source. *********************************************************************************** Report Shows Strong Demand Continuing for U.S. Beef The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association released its “Today’s Beef Consumer” report, and it shows beef demand continues to remain strong. Despite various challenges faced by the industry, consumers have repeatedly stated that they will continue buying beef in both the retail and foodservice settings. Compiling research from last year, the report shows more than two-thirds of consumers reportedly eat beef on a weekly basis or even more than that. Inflation is top-of-mind when shopping for food, and more than three-quarters of consumers reported an increase in the price of food, whether at retail or foodservice. While it was no surprise that beef sales at foodservice dropped sharply in 2020 and 2021, sales in 2022 rebounded in both volume and dollars, surpassing the pre-pandemic levels of 2019. During COVID, consumers were forced to cook from home, and many continue to do so as a way to stretch dollars and combat inflation. *********************************************************************************** NCBA Announces Policy Priorities The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association released its policy priorities for 2023. The priorities focus on advancing animal disease preparedness, protecting voluntary conservation programs, and defending producers from regulatory overreach. “Our focus is helping to create opportunity for America’s cattle producers and fighting to make sure the federal government does not damage our industry,” says NCBA President-Elect Todd Wilkinson. “One of the biggest opportunities to help cattle producers in the coming year is passing the 2023 Farm Bill with continued investment in our national vaccine bank to protect the U.S. cattle herd.” Other priorities include protecting and funding EQIP, CSP, and other voluntary conservation programs that incentivize science-based, active management of natural resources. NCBA also wants to protect the cattle industry from regulatory attacks under the Waters of the United States, the Endangered Species Act, emissions reporting, and more. “We’re laser-focused on reducing the risk of a potential foreign animal disease,” Wilkinson adds. *********************************************************************************** Americans Will Eat 1.45 Billion Chicken Wings During the Super Bowl The National Chicken Council released its annual Chicken Wing Report, projecting Americans will eat a record-breaking 1.45 billion chicken wings during Super Bowl weekend. The figure represents an increase of two percent from last year’s report, the equivalent of 84 million more wings than in 2022. NCC Spokesperson Tom Super says, “The two main reasons for the increase are more favorable prices and more people getting back to normal and gathering for the Big Game, whether at home or a bar or restaurant.” Despite inflation, both wholesale and retail wing prices are down double digits from a year ago, according to USDA, and consumers are seeing a lot more features and promotions. That many wings laid end-to-end would stretch from Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City to Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia about 62 times. It would also give four wings each to every man, woman, and child in the United States.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday February 2, 2023 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report is out at 7:30 a.m. CST Thursday, the same time as weekly U.S. jobless claims, a report on fourth-quarter U.S. productivity and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. The U.S. Energy Department's natural gas storage report is at 9:30 a.m. Traders remain interested in the latest weather reports, especially from South America and in any news of an export sale. Weather A stalled front continues to be active across the south with rounds of showers on Thursday. It is still cold enough for a mix of freezing rain, sleet, and some snow in these areas. Across the north, the last arctic cold blast is moving into the North-Central U.S. The cold will be intense but only for a day or so. The cold will slide over to the Northeast tonight and cold air over the Great Lakes will induce lake-effect snows. Those should be as brief as the cold air that moves through.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday February 1, 2023 |

USTR Announces Dispute Settlement Panel Request with Canada U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai Tuesday announced the second dispute settlement panel under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement regarding Canada’s dairy tariff-rate quota allocation measures. The United States is challenging Canada’s revised dairy TRQ allocation measures that use a market-share approach for determining TRQ allocations. Through these measures, Canada undermines the market access it agreed to provide in the USMCA, according to USTR. Ambassador Tai says, “Although the United States won a previous USMCA dispute on Canada’s dairy TRQ allocation policies, the Canadian government’s revised measures have not fixed the problem.” National Milk Producers Federation president and CEO Jim Mulhern responded, "USTR's action is an important step in righting this wrong and sending a message that the U.S. will fight violations of trade deals in Canada and wherever else they may be committed." If the panel confirms that Canada has violated its obligations under USMCA, the U.S. would be granted the right to impose retaliatory duties. *********************************************************************************** USDA Launches Pilot Cattle Contracts Library The Department of Agriculture Tuesday launched the Cattle Contract Library pilot program. USDA says the pilot library will provide new disclosure to the industry and public regarding the key terms, conditions, and volumes under which cattle are contracted. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2022 directed USDA to create a pilot library to increase market transparency for cattle producers. The library will have the same look and feel as the working library model developed and shared with stakeholders last year but will now be populated with information from active contracts. The initial release of the library will allow users to browse a range of terms and information contained in active contracts used to purchase fed cattle. National Cattlemen's Beef Association Government Affairs Government Affairs Tanner Beymer responded, “We have been looking forward to the launch of the Cattle Contract Library pilot program and will review the product to determine if its current format provides value to cattle producers.” *********************************************************************************** FDA Proposes Redesign of Human Foods Program The Food and Drug Administration Tuesday proposed a redesign of the Human Foods Program to enhance coordinated prevention and response activities. The proposal includes a transformative vision for the Office of Regulatory Affairs, FDA's field-based operations. The proposed structures for both groups will have clear priorities focused on protecting and promoting a safe, nutritious U.S. food supply that more quickly adapts to an ever-changing and evolving environment, according to USDA. The proposed structures for both groups will have clear priorities focused on protecting and promoting a safe, nutritious U.S. food supply that more quickly adapts to an ever-changing and evolving environment. Creating a Human Foods Program under a single leader who reports directly to the Commissioner unifies and elevates the program while removing redundancies. The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Food Policy and Response, and certain functions of ORA will be unified into a newly envisioned organization called the Human Foods Program. *********************************************************************************** Ukraine’s Exports Recover Under Black Sea Grain Initiative USDA's Economic Research Service reports Ukraine's corn and wheat exports have almost returned to seasonal-average levels since the summer of 2022. The change follows the Black Sea Grain Initiative to reopen the Black Sea shipping routes. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 led to elevated security risks and infrastructure damage, causing Ukraine's seaports to be almost completely cut off from March through July. As global exportable supplies diminished, international wheat export prices spiked. Signed in July 2022, the Black Sea agreement enabled the safe passage of Ukraine grain exports through three ports. That and ample corn and wheat stocks allowed Ukraine to export a larger combined volume of the two crops than the five-year average in September and October. The Black Sea Grain Initiative has increased the opportunities for Ukrainian grain to leave the country and has relieved some price pressures internationally, but uncertainty remains as the agreement is set to expire in mid-March 2023 and may not be extended. *********************************************************************************** Six of Seven States Agree on Colorado Water Management Six states that rely on water from the Colorado River Basin recently reached an agreement regarding a model to drastically cut water use in the basin. Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming, Arizona, and Nevada, "did exactly what we needed," according to Colorado Senator Michael Bennet. However, the agreement doesn't include California, the largest water user from the basin, which plans to release its own water use plan. In a letter to the Bureau of Reclamation, the six states admitted, "Over the past twenty-plus years, there is simply far less water flowing into the Colorado River system than the amount that leaves it, and that we have effectively run out of storage to deplete.” The states asked the Bureau of Reclamation to review their proposal as it seeks drought mitigation guidelines. Bennet says California not joining the effort was disappointing, adding, “For too long, the other six states, and particularly the Upper Basin, have carried the burden of this historic drought.” *********************************************************************************** Commodity Classic Registration up 28% Farmers across the country are getting excited for the 2023 Commodity Classic, which has just announced registration is up 28 percent over last year's event in New Orleans. The 2023 Commodity Classic will be held March 9-11 in Orlando. Attendee surveys indicate that networking with other farmers is one of the top reasons producers enjoy Commodity Classic. Hallway conversations and in-person connections are an important part of the educational experience at Commodity Classic, as farmers share their knowledge, passion, and insight with colleagues from across the nation. 2023 Commodity Classic co-chair George Goblish of Minnesota says, “Thousands of America’s best farmers from across the nation love Commodity Classic because we share a passion for agriculture, a thirst for knowledge, and we’re all interested in how we can make our farms more profitable.” The 2023 Commodity Classic includes a lineup of educational sessions, inspiring speakers, a trade show, entertainment, and a range of technology, innovation, and agronomic information. Discover more at CommodityClassic.com.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday February 1, 2023 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets Wednesday is the first of February, the day the ground hog is expected to come out and raise the federal funds rate by another quarter-percent. The Federal Reserve will make the ceremony official at 1 p.m. CST. Before that, there will be several manufacturing indices reported from around the world and the U.S. will get its turn at 9 a.m. At 9:30 a.m., the U.S. Energy Department releases its weekly report of energy inventories, including ethanol production. South American weather and crop conditions continue to get a lot of trader attention. Weather A stalled front across the South and Southeast remains active on Wednesday with periods of showers from Texas and Oklahoma eastward. It remains cold enough on the northern end for a mix of freezing rain, sleet, and maybe some snow from Texas and Oklahoma into the Tennessee Valley. Temperatures farther north are still cold, but higher than yesterday for most areas.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday January 31, 2023 |

Senate Ag Leaders Urge USTR to Hold Canada Accountable Under USMCA Leaders of the Senate Agriculture Committee urge the U.S. Trade Representative to hold Canada accountable under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement. Senators Debbie Stabenow, a Michigan Democrat, and John Boozman, an Arkansas Republican, say Canada is obligated by USMCA to provide market access to American dairy farmers. Despite numerous rounds of consultation and an initial dispute settlement panel ruling in January 2022, Canada continues to reserve parts of its tariff-rate quota allocations for domestic processors, undermining importers' market access. In a letter to Ambassador Katherine Tai, the Senators call on USTR to initiate a second dispute settlement panel to hold Canada accountable to its market access obligations to American dairy farmers. There has been no improvement in Canada's TRQ administration despite the USTR’s continued engagement. The Senators write, “To bring Canada into compliance with its commitments to U.S. dairy producers, we urge USTR to move forward with a second dispute settlement case to implement USMCA’s dairy provisions fully and properly to increase U.S. dairy market access.” *********************************************************************************** 2022 Census of Agriculture Deadline Nears The deadline to respond to the 2022 Census of Agriculture is next week. USDA's National Agri Statistics Service says farmers and ranchers must respond by February 6 online or through the mail. NASS Administrator Hubert Hamer says, "By participating in the 2022 Census of Agriculture, producers show the value and importance of American agriculture." Last month, NASS mailed the Census of Agriculture questionnaires to every known ag producer in the U.S. and Puerto Rico. Conducted just once every five years, the ag census provides a complete account of the nation's farms and ranches and the people who operate them. Responding to the Census of Agriculture is required by federal law, and law requires NASS to keep all individual operations' information confidential, use the data for statistical purposes only, and publish the data in aggregate form to prevent disclosing the identity of any individual producer or farm operation. Producers can respond online at agcounts.usda.gov. *********************************************************************************** USDA Announces $2.7 Billion in Rural Electric Infrastructure Funding Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack Monday announced a $2.7 billion investment to help 64 electric cooperatives and utilities. The funding from the Department of Agriculture will help the cooperatives expand and modernize the nation’s rural electric grid and increase grid security. Vilsack says, “This funding will help rural cooperatives and utilities invest in changes that make our energy more efficient, more reliable, and more affordable.” The loans include $613 million to help rural utilities and cooperatives install and upgrade smart grid technologies. Smart grid can be a catalyst for broadband and other telecommunications services in unserved and underserved rural areas, in addition to improving grid security and reliability. Nearly half of the awards will help finance infrastructure improvements in underserved communities. USDA's Electric Loan Program can help finance wind, solar and natural gas plants, as well as improvements to produce cleaner energy from coal-fired plants. In the coming months, USDA will announce additional energy infrastructure financing. *********************************************************************************** State Attorneys General Seek Year-Round E-15 Last week, Iowa Attorney General Brenna Bird led a bipartisan coalition of seven Attorneys General urging the Biden Administration to follow the law and allow the sale of year-round E-15. Federal law permits Governors to request that the EPA issue the regulations allowing E15 and requires the EPA to issue the regulations within 90 days. The sale of E15 has been restricted during the summer peak-driving months due to an outdated provision of the Clean Air Act. Iowa Governor Kim Reynolds led a bipartisan coalition of Governors making the request on April 22, 2022, but the EPA still has not issued the regulation as required by law. Earlier this month, Governor Reynolds, again wrote to the Biden Administration reiterating her request that the mandatory regulations be issued in response to their request. Attorney General Bird and the Attorneys General of Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wisconsin signed the letter to the White House and the Environmental Protection Agency. *********************************************************************************** American Dairy Coalition Sets 2023 Policy Priorities American Dairy Coalition, a grassroots dairy farmer-led organization with diverse geographic representation, recently announced federal policy priorities and an action plan for 2023. American Dairy Coalition CEO Laurie Fischer says, “Our ongoing efforts have been focused on raising awareness of short- and long-term challenges.” One key short-term priority is to see the Class I milk price 'mover' returned to its previous 'higher of' formula in the 2023 Farm Bill. For the long-term, the coalition seeks a national Farm Bill hearing on the sustainability of Federal Milk Marketing Orders. Fischer says, “The systemic issues of declining fluid milk sales and declining FMMO participation create instability and uncertainty for dairy farmers.” ADC also supports restoring whole milk in federal nutrition programs like National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs and WIC. This includes exempting nutrient-dense foods like whole milk from the fat limits the Dietary Guidelines impose on nutrition programs and dairy checkoff promotions. *********************************************************************************** Rotational Grazing Adoption Varies by Region Data published Monday by USDA’s Economic Research Service shows rotational grazing adoption varies by region. Rotational grazing is a management practice in which livestock are cycled through multiple fenced grazing areas to manage forage production, forage quality, animal health, and environmental quality. In a recent study, USDA researchers found the highest rate of total rotational grazing adoption, at 49 percent of operations, in the Northern Plains and Western Corn Belt region. The lowest participation level, at 25 percent, were operations in the Southern Plains region. Basic rotational grazing was more common than intensive rotational grazing in all but one region. USDA says the exception was the Appalachian region, where 25 percent of cow-calf operations used intensive rotational grazing, and 22 percent used basic rotational grazing. Major drivers for regional differences in adoption could include varying forage types, which may respond better to rotational grazing than others, and differing climates.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday January 31, 2023 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets At 7:30 a.m. CST Tuesday, the U.S. Labor Department will release its employment cost index for the fourth quarter, a factor for the Fed to consider in this week's meeting. At 9 a.m., the Conference Board's index of U.S. consumer confidence will be out, followed by USDA's Jan. 1 cattle inventory at 2 p.m., anticipating a 3% or 4% annual decline. Weather A sharp cold front remains across the southern states on Tuesday, which will continue to be active. Showers are already moving through this morning and more will develop later today from Texas and Oklahoma eastward to Virginia and points south. Behind the front it is very cold with another day of well below-normal temperatures. The cold will cause another day of freezing rain, snow, and sleet accumulation in some areas of the South-Central states.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday January 30, 2023 |

Senators Ask White House for Enforcement Actions on USMCA The top members of the Senate’s Finance Committee sent a letter to the White House asking the administration to pursue enforcement action against Canada and Mexico under the USMCA. Inside Trade says they’re concerned about areas where Canada and Mexico aren’t complying with the agreement’s rules, especially around energy and agriculture. Ron Wyden and Mike Crapo (CRAY-po), the top Democrat and Republican on the committee, sent the letter saying, “The Office of the USTR must continue pursuing full implementation and, where necessary, robust enforcement of the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement.” They also noted that the pact’s full potential remains unrealized. Wyden and Crapo highlighted the current dispute with Mexico over its policy regarding GMO corn imports, as well as Canadian failure to comply with the rules regarding tariff-rate quotas on dairy products. The U.S. recently requested dispute-settlement consultations for a third time regarding Canada’s dairy policy. U.S. and Mexican discussions recently continued last week. *********************************************************************************** Reaction to Bronaugh’s Decision to Step Down from USDA Post USDA Deputy Secretary Jewell Bronaugh announced she’ll be leaving her post at the end of February. American Farm Bureau Federation President Zippy Duvall says his organization has enjoyed working with the deputy secretary for the last two years of her tenure with the agency. “We want to thank her for her service to America’s farmers and ranchers,” Duvall says. “She has long been someone who understands the needs of farmers and rural communities. We’ve appreciated her leadership and wish her all the best in her future endeavors.” House Ag Committee Ranking Democrat David Scott congratulated Bronaugh on a job well done. “Deputy Secretary Bronaugh’s time at the department was historic, serving as the first African American woman in the role,” Scott says. “During her time as Deputy, she uplifted American agriculture and our rural communities, something she’s long done throughout her career.” Scott also says she’s a champion for U.S. food and agriculture. *********************************************************************************** Organic Produce Sales Up Three Percent, Volume Down Four Percent Organic fresh produce sales grew by three percent last year while total volume dropped by 3.7 percent. The Organic Produce Network says total sales topped $9.4 billion for the year. The 2022 Organic Produce Performance Report says the fresh berry category was the top organic produce category with more than 16 percent of organic fresh produce dollars in 2022. Fresh berry sales topped $1.6 billion for the year, with organic packed salads a close second at $1.55 billion. Total fresh produce sales gained 7.3 percent in dollars during the year but dropped 1.3 percent in volume from the prior year. During 2022, 13 of the top 20 organic produce categories by total sales posted increases in dollars, with organic onions generating the largest increase at 15.4 percent. That increase was followed by cucumbers, potatoes, and avocados. Organic performance in 2022 was consistent across the nation as dollars grew and volume declined. *********************************************************************************** Energy Department Allocates $118 Million to Biofuel Projects Late last week, the Department of Energy announced $118 million in funding to help expand U.S. biofuel production. Growth Energy CEO Emily Skor says the funds will undoubtedly accelerate the innovations taking place at U.S. ethanol plants. “It will open many new opportunities for low-cost, low-carbon energy,” Skor says. She also points out that the president himself has said there will be no achieving the goal of net zero by 2050 without biofuels, and the announcement shows that the DOE is committed to that mission. “We are excited to see new technologies scaled up with these funds, particularly the work underway at Marquis, Inc., a Growth Energy member that received $8 million for a project that combines CO2 with low-carbon hydrogen to create a new production stream of extra-low-carbon ethanol.” A project like that will end up slashing carbon emissions by at least 70 percent or more compared to petroleum-based alternatives. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Wants WTO Dispute System Fixed by 2024 The U.S. is currently in a third round of talks to redo the World Trade Organization’s trade dispute arbitration system. The U.S. Ambassador to the WTO told Reuters that America wants it to be fully up and running by the end of 2024. The WTO’s appeals bench rules on top disputes among nations. It’s been out of service for two years due to U.S. appointment blockages put in place during the Trump Administration. The current administration has resisted calls by WTO members to approve the appointments and has been leading the negotiations on how to redo the dispute system. Asked if it was even possible to revive the Appellate Body, Deputy U.S. Trade Representative Maria Pagan didn’t say no. “It needs a lot of revamping,” she says. The U.S. has criticized the WTO’s alleged overreach and lengthy processes, and it strongly contested some of the WTO’s recent rulings against America. *********************************************************************************** Corn Sales to Overseas Buyers Drops 20 Percent The U.S. Department of Agriculture says export sales of corn fell in the seven days that ended on January 19, while soybean and wheat sales improved. During the week, corn sales to overseas buyers totaled 910,400 metric tons, a 20 percent drop week-to-week but up 46 percent over the prior four-week average. Mexico was the biggest buyer at 407,000 metric tons, followed by Columbia. Exports for the week came in at 912,000 metric tons, up 28 percent from the previous week. Soybean sales rose 16 percent week-to-week and 53 percent from the average to 1.15 million metric tons. China bought more than 940,000 metric tons, with the Netherlands a distant second at 67,100 tons. Exports for the week hit 1.9 million metric tons, down eight percent from the previous week. Wheat sales were up six percent over the prior week and 84 percent from the previous four-week average. Exports dropped 15 percent.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday January 30, 2023 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, traders will be paying close attention to South America's weather reports and forecasts and any outside news that might have occurred. There will also be interest in how cold temperatures got in the southwestern Plains. USDA's weekly report on export inspections is due out at 10 a.m. CST. Traders are also aware the Fed is expected to raise the federal funds target by 0.25% on Wednesday. Weather Very cold air in association with an arm of the polar vortex continues to settle into much of the Plains and western half of the Midwest Monday. The cold threatens livestock and any exposed wheat. The front is hung up from Texas to the Ohio Valley and periods of showers will develop along and behind the front over the next few days as it slowly sinks farther southeast this week. That will induce some wintry mix of freezing rain and snow across the Southern Plains up into the eastern Midwest over the next 24 hours.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday January 27, 2023 |

Agriculture Deputy Secretary Jewel Bronaugh to Step Down Agriculture Deputy Secretary Jewel Bronaugh announced Thursday her intention to step away from her role at USDA. Bronaugh says, “It is with mixed emotions that today I am announcing that I will step away from my role as Deputy Secretary in the coming weeks so I can spend more time with my family.” President Biden nominated Bronaugh to USDA in January of 2021 and was confirmed by the Senate in May of that year. Bronaugh, in 2018 was appointed as the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Commissioner. She previously served as the Virginia State Executive Director for the USDA Farm Service Agency during the Obama administration. She was the first Black woman to hold the second-in-command position at USDA. Bronaugh thanked Secretary Tom Vilsack for his support, adding, “I now look forward to taking some time off to spend more quality time with my mom, husband and four children." *********************************************************************************** Retail Food Price Inflation in 2022 Surpassed 2021 Rates Food-at-home prices increased by 11.4 percent in 2022, more than three times the rate in 2021 of 3.5 percent, according to USDA’s Economic Research Service. The increase was also much faster than the two percent historical annual average from 2002 to 2021. All food categories except beef and veal grew faster in 2022 than in 2021. In 2022, price increases surpassed ten percent for food at home and for nine food categories. Egg prices grew at the fastest rate ,2.2 percent, after an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza throughout 2022. Prices for fats and oils increased by 18.5 percent, largely because of higher dairy and oilseed prices. Prices also rose for poultry, 14.6 percent, and other meats, 14.2 percent. Elevated prices for wholesale flour and eggs contributed to a 13.0-percent price increase for cereals and bakery products. Prices for beef and veal, fresh vegetables and fresh fruits rose more slowly, but all categories exceeded their historical averages. *********************************************************************************** Report: Brazil Soybean Crop up 18% From Last Year Industry Economists expect the harvest of a large soybean crop in Brazil in the next 30 to 45 days. AgResource predicts USDA and others will be forced to raise Brazilian soybean production estimates by one million to three million tons, or 37 million to 110 million bushels. A crop of at least 150 million tons versus 129.5 million last year is guaranteed, according to their research. AgResource's final yield estimate in Mato Grosso, by far the country's largest producing state, is 60.3 bushels per acre after revisiting possible harvest losses and disease pressure. This is eight bushels per acre more than Brazil’s CONAB current forecast. There will be yield loss in the far south of Brazil, but yield gains in Mato Grosso and surrounding states will more than offset any yield hit. Harvest losses will likely result from new incurable diseases. But there is very little doubt a massive Brazilian soybean crop will be available to the global marketplace in the coming weeks. *********************************************************************************** Research Identifies $400 Million in Unrealized Soybean Value A new partnership aims to increase soybean flower and pod retention. This unrealized value could bring $50 per acre or $400 million in economic return for U.S. soybean farmers, according to the United Soybean Board. The collaborative focus will test how heat and drought impact flower bud retention. Flower production dictates the final pod number and, ultimately, yield in soybeans. The Atlantic Soybean Council, Mid-South Soybean Board, North Central Soybean Research Program, Southern Soybean Research Program and United Soybean Board all agree this is a priority issue impacting the entire industry. Although flower retention is a leading cause of soybean yield loss in the U.S., no organized effort exists to address it. Farmers experience about 30 percent of flower loss under favorable conditions and up to 80 percent under drought and heat stress. Texas Tech University, in collaboration with Kansas State University, the University of Missouri and the University of Tennessee, will lead the research on this national effort. *********************************************************************************** First All-Steel Swine Barns to Provide Improved Efficiency and Animal Health A new sow complex is now under construction featuring the first prefabricated steel swine barns in the United States. Compared to traditional wood structures, the steel buildings are designed to offer a more biosecure, flame-retardant and energy-efficient environment for pigs, while also being more durable and faster to build. The 12,000-head sow facility is scheduled for completion this summer in South Dakota. The steel building package, designed by C-Lines, is being provided by AP, AGCO’s swine equipment brand. AP dealer Ag Property Solutions is constructing the barns, which will be managed by Pipestone Management. The all-steel buildings offer increased construction speed and efficiency, increased building strength, energy efficiency, better biosecurity, along with being easily transported as a prefabricated structure. The new facility is the largest sow complex ever constructed by Ag Property Solutions, with a footprint of up to 55 acres. It includes a 187,500-square-foot farrowing barn and gilt developer unit and a 225,000-square-foot gestation barn that incorporate the steel panels. *********************************************************************************** FFA to Participate in the Advancing Racial Equity Community of Practice Initiative The National FFA Organization Thursday announced its participation in a new community of practice with other nonprofit organizations focused on advancing racial equity. Over the next six months, leaders in the National FFA Organization will work with The Bridgespan Group to strengthen their approach to advancing racial equity internally and externally. The Advancing Racial Equity Community of Practice, led by The Bridgespan Group, is funded by the Walmart Foundation. The funding will assist in supporting FFA to collaborate with others to share best practices and learnings on their work to prioritize equity. National FFA CEO Scott Stump says, “By partnering with other nonprofits through this initiative, we can expand our capacity to seek and promote inclusion and diversity in our membership.” FFA is participating in the cohort alongside nine organizations: American Red Cross, Center for the Future of Arizona, Education Design Lab, Goodwill Industries International, National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster, Team Rubicon, The Recycling Partnership, Winrock International, and World Wildlife Fund.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday January 27, 2023 |

Friday Watch List Markets The U.S. index of personal consumption expenditures will be out at 7:30 a.m. CST Friday, an indicator of inflation watched by the Fed. The University of Michigan's index of consumer sentiment follows at 9 a.m. Traders will continue to watch the latest weather forecasts, especially in South America. Weather A clipper system moving through the Upper Midwest is dragging a cold front through the North-Central U.S. Friday. Breezy winds continue near the storm center in the Upper Midwest. Cold air over Canada will gradually fill in behind the front later in the day, resulting in well-below normal temperatures for the weekend. In addition to the cold, the front will be bringing scattered snows, some of which may be heavier near the northern Rockies and also near the South Dakota-Nebraska border through Friday night.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday January 26, 2023 |

Senate Ag Plans Hearings on Farm Bill Trade and Horticulture Titles The leadership of the Senate Agriculture Committee Wednesday announced a set of farm bill hearings. Senators Debbie Stabenow and John Boozman will hold the first hearing on February 1, titled. "Farm Bill 2023: Trade and Horticulture." The hearings will focus on the trade and horticulture titles of the farm bill. The first hearing will include testimony from USDA's Alexis Taylor, Jenny Lester Moffitt, and USAID's Sarah Charles. In a joint statement, Stabenow and Boozman say, "This is the first of many hearings the Committee has planned as we gear up for the 2023 Farm Bill," adding, "We are both looking forward to a collaborative process, working with all Senators to deliver a strong Farm Bill." The duo announced three other upcoming hearings: February 9 on Commodity Programs, Crop Insurance and Credit, February 16 on Nutrition Programs, and March 1 on Conservation and Forestry Programs. All hearings will be held in the committee’s hearing room. *********************************************************************************** Lawsuit Against FDA Targets Antibiotics Use in Livestock Public health advocacy groups filed a lawsuit against the Food and Drug Administration this week. The groups say the lawsuit challenges the refusal to phase out unnecessary uses of antibiotics in animal agriculture. The groups include the Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments, the Natural Resources Defense Council, Food Animal Concerns Trust, Public Citizen and Earthjustice. They allege that approximately two-thirds of medically important antibiotics sold in the U.S. are for use in food-producing animals and are often administered to healthy animals to compensate for the higher risk of infections typically caused by cramped, unsanitary or stressful conditions. The lawsuit claims that the misuse of these medicines has contributed to the rise and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Steven Roach of Food Animal Concerns Trust says, "The FDA has allowed giant meat companies to habitually overuse antibiotics putting everyone's health at risk," adding, "This is absolutely unnecessary as animals raised under healthy conditions do not need routine antibiotics." *********************************************************************************** Substantial Consolidation in Retail Food Market Since 1990 The U.S. food retail sector experienced substantial consolidation over the last three decades, according to data from USDA’s Economic Research Service. Market concentration, as measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, is a measure of the extent to which market shares are concentrated between firms of the retail food sector at the national, state, metropolitan statistical area, and county levels. The analysis includes all establishments with a significant portion of food sales that are likely substitutes for each other: supermarkets and other grocery and warehouse clubs and supercenters. Although the national market is less concentrated than the average State level, according to the HHI, national market concentration increased substantially between 1990 and 2019 at 458 percent. In comparison, average county-level market concentration has remained relatively constant over the past 30 years, increasing only 94 percent. While national measures provide information about larger trends, trends in localized markets are likely more relevant for consumers, food-retail competitors, and policymakers, according to USDA. *********************************************************************************** Organic Farmers Association Applauds Additional Assistance for Dairy Farmers The Organic Farmers Association welcomes this week's announcement of emergency financial relief to organic dairy farmers by the Department of Agriculture. The association has called on lawmakers and the Biden administration to help offset the high cost of production. USDA's Farm Service Agency fulfilled the mandate on time, announcing plans to distribute funding on Monday, January 23. The newly announced Organic Dairy Marketing Assistance Program will be administered by USDA's Farm Service Agency and will cover up to 75 percent of projected 2023 marketing costs for eligible organic dairy producers - targeting small and mid-sized operations. Organic Farmers Association Executive Director Kate Mendenhall says, "We applaud Congress for prioritizing family farms in crisis and prioritizing this emergency relief." New York organic dairy farmer Liz Bawden adds, "Organic dairies have had a very difficult two years, and this relief funding will hopefully make it to dairies in time to keep them in business." *********************************************************************************** World Food Prize Names Branstad as President The World Food Prize Foundation announces this week that former U.S. Ambassador to China Terry Branstad will join the organization as its President. World Food Prize Foundation Chair Paul Schickler says, "We are excited to bring on a leader with both global vision and strong roots in agriculture.” Branstad was Iowa's longest-serving governor and holds the record as the longest-serving governor in the history of the United States. He held the office of Governor of Iowa from 1983 until 1999, and then again from 2011 until 2017, when he was appointed U.S. Ambassador to China. He is a partner with the Branstad Churchill Group, LLC. The World Food Prize is presented each year in Iowa to an individual for their achievements in improving the quality, quantity, and availability of food in the world. The $250,000 award is presented each October in a ceremony at the Iowa State Capitol that attracts global leaders and participants. *********************************************************************************** Consumer Brands Association Supports New Trucking Legislation The Consumer Brands Association endorsed a new, bipartisan bill, this week. The Safer Highways and Increased Performance for Interstate Trucking Act, or "SHIP IT Act," would boost trucking capacity, improve supply chain efficiency and keep costs down for consumers. The SHIP IT Act was introduced by U.S. Representatives Dusty Johnson, a South Dakota Republican, and Jim Costa, a California Democrat. The legislation aims to address supply chain pinch points by increasing shipping capacity, lessening burdens on truck drivers and providing incentives to recruit and retain new drivers. The bill also modernizes the emergency use of certain vehicle waivers, offers workforce grants for truck drivers, simplifies the commercial driver's license process and tackles truck parking concerns. Consumer Brands vice president of supply chain Tom Madrecki says, “Ultimately, each step to enhance our supply chains with the latest tools and technologies available will ensure operations run as seamlessly as possible despite future disruptions.”

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday January 26, 2023 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report is due out at 7:30 a.m. CST, the same time as U.S. weekly jobs claims, the first estimate of fourth quarter U.S. GDP, December durable goods orders and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. December new home sales are out at 9 a.m., followed by U.S. natural gas storage at 9:30 a.m. Weather remains a big part of trader focus every day and export sales announcements have become more active lately. Weather Light snow continues behind a system across the eastern Midwest and Northeast Thursday. But the bigger story is a clipper system in the Canadian Prairies that will dive into northern Minnesota by Thursday evening. The system will bring scattered showers through both the Canadian Prairies and North-Central U.S. along with strong winds. Initially, temperatures will rise, but a strong cold front will pass down through the Canadian Prairies Thursday night and into the Northern Plains on Friday when temperatures will drop significantly.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday January 25, 2023 |

NCBA Sues Biden Administration to Overturn Lesser Prairie Chicken Listing The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association recently filed a Notice of Intent to sue the Department of the Interior and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NCBA is planning the lawsuit over the listing of the lesser prairie chicken under the Endangered Species Act. NCBA Associate Director of Government Affairs Sigrid Johannes says, “The lesser prairie chicken only survives today because of the voluntary conservation efforts of ranchers,” adding, “There are numerous places where this listing goes seriously wrong and we are defending cattle producers against this overreaching, unscientific rule.” The listing was previously set to take effect at the end of January, but thanks to pressure on the Biden administration from NCBA and our allies in Congress, the rule was delayed by 60 days. The listing will now take effect on March 27, 2023, and the states included in the species’ range are Kansas, Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Colorado. *********************************************************************************** Corn Growers Praise Biden Officials for Stance on Biotech Corn The National Corn Growers Association praised the Biden administration for issuing an official rejection of a recent proposed compromise from Mexico on biotech corn imports into the country. The development came during a meeting between Mexican officials and U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Secretary of Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Alexis Taylor and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative’s chief ag negotiator Doug McKalip. In a statement that came after the meeting, USTR and USDA said the changes offered by Mexico “are not sufficient and Mexico’s proposed approach, which is not grounded in science, still threatens to disrupt billions of dollars in bilateral agricultural trade, cause serious economic harm to U.S. farmers and Mexican livestock producers, and stifle important innovations needed to help producers respond to pressing climate and food security challenges.” NCGA President Tom Haag responded, “This is significant development and good news for corn growers.” Mexico announced in late 2020 a decree banning biotech corn into the country, beginning in early 2024. *********************************************************************************** Biden Again Nominates Dean and Schlanger to USDA President Joe Biden again nominated Margo Schlanger and Stacy Dean to politically appointed positions at the Department of Agriculture. Biden nominated Schlanger to serve as Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights and Dean as Undersecretary for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services. Both were nominated by the President to USDA during the last Congress but were not confirmed by the Senate. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack says Dean’s commitment during her time at USDA and throughout her career “makes her the ideal person to serve as Under Secretary for FNCS.” Throughout her life and career, Schlanger has devoted herself to civil rights and to public service. At the Department of Homeland Security. Vilsack says, “Schlanger would be able to continue her commitment to public service and civil rights as we at USDA continually seek to fairly and equitably serve our employees and customers.” The nominations of Schlanger and Dean were part of a slate of political appointees announced this week by the White House. *********************************************************************************** Cattle Accounted for Largest Portion of US Animal Receipts in 2021 U.S. farm cash receipts from animals and animal products totaled $195.8 billion in 2021, led by receipts for cattle and calves at $72.9 billion, or 37 percent. USDA’s Economic Research Service reports that poultry and egg products made up the next largest share of 2021 cash receipts at $46.1 billion, or 24 percent, followed by dairy at $41.8 billion, or 21 percent, hogs at $28.0 billion or 14 percent, and other animals and animal products at $7.0 billion, at four percent. As part of its Farm Income and Wealth Statistics data product, in late August or early September each year, the Economic Research Service releases estimates of the prior year’s farm sector cash receipts from agricultural commodity sales. The data provided includes cash receipt estimates by type of commodity, which can help in understanding the U.S. farm sector. The estimates may be revised as new information becomes available. *********************************************************************************** IFEEDER Releases Materials to Support Industry Sustainability Progress The Institute for Feed Education and Research Tuesday released its Animal Food Industry Sustainability Toolkit. The toolkit is intended to drive continuous improvement in the full feed value chain. The Institute also shared its definition for “sustainability,” grounding the public charity’s next steps on its multifaceted Sustainability Road Map project. IFEEDER defined “sustainability” for the U.S. animal food industry as “defined and managed by each individual organization to deliver measurable, continuous improvements on the impacts related to people, planet and governance that are most important to them and their stakeholders.” Lara Moody, IFEEDER executive director, says, “We have provided an ‘on ramp’ for the industry to help achieve leadership buy-in and employee engagement so that sustainability becomes part of their corporate cultures and shapes future business decisions.” The toolkit materials, which are supported by 18 months of research and development, are grouped into three stages: people, planet and governance. The toolkit is free for AFIA members and IFEEDER donors at ifeeder.org. *********************************************************************************** New Guide Helps Farms, Rural Small Businesses Go Solar Solar United Neighbors Tuesday released a new guide to help farmers and rural small business owners apply for a key federal grant and loan. The guide will make it easier for rural Americans to install solar energy at their property. The comprehensive guide takes applicants step-by-step through the Rural Energy for America Program, or REAP, application process. The REAP program has been so popular that funding for the grants has not been able to meet the demand. The Inflation Reduction Act, passed last year, quadrupled REAP funding over the next ten years. Farmers and rural small business owners can receive loan guarantees of up to 75 percent of total eligible project costs through REAP. They can receive grants for up to 40 percent of the total project cost. Solar United Neighbors is hosting a free webinar February 2 to educate attendees about the REAP program and what steps they need to take to apply. Learn more at solarunitedneighbors.org.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday January 25, 2023 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets The Bank of Canada is expected to raise its interest rate by a quarter-percent early Wednesday, a prelude to a rate hike, expected from the Federal Reserve on February 1. The U.S. Energy Department's weekly report of energy inventories is set for 9:30 a.m. CST, including ethanol production. Traders continue to keep tabs on the latest weather forecasts and will watch for a possible export sale announcement at 8 a.m. Weather A strong storm system that brought widespread precipitation to the Southern Plains on Tuesday continues toward the Northeast on Wednesday. A band of moderate to heavy snow has developed on the north side of the track, along and north of the Ohio River, while a line of showers and thunderstorms will move through the Southeast, some of which may be severe. Winds in the Southeast are fairly strong as well with gusts increasing into the 35-45 mph range in some areas.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday January 24, 2023 |

USDA Announces Additional Assistance for Dairy Farmers The USDA announced additional assistance for U.S. dairy producers, including a second round of payments through the Pandemic Market Volatility Assistance Program. The agency also announced a new Organic Dairy Marketing Assistance Program. The moves will help USDA better support small- and medium-sized dairy operations that weathered COVID and now face other challenges. “USDA is announcing a second set of payments totaling almost $100 million to close out the $350 million commitment under the pandemic assistance program,” says USDA Undersecretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs Jenny Moffitt. “The funds will be released through partnerships with dairy handlers and cooperatives to deliver the payments.” USDA will also be releasing new assistance targeted to small- and medium-sized organic dairy farmers. The goal will be to help those producers with anticipated marketing costs as they face a variety of challenges from weather to supply-chain challenges. For more information on USDA assistance, go to farmers.gov. *********************************************************************************** USDA Accepting Applications for Netherlands Trade Mission The USDA’s Foreign Agriculture Service is accepting applications from U.S. exporters for its first-ever agricultural trade mission to Amsterdam, Netherlands, April 17-20. “Agribusiness producers, exporters, and growers in the U.S. may find the Netherlands to be a perfect gateway into Europe,” says FAS Administrator Daniel Whitley. “Participants will explore exporting opportunities in this mature market, which continues to grow, and meet potential buyers in surrounding regional markets.” U.S. ag and related exports to the Netherlands reached $3.4 billion in 2021, making it the tenth-largest global market. During the trade mission, U.S. participants will meet with buyers from the Netherlands, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Belgium, and Germany. For companies interested in expanding sales in the Netherlands and the other markets, export opportunities include oilseeds, fats, vegetables, oils, grains, pulses, and many other exports. The deadline to apply for the Netherlands trade mission is Thursday, January 26. For information, go to fas.usda.gov. *********************************************************************************** Alltech Shares Global Feed Production Survey Alltech released its 2023 Agri-Food Outlook today, highlighting global feed production survey data. Despite significant challenges that hit the entire supply chain, global feed production remained steady in 2022 at 1.266 billion metric tons. That’s a decrease of only one-half of one percent from 2021’s estimates. The top feed-producing countries during the past year were China at number one with 260.7 million metric tons, the U.S. in second at 240.4 MMT, and Brazil a distant third with 81.9 million. Together, the top ten feed-producing countries produced 64 percent of the total world production. Half the world’s feed consumption is concentrated in four areas, including China, the U.S., Brazil, and India. Vietnam jumped ahead of Argentina and Germany into the top ten in feed tonnage. Russia overtook Spain, which reported a significant reduction in feed production. Feed production increased in several regions, including Latin America, North America, and the Oceania countries. *********************************************************************************** Farm Futures 2023 Planting Survey Results A survey from Farm Futures shows the 2023 acreage battle is ongoing. However, there could be a surprise when it comes to the total number of corn and soybean acres. A surge in projected wheat acres and costly inputs will likely limit any expansion of corn and soybean acres. About 70 percent of the respondents said they were locked in on 2023 acreage decisions by late December. Farm Futures says corn and soybean plantings will increase only minimally compared to past projections due in large part to shrinking profit margins for both corn and soybeans. The survey shows that 90.5 million acres of corn and 88.9 million acres of soybeans will get planted in the spring. Soaring costs of inputs likely mean more wheat acres as wheat typically requires less nitrogen. Anhydrous ammonia retailed for about $1,400 per ton last fall, so many farmers opted for less nitrogen-intensive crops for 2023 plantings. *********************************************************************************** Argentina Rain Forecast too Late to Save Crops Hot and dry weather continues to damage crops in Argentina and southern Brazil. Last week was the third-hottest and the overall driest third week in January in more than 30 years for the main soybean-growing regions in Argentina. The drought stress has combined with extremely hot temperatures to significantly drop the expected corn and soybean yields in Argentina. Agriculture Dot Com says more rain is in the forecast during the coming weeks, but the bad news is that the rains are too late to help crops. Brazil saw near-normal precipitation during the last week in Mato Grosso, the top-producing state in Brazil. However, hot and dry conditions continue to damage expected yields in southern Brazil. Dryness is expected to stick around in southern Brazil, and this week may become one of the hottest and driest weeks in more than 30 years in Rio Grande do Sul near the southern border. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Cattle on Feed Down Three Percent Cattle and calves on feed for the slaughter market in the U.S. for feedlots with a capacity of 1,000 or more head totaled 11.7 million on January 1. The inventory was three percent below January 1 of last year. That inventory included 7.03 million steers and steer calves, down four percent from the previous year. That group accounted for 60 percent of the total inventory. Heifers and heifer calves accounted for 4.65 million head, down one percent from 2022. Placements in feedlots during December totaled 1.8 million head, eight percent below 2021. Net placements were 1.75 million head. During December, placements of cattle and calves under 600 pounds were 435,000 head, 600-699 pounds were 435,000, 700-799 hit 415,000 head, and 800-899 pounds were 304,000 head. Marketings of fed cattle during December totaled 1.74 million head, six percent below last year. Other disappearances totaled 54,000 head in December, unchanged from 2021.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday January 24, 2023 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets There are no significant reports on Tuesday's docket, but judging from Monday's selling in grains, traders will remain focused on the latest weather reports and forecasts. Traders will also pause at 8 a.m. CST to see if USDA has another export sale to report after announcing 7.1 million bushels of soybeans to unknown destinations Monday. Outside markets may be an influence Tuesday with several big names expecting earning reports. Weather A strong storm is developing over Texas on Tuesday and will press northeast through Tuesday night, headed toward Memphis by early Wednesday morning. A batch of scattered showers and thunderstorms is developing with the system, including some moderate to heavy snow across the Texas Panhandle. That snow will extend up through Missouri later in the day and set up along and north of the Ohio River tonight. To the south, thunderstorms will produce moderate to heavy rain and have some potential for severe weather close to the Gulf of Mexico.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday January 23, 2023 |

Farm Group Wants Investigation Into Egg Prices A U.S. farm group is asking the Federal Trade Commission to look into the high prices of eggs and possible price gouging. Farm Action is a farmer-led advocacy organization that sent a letter to FTC Chair Lina Khan to share their concerns over “apparent price gouging.” They point out that Americans are paying more than ever for an important household staple. The USDA says a recent record outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza is the reason for the high prices. The group says the nation’s top antitrust regulator must look into the record-high profits of the nation’s top egg company. Cal-Maine Foods controls 20 percent of the retail egg market and reported a quarterly sales increase of 110 percent. Gross profits are 600 percent higher than the same time last year. The company says avian flu is driving up prices. However, Cal-Maine had no positive flu tests on any of its farms. *********************************************************************************** CoBank: Dairy Industry Eager for FMMO Reform America’s dairy producers and processors are closely watching discussions about the next farm bill and looking for reforms to Federal Milk Marketing Orders. CoBank says the industry feels that current FMMOs don’t reflect today’s market environment, and the consequences could be drastic. Make allowances are an important part of the orders that haven’t been updated since 2008 and were based on data from as far back as 2006. Make allowances estimate dairy processors’ costs of converting milk into dairy products. Many of those production costs, including labor and energy, have risen dramatically since make allowances were updated 15 years ago. While the current make allowances have stayed the same since 2008, prices for industrial power rose 64 percent, and labor costs in dairy manufacturing climbed 48 percent. While industrial natural gas prices have fallen 11 percent, they’ve been highly volatile during that time. Failing to update them could hinder future dairy industry growth. *********************************************************************************** Fertilizer Institute Names 2023 4R Advocates The Fertilizer Institute selected three farmers and their fertilizer retailers as 4R advocates. They’re being recognized for their commitment to implementing fertilizer management practices that incorporate the principles of 4R Nutrient Stewardship and have demonstrated economic and environmental benefits. Now in its 12th year, the 4R Advocate Program demonstrates the in-field successes of implementing 4R practices based on the right source, rate, time, and placement of fertilizer. “While 4R Nutrient Stewardship is a priority for the fertilizer industry, it’s also a tangible solution for thousands of farmers across America who are seeking fertilizer application practices that have a real-world impact on their bottom lines and their land,” says TFI president and CEO Corey Rosenbusch. The 2023 class of advocates represent 13,770 acres across three states and grow corn, soybeans, sugar beets, and other crops. In 2021, the fertilizer industry committed to putting 70 million acres of cropland under 4R management by 2030. *********************************************************************************** Clean Fuels Conference Begins Monday Clean Fuels Alliance America will kick off the Clean Fuels Conference on Monday, January 23 (today) at the Tampa Convention Center in Tampa, Florida. The event runs through Thursday and will likely draw more than 725 registered participants, including agricultural interests, clean fuel producers, marketers, end users, and more. It’s the 20th annual industry conference formerly known as the National Biodiesel Conference and Expo. This is the first-ever Clean Fuels Conference. “Companies know consumers want to feel better about their purchases,” says Clean Fuels CEO Donnell Rehagen. “Low-carbon transportation fuels in planes, trains, ships, and trucks will have to be the focus of their efforts.” The theme of this year’s conference is “United As One.” It’s designed to highlight the industry’s commitment to bringing together stakeholders to build a sustainable transportation future. The clean fuels industry set a goal of producing six billion gallons a year of sustainable fuels by 2030. *********************************************************************************** Lamb Board Releases New Strategic Plan The American Lamb Board released its fiscal year 2022 Annual Report to inform Mandatory Lamb Checkoff stakeholders of its work to mitigate outside forces and challenges and take advantage of opportunities ahead. “Even though many challenges were out of our control, it’s critical that we keep driving forward as hard as we can to promote American lamb and the U.S. sheep industry,” says ALB chair Peter Camino. ALB has also identified three primary goals as it turns to FY 2023. The first is to continue to grow consumer demand for American lamb. The second is to prioritize research and education efforts to improve product quality and consistency, increase productivity, and grow the year-round supply of lamb. The board also wants to expand the awareness, understanding, engagement, and involvement of stakeholders in the American Lamb Checkoff. “As the American lamb industry looks to the future, there are several areas of opportunity,” Camino says. *********************************************************************************** 2025 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Announced The USDA and the Department of Health and Humans Services announced the appointment of 20 nationally recognized scientists to serve on the 2025 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. The Committee will review the current body of science on key nutrition topics and develop a scientific report that includes its independent assessment of the evidence and recommendations for USDA and HHS as they develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The dietary guidelines serve as the foundation for national nutrition programs, standards, and education. In addition, they provide health professionals with guidance and resources to assist the public in choosing an overall healthy diet that works for them. “Diet-related diseases are on the rise across all age groups, and we must rise to the challenge by providing nutrition guidance that people from all walks of life can tailor to meet their needs,” says USDA Secretary Tom Vilsack. “This will help Americans achieve better nutritional habits.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday January 23, 2023 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, traders will check the latest weather forecasts, especially for Argentina where drought-stricken crops have increased chances for rain. Traders may pause at 8 a.m. CST to see if USDA has an export sale to announce and will check USDA's weekly report of export inspections at 10 a.m. Weather Another strong storm system is moving through the Four Corners area early Monday morning. That system will move into Texas tonight and head through the Northeast for Tuesday and Wednesday. Widespread precipitation will occur in Texas and Oklahoma tonight, including some moderate to heavy snow.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday January 23, 2023 |

Top 5 Things to Watch - Key Happenings the Newsroom is Tracking for the Week of Jan. 22-28 1. Altered reality of wheat. As DTN Lead Analyst Todd Hultman discussed in Friday's Todd's Take, there's a growing disconnect between supply and demand forces and the actual price of wheat. With continued low soil moisture in major parts of the U.S. breadbasket, continued war in the Black Sea area, and already low wheat stocks, Hultman expects current $7-$8 cash wheat prices (based on DTN's national cash index) to get a reality check at some point. 2. Clipper blockers hang in there, for now. Our weather team is watching two trough systems work their way through Texas to the Northeast, bringing additional moisture to the central and eastern portions of the country. Depending on where your farm is, the first of those systems might be there as you read this. The second should be right behind it early in the week. Both include a band of snow, so winter is far from gone. But for some time now frigid cold weather has been absent. Unfortunately, chances for the next arctic blast will probably come late next week as the pattern allows cold air to come down from Canada. 3. Fueling around: Deep winter can be time to refill fuel tanks drained by the last of harvest, but global diesel market conditions have put the squeeze on those plans. DTN Ag Business Editor Katie Dehlinger will gather the latest experts' thoughts on near- to medium-term fuel prices. Watch for her story by mid-week. 4. Laws and orders: We'll be watching a number of courtroom-related actions this week. These include the latest on a number of suits filed against the EPA over waters of the United States (WOTUS) regulations. The meat packing industry also will likely be in the courtroom news. Watch for stories on the complaint filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission that meat packer JBS isn't meeting carbon emissions goals. We'll also be looking into the recent mass of advertisements on social media platforms for cattlemen to join the price-fixing suits against Big Four meat packers. R-CALF USA filed the first suit in 2019, and the number of groups and food companies filing similar claims against the packers has grown in recent months. Along with that, advertisements from law firms offering to represent producers in any class action settlements are popping up like volunteer wheat after a grain cart spill. Legal experts say producers should not need representation; we'll get into the details. 5. Winter meetings pick up: We'll have DTN staff at several events this week. DTN Ag Policy Editor Chris Clayton will be in Kansas, looking in to the growing town versus farm water availability issues, and also attending the No-Till on The Plains Winter Conference, Jan. 23-25 in Wichita. Watch for his reporting from the Sunflower State. DTN Lead Analyst Todd Hultman will be at the Sioux Falls Farm Show in South Dakota, giving his latest market outlook on Jan. 25-27.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday January 20, 2023 |

Groups File Legal Challenges to New WOTUS Rule Groups representing agriculture, infrastructure, housing, and petroleum filed a legal challenge to the new Waters of the U.S. Rule. “The Biden Administration’s WOTUS definition is an attack on farmers and ranchers, and we’ll be fighting back in court,” says Mary-Thomas Hart, chief counsel for the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association. “The rule removes longstanding exclusions for small and isolated water features on farms and ranches and adds to the regulatory burden farmers already face.” Non-agriculture groups in the lawsuit include the American Petroleum Institute, the Associated General Contractors of America, and many others. “The new rule creates uncertainty for farmers and ranchers even if they’re miles from the nearest navigable water,” says Farm Bureau President Zippy Duvall. “We believe a judge will see these regulations exceed the scope of the Clean Water Act.” A Supreme Court decision in Sackett v. EPA could require the EPA to start over again on defining WOTUS. *********************************************************************************** Rebound Continues in Farm Lending Farm lending activity continued to gradually increase along with further growth in loan sizes. The Kansas City Federal Reserve says the average size of non-real estate farm loans was about 20 percent higher than a year ago and drove an increase in lending volumes for the fourth straight quarter. Average interest rates on farm loans rose sharply alongside higher benchmark rates and reached a ten-year high, putting additional upward pressure on financing costs. The outlook for farm finances remained favorable alongside elevated commodity prices, but increased interest rates, challenging weather, and high production costs remain key concerns. Higher expenses contributed to a rebound in lending last year, but strong income and liquidity likely limited the financing needs of many producers. Looking ahead, elevated operating expenses could put additional upward pressure on loan demand. Lending activity was seven percent higher than last year. Production expenses have increased by 15 percent since 2020. *********************************************************************************** NCBA Statement on USDA’s Proposed Traceability Rule National Cattlemen’s Beef Association President-Elect Todd Wilkinson released a statement on the USDA’s proposed rule on electronic identification for transporting cattle over state lines. “As USDA has worked toward a nationally significant traceability program, NCBA has engaged with industry stakeholders and USDA to ensure that cattle producers are represented and protected,” says Wilkinson, who also chairs the NCBA Traceability Working Group. “Any program must allow maximum flexibility and privacy while minimizing costs for producers and any industry disruptions.” NCBA also says foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks around the world continue to result in disruptions to commerce and depopulate livestock. That means immediate action is needed. “NCBA is committed to working with USDA to ensure workable solutions are identified and implemented,” Wilkinson says. The organization also says that cattle producers can be confident that any finished product will protect the nation’s livestock herd. The NCBA is continuing to review the proposed rule in its entirety. *********************************************************************************** USDA Investing Funds to Reduce Wildfire Risk Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack announced his agency is expanding efforts to reduce the risk of wildfires in the western U.S. Funds will be invested to directly protect at-risk communities and critical infrastructure in 11 additional landscapes in Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. “It’s no longer a matter of if a wildfire will threaten many western communities, it’s a matter of when,” Vilsack says. “This announcement means over $490 million will be used to restore national forests, including the restoration of resilient old-growth forest conditions.” The Forest Service announced its original ten landscape project areas last year. Combined with the additional announcement this week, that represents a total USDA investment of $930 million across 45 million acres. The work spans 134 of the 250 highest-risk fire sheds identified in the Wildfire Crisis Strategy and will mitigate the wildfire risk for around 200 communities in the western United States. *********************************************************************************** January Beige Book Contains Observations on the Ag Economy The Federal Reserve Board released its January 2023 Beige Book Update, which summarizes current economic conditions in each district. The summary includes agricultural conditions in several districts. The Fed in Atlanta said ag conditions were little changed from the previous report but did note Florida citrus yields were down notably due to Hurricane Ian. The Chicago Fed says after a strong year in the district, agricultural income will be lower in 2023 but still see solid returns. The St. Louis branch says inflation-adjusted farm incomes are near a 50-year high and leading to optimism for this year despite rising input costs. The Minneapolis Fed says ag conditions were stable as farm incomes and working capital remained strong heading into this year. Ag conditions in the San Francisco district remained in generally weak condition. Dollar sales were up but down in volume. Rainfall continued to improve soil moisture in the Dallas Fed’s district. *********************************************************************************** Avoiding Antibiotic Resistance on the Dairy Farm Antibiotic use in dairy animals is just to help the animal overcome illness. Mark van der List, a vet with Boehringer-Ingelheim, says the challenge is to help them overcome the sickness without furthering resistance and allowing antibiotic residue into food products. He says it’s important to work with a veterinarian who knows your herd as well as they do. Other tips include following label directions carefully. Producers need to mark and separate all treated animals. Every employee should be easily able to identify any treated animals. Make sure to keep detailed records of all treatments given to each animal in the herd. It’s also important to remove all doubt by making the protocol for treating animals as airtight as possible. “Dairy producers take the responsibility for antibiotic stewardship seriously,” van der List says. “While many already have strong measures in place, it’s always a good idea to fine-tune existing protocols.”

| Rural Advocate News | Friday January 20, 2023 |

Friday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report is due out at 7:30 a.m. CST, followed by U.S. existing home sales for December at 9 a.m. and USDA's cattle on-feed report for January 1 at 2 p.m. Traders continue to closely watch the latest weather forecasts, especially for Argentina where crop ratings fell even lower Thursday. The market will also check for a possible export sale announcement from USDA at 8 a.m. Weather As a system continues to push off the East Coast early Friday, some lake-effect snows will continue over the Great Lakes throughout the day. Another system is working its way through the Four Corners area and will move out into Texas tonight and Saturday. In response, widespread precipitation is expected to develop, including a band of moderate to heavy snow across Colorado and Kansas, bringing in much-need moisture for the longstanding drought. Mild temperatures continue across most areas east of the Rockies.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday January 19, 2023 |

USDA Seeks Comment on Proposal to Strengthen Animal Disease Traceability USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service proposes to amend animal disease traceability regulations and require electronic identification for interstate movement of certain cattle and bison. APHIS is also proposing to revise and clarify record requirements. The changes would strengthen the Nation's ability to quickly respond to significant animal disease outbreaks, according to USDA. Animal disease traceability, or knowing where diseased and at-risk animals are, where they've been, and when, is important to ensuring a rapid response when animal disease events occur. Rapid traceability in a disease outbreak could help ranchers and farmers return to selling their products more quickly, limit how long farms are quarantined, and keep more animals from getting sick. The proposed rule would require official eartags to be visually and electronically readable for official use for interstate movement of certain cattle and bison. A comment period on the proposal through the Federal Register is open through March 22, 2023. *********************************************************************************** USDA Publishes Strengthening Organic Enforcement Final Rule USDA’s National Organic Program Wednesday published the Strengthening Organic Enforcement final rule. The update to USDA organic regulations strengthens oversight and enforcement of the production, handling, and sale of organic products. The final rule implements 2018 Farm Bill mandates, responds to industry requests for updates to the USDA organic regulations, and addresses National Organic Standards Board recommendations. USDA Undersecretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs, Jenny Lester Moffitt, says, "Protecting and growing the organic sector and the trusted USDA organic seal is a key part of the USDA Food Systems Transformation initiative." The Strengthening Organic Enforcement rule is the biggest update to the organic regulations since the original Act in 1990, providing a significant increase in oversight and enforcement authority to reinforce the trust of consumers, farmers, and those transitioning to organic production, according to USDA. Organic stakeholders affected by the rule will have one year from the effective date of the rule to comply with the changes. *********************************************************************************** EPA Posts Revised WOTUS to Federal Register The Environmental Protection Agency and Army Corps of Engineers published the revised Waters of the U.S. rule in the Federal Register Wednesday. The publication means the revised rule will go into effect on March 20, 2023. EPA and the Army Corps announced the rule at the end of 2022, which will replace the Navigable Waters Protection Rule. At the time, American Farm Bureau Federation President Zippy Duvall commented, “EPA has doubled down on the old significant nexus test, creating more complicated regulations that will impose a quagmire of regulatory uncertainty.” The rule comes as agriculture awaits a Supreme Court decision in the Sacketts vs. EPA case, which could send WOTUS back to the drawing board. However, the Sackett case is not focused on the new rule. AFBF General Counsel Travis Cushman says, “you would probably need to have a new challenge to that rule," based on the Sackett Supreme Court decision. *********************************************************************************** December Producer Price Index Declines The Producer Price Index for final demand declined 0.5 percent in December, seasonally adjusted, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported Wednesday. The index measures the average change over time in the selling prices received by domestic producers for their output. Final demand prices advanced 0.2 percent in November and 0.4 percent in October. The index for final demand increased 6.2 percent in 2022 after rising 10.0 percent in 2021. Prices for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services edged up 0.1 percent in December, up 4.6 percent in 2022, following a seven percent rise in 2021. Nearly half of the December decrease for final demand goods can be traced to a 13.4-percent decline in prices for gasoline. The indexes for diesel fuel, jet fuel, fresh and dry vegetables, canned, cooked, smoked, or prepared poultry, and basic organic chemicals also fell. In contrast, prices for carbon steel scrap increased 8.3 percent. The indexes for chicken eggs and for electric power also moved higher. *********************************************************************************** Horticultural Products Drive Total U.S. Agricultural Import Growth The value of U.S. agricultural imports grew an average of four percent a year between fiscal years 2012 and 2022, according to USDA’s Economic Research Service. Total U.S. agricultural imports rose from $139 billion to $194 billion, with growth concentrated in select commodity groups. Horticultural products grew at a rate of six percent a year and, at $97.2 billion in value in 2022, accounted for 65 percent of the total growth in imports. Within the horticultural group, fresh fruits were the largest contributor at $17.9 billion, growing at an annual rate of nine percent over the period and accounting for 15 percent of total import growth. Key commodities in the fresh fruit group include avocados, berries, and citrus, which the United States imports mostly from Latin American countries. Demand for horticultural products has largely been driven by consumer desire for year-round supply, changing consumer preferences, and foreign production that is increasingly competitive with domestically grown produce. *********************************************************************************** IDFA Names Mike Brown as Chief Economist The International Dairy Foods Association this week named Mike Brown as chief economist. Brown has a long and distinguished career in the dairy industry, most recently leading the milk and dairy procurement team for The Kroger Co. as director of dairy supply chain. Brown is a recognized expert on milk pricing policy and has worked for both farmer-owned cooperatives and proprietary businesses, all of which are current IDFA members. IDFA President and CEO Michael Dykes says, “We are confident that with Mike Brown as IDFA’s chief economist, our approach to the future will ensure the domestic and global competitiveness of the U.S. industry.” IDFA also announced that it has engaged in consulting agreements with three policy and legal experts to support dairy policy and pricing efforts led by Carlin and Brown. They are Chip English, Steven J. Rosenbaum, and former U.S. Representative Collin Peterson. The additions come as the dairy industry expects a Federal Milk Marketing Order reform effort this year.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday January 19, 2023 |

Thursday Watch List Markets U.S. weekly jobless claims, December U.S. housing starts and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor will all be out at 7:30 a.m. CST Thursday. The U.S. Energy Department's natural gas storage report will attract interest at 9:30 a.m., now that gas prices are near $3.00 and will be followed by weekly energy inventories, including ethanol production at 10 a.m. USDA's monthly Livestock, Dairy and Poultry outlook is set for 2 p.m. Weather A strong winter storm that brought heavy snow to portions of the Central Plains and Midwest and heavy rain farther south continues east on Thursday, with more of the precipitation focused on the Midwest into the Northeast going into Friday. Another system is moving through the West, which will emerge in the Southern Plains on Friday. Even behind the current system, temperatures for most areas are above normal for this time of year.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday January 18, 2023 |

US, EU Sign Tariff Rate Quota Agreement U.S. and European Union trade leaders Tuesday signed the U.S. – EU Tariff Rate Quota Agreement. The agreement, once implemented, will enable the United States to preserve its existing access to the EU market for various agricultural commodities following the United Kingdom's exit from the EU on January 1, 2021. The new Tariff Rate Quota allocations are based on the historic pattern of agricultural exports to the 27 European Union Member States. The agreement will restore favorable market access for multiple U.S. agricultural products, including for U.S. rice, almonds, wheat, and corn, according to the U.S. Trade Representative's Office. In the first eleven months of 2022, the United States exported $11.1 billion worth of agricultural goods to the European Union. Trade Representative Katherine Tai, Sweden's Permanent Representative to the European Union, Ambassador Mikael Lindvall, and European Commission Deputy Director General for Agriculture and Rural Development, Michael Scannell, signed the agreement. *********************************************************************************** House Ag Committee Republicans Set Roster House Agriculture Committee Republicans started the week by announcing the committee’s Roster for the 118th Congress. Glenn GT Thompson of Pennsylvania serves as the chair of the committee. The roster features 12 new members, which includes returning member Frank Lucas of Oklahoma. Lucas previously chaired the committee from 2011 – 2015. Lucas led the committee during the development of the 2014 Farm Bill. Other notable new members include John Duarte of California and Mark Alford of Missouri. Duarte was the subject of a high-profile lawsuit filed by the Environmental Protection Agency under the Clean Water Act. The dispute ended in 2017 with Duarte agreeing to pay a civil penalty and preserve and restore streams and wetlands on his farm. Alford, a new member of Congress, ended a career as a Kansas City area news anchor to run for Congress. Additionally, 15 members return to the committee after serving in the previous Congress. *********************************************************************************** NASDA Sets 2023 Policy Priorities Press The National Association of State Departments of Agriculture Tuesday announced the organization’s primary policy focus for 2023. NASDA members, the state commissioners, secretaries and directors of agriculture, hand-selected seven issues to focus on. The issues include the 2023 Farm Bill, which NASDA says must remain unified, securing a commitment to American agriculture and the critical food and nutritional assistance programs for those who need it most. As for environmental regulations, NASDA supports the science-based and comprehensive regulatory framework the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act provides to ensure environmental and public health protection. Regarding the recently published “waters of the U.S.” rule, NASDA will continue to impress the role of states in regulating non-navigable waters. Other priorities include food production and the supply chain, food safety, animal health, international trade and workforce development. NASDA CEO Ted McKinney says, “We believe these are the areas where state departments of agriculture are uniquely positioned to lead impact and direct policymaking solutions this year.” *********************************************************************************** Rural Job Growth Shifting to High-skill Workers Over the last two decades, the strongest rural job gains were in smaller industries that tend to employ high-skill workers. USDA Economic Research Service reports the highest growth was in the real estate industry. Also showing rapid growth was the administrative services industry, which includes office administration, facilities support, business support services, security services, conventions and trade shows, and waste management and treatment. Other rural industries that grew over the past two decades were health care and social assistance; professional, scientific, and technical services; educational services; and finance and insurance. The growth of these industries represented a shift in rural production toward industries that employ higher shares of high-skill workers. Consistent with this shift, the percent of rural college-educated workers increased from 21.5 percent in 2012 to 23.8 percent in 2019. However, these rates have remained lower than the share of college-educated urban workers, at 38 percent in 2019. *********************************************************************************** House Ag Chair to Keynote Plant Based Product Council Conference House Agriculture Chairman Glenn GT Thompson will keynote the inaugural Plant Based Products Council Annual Conference in March. The Pennsylvania Republican will share remarks on Congress’ priorities for the 2023 Farm Bill, growing the bioeconomy, rural economic development, and fostering innovation in agriculture. PBPC Executive Director Jessica Bowman says, “We are excited to convene Chairman Thompson and other policy and industry leaders to drive this industry forward.” PBPC2023 will take place at the JW Marriott in Washington, D.C., from Monday, March 27, to Wednesday, March 29, 2023. The association's inaugural conference will explore the innovations, business models, and policies influencing the entire lifecycle of bioproducts in support of a robust circular economy. Attendees will hear from and network with industry leaders, policymakers, brands, and experts through panels, keynotes, networking sessions, and more. Learn more about the Plant Based Products Council and its inaugural annual conference at www.pbpc.com. *********************************************************************************** USDA Introduces an E-Application for the 1890 National Scholars Program The Department of Agriculture Tuesday unveiled a new e-application for the USDA/1890 National Scholars Program. The program aims to encourage students at 1890s institutions to pursue food and agriculture career paths. For the first time, the new e-application for the USDA/1890 National Scholars Program allows young people around the country to complete and submit their applications online. The program is administered through USDA’s Office of Partnerships and Public Engagement. The USDA/1890 National Scholars Program is a partnership between USDA and the country’s 19 historically Black land-grant universities that were established in 1890. USDA partners with these 1890 universities to provide scholarship recipients with full tuition, fees, books, room, and board. Scholarship recipients attend one of the 1890 land-grant universities, and pursue degrees in agriculture, food, natural resource sciences, or related academic disciplines. The scholarship also includes work experience at USDA. The application deadline is Wednesday, March 15, 2023. For more information, contact 1890init@usda.gov.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday January 18, 2023 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets A report on U.S. retail sales for December is due out at 7:30 a.m. CST, followed by December U.S. industrial production at 8:15 a.m. The Federal Reserve's monthly Beige Book is set for release at 1 p.m. and weekly energy inventories are pushed to Thursday morning, due the the holiday schedule. Traders will keep close watch on the latest weather forecasts, especially for South America, and for any news of an export sale. Weather A storm system that has moved into western Kansas is producing a band of heavy snow across portions of Colorado and Nebraska early Wednesday morning, along with scattered showers farther south and across Missouri and Arkansas along and ahead of a cold front. The heavy snow will spread northeast throughout the day and night, through Iowa, southern Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Heavy snowfall amounts of 6-12" are expected in this band, with potential for some heavier amounts in some places. Farther south along the cold front, severe weather will be possible, most likely this afternoon near the Lower Mississippi River Valley.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday January 17, 2023 |

NASDA Conducts Vietnam Trade Mission National Association of State Departments of Agriculture members and leadership traveled to Vietnam last week. The delegation embarked on the organization's first trade mission to explore global emerging markets through the Department of Agriculture Emerging Markets Program. NASDA President and Wyoming Department of Agriculture Director Doug Miyamoto, Washington State Department of Agriculture Director Derek Sandison, Delaware Secretary of Agriculture Michael Scuse, Texas Department of Agriculture Assistant Commissioner Dan Hunter and NASDA CEO Ted McKinney participated in the mission. The delegation explored trading opportunities and educated Vietnamese agricultural, government and business leaders on American agriculture and markets. NASDA was recently awarded $925,000 from USDA to promote exports of U.S. agricultural products to developing countries with strong growth potential, including Vietnam. NASDA will also conduct trade missions to Thailand, Indonesia and Kenya in 2023. NASDA is a nonpartisan, nonprofit association that represents the elected and appointed commissioners, secretaries and directors of the departments of agriculture in all 50 states and four U.S. territories. *********************************************************************************** Grassley Intends to Reintroduce Farm Credit for Americans Act Senator Chuck Grassley last week announced he intends to reintroduce the Farm Credit for Americans Act. The legislation bans the federal government from allowing foreign individuals to obtain credit and financial services through the Farm Credit System. The Iowa Republican wrote the legislation with Senator Sherrod Brown, an Ohio Democrat. Specifically, the legislation prevents the Farm Credit Administration from underwriting foreign buyers seeking to purchase U.S. farmland. It would amend the 1971 Farm Credit Act to ensure foreign nationals can’t obtain financing through federal government-backed financial institutions to purchase American farmland. Grassley says, “Young and beginning farmers here at home should not be squeezed out or compete with foreign investors subsidized by the American taxpayer.” According to the USDA, foreign ownership of U.S. farm acres increased 60 percent between 2009 and 2019. Increasingly, young and beginning farmers are competing with institutional investors, such as pension funds, endowments and even professional athletes who are diversifying their financial portfolios with prime farmland. *********************************************************************************** RMA to Host Crop Insurance Workshop for Specialty Crops, Organics Farmers in Iowa can attend a USDA's Risk Management Agency workshop to learn more about crop insurance options, including those designed for agricultural producers who grow specialty and organic crops. RMA will host the free in-person workshops Tuesday, January 24, in Davenport, Iowa. A morning and afternoon session is scheduled, and both have virtual options for producers outside the state or those who can't make it to the in-person event. The workshops will cover the ins and outs of the Whole-Farm Revenue Protection and Micro Farm programs, which are great insurance options for specialty crop, organic, urban, and other producers with diverse operations. RMA subject matter experts will provide an in-depth look at these policies. The events will include RMA Administrator Marcia Bunger and other RMA experts. Participants will have the opportunity to ask questions and get answers in real-time. The Risk Management Agency will hold another round of workshops next month in Michigan. *********************************************************************************** CHS Inc. and Cargill to expand TEMCO operations to include the Texas Gulf CHS Inc. and Cargill recently announced the intent to expand the scope of their joint venture, TEMCO LLC, by adding the Cargill-owned export grain terminal in Houston, Texas. The addition of the Houston terminal will expand the joint venture's export capabilities, providing shipping access for grains, oilseeds and byproducts through the port of Houston. TEMCO currently operates three facilities in the Pacific Northwest. The three facilities distribute grain to global markets, primarily located in the Asia-Pacific region. Through TEMCO, both companies look forward to building on 24 years of successful partnership to expand global grain market access for U.S. farmers to help meet the increasing global need for food. The Houston terminal is located approximately 40 miles inland from the Gulf of Mexico via Galveston Bay. With six million bushels of storage and capacity for 350 rail cars, the facility handles up to 250 million bushels annually. The terminal receives both trucks and railcars with a variety of commodities for global export. *********************************************************************************** Smithfield Foods Donates 35,000 Pounds of Food to Support Kentucky Smithfield Foods, Inc. has donated 35,000 pounds of food, equal to 140,000 servings, to help feed victims of the severe winter weather that recently engulfed Eastern Kentucky. Smithfield delivered the food products to Mercy Chefs, which is currently stationed in Hazel Green, Kentucky, to provide disaster relief for local residents. The Portsmouth, Virginia-based nonprofit travels to disaster zones across the U.S. to serve free chef-prepared, restaurant-quality hot meals to local residents, volunteers and first responders. Smithfield products donated to this relief effort include lunch meat, bacon, fully cooked boneless ham, hickory smoked ham and smoked spiral sliced ham. The extreme winter weather in Eastern Kentucky left many residents with frozen pipes and entire towns without potable water. Mercy Chefs expects to cook 2,000-3,000 hot meals per day for residents in the area. To make a donation or find out how to volunteer locally, visit MercyChefs.com/easternky. *********************************************************************************** Cumberland Introduces Scout Robot Cumberland, AGCO’s poultry production equipment brand, is introducing Scout, the world’s first ceiling-suspended robot system. The system continuously monitors broiler chickens and their poultry house environments to increase animal welfare as well as farm productivity. Scott Becker, director of North America sales for Cumberland, says, “With Scout, producers can achieve better feed conversion, early disease detection and fine-tuning of climate control, resulting in reduced mortality and less condemnation numbers.” The advanced robot uses a complete set of sensors to map key indicators that impact bird health and performance, including thermal comfort, air quality, light intensity, sound levels and bird distribution. Scout also classifies excrement for early disease detection 24 to 48 hours before producers may become aware of an issue. In addition, the technology identifies dead birds. Monitoring information is available to producers 24/7 from any device, including daily and weekly reports with maps of their entire house.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday January 17, 2023 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets Back from a three-day weekend, traders may still be pondering the many new estimates USDA set out last Thursday. News over the weekend and the latest weather forecasts, especially anything pertaining to South America, will be reviewed. There are no significant reports on Tuesday's docket other than USDA's weekly grain export inspections at 10 a.m. CST. Weather A system was moving through the Great Lakes early Tuesday with scattered showers arcing through the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast as well. This system continues to push east throughout the day. Another will be right on its heels as it moves from the Four Corners into the Central Plains tonight. A band of heavy snow is expected to develop over northeast Colorado through Nebraska and into the Upper Midwest tonight through Wednesday, along with scattered showers and thunderstorms for southwest Kansas down through west Texas. The precipitation over the southwestern Plains will be most welcome as the region remains in severe drought. It remains very warm across most of the country during the statistically coldest week of the year.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday January 13, 2023 |

USDA Releases January WASDE Report USDA released the latest World Agricultural Supply and Demand report Thursday. This month's U.S. corn outlook calls for reduced production, food, seed, and industrial use, feed and residual use, exports, and ending stocks. Corn production is estimated at 13.730 billion bushels, down 200 million. Exports were reduced 150 million bushels to 1.925 billion, reflecting the slow pace of shipments through December, and the lowest level of outstanding sales as of early January since the 2019/20 marketing year. The season-average corn price received by producers is unchanged at $6.70 per bushel. Soybean production is estimated at 4.276 billion bushels, down 69 million, led by reductions for Missouri, Indiana, Illinois, and Kansas. The soybean export forecast was reduced 55 million bushels to 2.0 billion. The U.S. season-average soybean price is projected at $14.20 per bushel, up 20 cents. The outlook this month calls for increased supplies, larger domestic use, unchanged exports, and lower ending stocks. The season-average farm price is unchanged at $9.10 per bushel. *********************************************************************************** Total Household Income up for Commercial Farms From 2015 to 2021, the median total household income for commercial U.S. farms rose an estimated 16 percent, to $278,339 from $238,994. Commercial farms earn more than $350,000 gross cash farm income regardless of the principal operator’s occupation. USDA’s Economic Research Service reports that in 2021, the median total household income for commercial farms remained above the median income of $75,201 for all U.S. households. Farm households rely on a combination of on-farm and off-farm sources of income. On-farm income is determined by farm costs and returns that vary from year to year, and in any given year, a majority of farm households report negative farm income. Off-farm sources—including wages, nonfarm business earnings, dividends, and transfers—are the main contributor to household income for most farm households. Because households operating commercial farms rely mostly on on-farm sources of income, they experience the largest shocks in household income when farm sector income rises or falls. *********************************************************************************** USDA Accepting Applications for Netherlands Trade Mission USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service is accepting applications from U.S. exporters for its first-ever regional agricultural trade mission to Amsterdam, Netherlands, April 17 – 20, 2023. FAS Administrator Daniel Whitley says, “Participants will explore exporting opportunities in this mature market, which continues to grow, and meet potential buyers in surrounding regional markets.” U.S. agricultural and related exports, including fishery and forestry products, to the Netherlands totaled $3.4 billion in 2021, ranking it the U.S.’s 10th largest market globally. During the trade mission, U.S. participants will meet with buyers from the Netherlands, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and neighboring Belgium and Germany. Participants will conduct business-to-business meetings with potential buyers, receive market briefings from FAS and trade experts, and participate in site visits and other networking activities while in the Netherlands. The deadline to apply for the Netherlands trade mission is Thursday, January 26. Information about the trade mission and how to apply is available on the USDA FAS website. *********************************************************************************** USA Rice Calls House Ways and Means Chair Smith an Ally Earlier this week, Representative Jason Smith was tapped to lead the powerful House Committee on Ways and Means. The Missouri Republican will lead the oldest committee in the U.S. Congress, which is the principal tax-writing body in the House of Representatives. The committee oversees not only taxes and revenue generation, but also tariffs and reciprocal trade agreements for the United States. USA Rice member and Missouri farmer Zach Worrell says, “Congressman Smith has long been a friend of Missouri agriculture and especially Missouri rice,” adding, “We are looking forward to having a rice industry ally lead this committee to advocate for U.S. rice on a global scale on the many trade issues we face.” Tax policy continues to be an important issue for rice farmers and rice-related businesses looking to pass operations onto the next generation. Smith is a farmer, businessman, and former state legislator, and is currently serving his sixth term representing Missouri’s 8th Congressional District. *********************************************************************************** Thank You Farmers Project Donations Surpass $4 Million Culver's Thank You Farmers Project has now eclipsed $4 million raised since its creation in 2013. Through initiatives organized by Culver's on a systemwide level and the fundraising efforts of local restaurants throughout 2022, the program raised $750,000 toward its mission of advocating for the positive impact agriculture has on the world. Proceeds raised through the Thank You Farmers Project directly support those actively bringing positive change to the agriculture industry. These beneficiaries include groups making a difference with agriculture efforts in Culver's local communities as well as national organizations working to advance the industry on a broader scale, like the National FFA Organization and U.S. Farmers and Ranchers in Action. Alison Demmer, Culver's marketing and public relations manager, says, “We were so proud to see our guests join in this mission with us in 2022, and we look forward to supporting agriculture together through the Thank You Farmers Project long into the future." *********************************************************************************** Commodity Classic Registration Ends January 20 Only a few days remain to take advantage of early registration discounts for the 2023 Commodity Classic to be held March 9-11 in Orlando. Friday, January 20, 2023, is the last day the early registration discount will be in effect. Commodity Classic 2023 co-chair George Goblish says, “Going to Commodity Classic is an investment in any grower’s operation.” Registration fees vary depending on the number of days attended. Full registration covers all three days of the event, and one-day registrations are also available. Members of the National Corn Growers Association, American Soybean Association, National Sorghum Producers, National Association of Wheat Growers, and the Association of Equipment Manufacturers receive additional discounts on registration. All registration and housing reservations should be made online at CommodityClassic.com. The 2023 Commodity Classic will be held at the Orange County Convention Center West Concourse in Orlando, Florida. The convention center will house all Commodity Classic events.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday January 13, 2023 |

Friday Watch List Markets On Friday the 13th, the University of Michigan's index of U.S. consumer sentiment is due out at 9 a.m. CST and several Federal Reserve officials are speaking around the country. Traders will keep tabs on the latest weather forecasts, especially in South America and will still be influenced by data from Thursday's USDA reports. January futures contracts in the soy complex are set to expire early Friday. Weather A system leaving the East Coast and another along the West Coast will produce scattered showers on Friday. Some relatively cold air moving over the Great Lakes will produce a bit of lake-effect snow as well. Temperatures remain mild for the coldest time of the year outside of the Southeast, even after a cold front moved through this week.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday January 12, 2023 |

Equipment Sales Mixed in 2022 Combine harvester sales finished 2022 with healthy gains in unit sales while ag tractors finished below 2021 levels in both the U.S. and Canada. The Association of Equipment Manufacturers says total U.S. ag tractor unit sales fell during December and the whole year when compared with 2021. The sub-40 horsepower segment led losses in both time frames, losing 26 percent for the month and 19 percent for the calendar year. U.S. combine sales grew 16 percent in December and finished 2022 almost 16 percent higher than the previous year. Only one other segment was higher for the year, which was the 100-plus horsepower units, finishing the year up 11 percent despite dropping two percent in December. In Canada, combine harvesters led the yearly sales by finishing almost 11 percent higher than in 2021 and were assisted by a 27 percent sales bump in December. Tractor sales dropped seven percent in 2022. *********************************************************************************** AFBF Establishes 2023 Policy Priorities Delegates at the American Farm Bureau Federation’s 104th annual convention adopted policies that will guide the organization’s work in 2023. Some of the key topics ranged from expanding risk management programs and improving dairy pricing transparency to battling hunger. “There’s a lot of work to do in 2023 as Congress drafts the next farm bill, and the policies set forth will guide AFBF as we work to ensure farmers and ranchers can continue to meet the growing needs of families in America and around the world,” says President Zippy Duvall. Delegates voted to modernize the farm bill by expanding baseline funding, developing more flexible disaster relief programs, and extending protection to more specialty crops. They also voted to bring more transparency to the federal milk pricing system. Voting delegates also formalized the organization’s opposition to the new Waters of the U.S. rule and a potential Mexican ban on GMO corn. *********************************************************************************** NACD Application Period for Conservation Grants The National Association of Conservation Districts announced the open application period for the 2023 Urban and Community Conservation Grant Initiative. The grants are open to any conservation district or tribe within the U.S. and in the territories. Through a partnership with the Natural Resources Conservation Service, NACD has awarded over $6.5 million to 131 conservation districts and tribes in 37 states and Puerto Rico. As part of an ongoing effort to build capacity in the community-oriented agricultural space, NACD started offering UAC planning grants worth up to $10,000 each in 2022. The planning grants allow organizations that are new to urban or community agriculture to begin early-stage development of a program to provide conservation technical assistance. NACD will continue to offer the planning grants as well as the traditional implementation grants which are more focused on the provision of technical assistance. More information and the application are available at nacdnet.org. *********************************************************************************** USDA Expands Eligibility, Improves Benefits for Disaster Programs USDA has made several updates to different conservation, livestock, and crop disaster assistance programs to give more farmers, ranchers, and tribes the opportunity to access them. Ease of access is especially important after natural disasters. The Farm Service Agency expanded eligibility and enhanced available benefits for a suite of its programs. The updates will provide critical assistance to producers who need to rebuild and recover after suffering catastrophic losses of production and infrastructure due to natural disasters. USDA updated the Emergency Conservation Program, the Emergency Assistance for Livestock, Honeybees, and Farm-raised Fish, the Livestock Forage Disaster Program, the Livestock Indemnity Program, and the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program. “As I meet with producers across the country, I’ve gained a better understanding of the ways in which our programs work and how they can be improved to better support all producers,” says Zach Ducheneaux, FSA Administrator. “Especially those who are rebuilding.” *********************************************************************************** CHS Reports First-Quarter Earnings CHS released results for its first quarter which ended on November 30, 2022. The company reported a quarterly income of $782.6 million compared to $452 million in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. First-quarter highlights from this year include revenues of $12.8 billion compared to $10.9 billion in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, a year-over-year increase of 17 percent. Continued robust demand for commodities, coupled with market volatility, resulted in strong earnings across all of the company’s business segments. The company’s soybean and canola processing businesses in the Ag segment benefited from strong demand for meal and oil. “The U.S. agricultural industry has benefitted from ongoing strong global demand for grain and oilseed commodities,” says Jay Debertin, president and CEO of CHS. “Our continued strong earnings are attributable to market dynamics and supported by our investments on behalf of our owners that will drive efficiency and operational improvements.” ************************************************************************************ Pro Athletes Buying Iowa Farmland Cincinnati Bengals quarterback Joe Burrow and longtime NBA player Blake Griffin are among some of the big-name athletes who are investing in Iowa farmland. They’ve joined up with more than 20 other pro athletes from the NFL, NHL, the NBA, and Major League Baseball to form an investment fund of about $5 million, which was used to buy farmland in Iowa. Other athletes in the group include Kemba Walker, formerly of the Dallas Mavericks of the NBA, and Khris Middleton of the defending NBA champion Milwaukee Bucks. The group is buying the land and will lease it to farmers who will work it and give the athletes a single-digit percentage annual return on their investment. It’s believed that the group will be looking to buy at least four more properties. They’ve already looked into several watermelon farms in Oregon that offer a higher per-acre rent than other larger farms.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday January 12, 2023 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report is due out at 7:30 a.m. CST Thursday, the same time as weekly U.S. jobless claims, the December consumer price index and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. The Energy Department's weekly report of natural gas storage is set for 9:30 a.m., followed by USDA's Crop Production, WASDE, Grain Stocks and Winter Wheat Seedings reports -- all at 11 a.m. DTN's WASDE webinar follows at 12:30 p.m. Weather A system moving along or just north of the Ohio River on Thursday is producing thunderstorms along the river, some of which may be severe this morning. A larger threat for severe weather comes with thunderstorms developing over Mississippi that will move eastward through the rest of the day. Tornadoes and strong wind gusts are the main threats to the storms. Winds will be elevated around the system as well. More rain is moving through the West Coast, but most of California is getting a break from the recent heavy precipitation.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday January 11, 2023 |

Vilsack: No Compromise with Mexico on GMO Corn After a speech at the American Farm Bureau’s annual convention, Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack said there will be no compromise when it comes to the Mexican corn situation. The U.S. won’t back down or compromise on its stance against Mexico’s plan to ban imports of genetically modified yellow corn. Vilsack says the American government is supposed to reply by January 15 to Mexico’s proposal to delay the ban until 2025. U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai has spoken to her Mexican counterpart about the dispute. Speaking to reporters at the AFBF convention, Vilsack said that if Mexico doesn’t agree to withdraw its import ban, the White House will then push the USMCA on trade rules. Vilsack told Mexico’s President Lopez Obrador that he won’t be able to find enough non-GMO corn to import and feed the country’s livestock sector. The larger issue is about a trading system with “less friction,” not more friction. *********************************************************************************** Major U.S. Ag Groups Testify on Proposed 2023-2025 RVOs The Environmental Protection Agency held a virtual public hearing this week on its proposed Renewable Volume Obligation blending requirements under the Renewable Fuel Standard for 2023-2025. A number of the nation’s leading agriculture organizations and supporters testified during the hearing. Tom Haag, President of the National Corn Growers Association, said during testimony that they support the growth trajectory in the EPA proposal, but biofuels can contribute even more. Geoff Cooper of the Renewable Fuels Association says, “The proposed ‘Set” rule establishes a firm foundation for the future of the RFS and creates a pathway to sustainable growth in the use of low-carbon fuels.” Brooke Coleman, executive director of the Advanced Biofuels Business Council, says they appreciate EPA’s commitment to setting a multiyear RVO, curtailing Small Refiner Exemptions, and establishing reasonable growth across all categories of biofuels. “However, EPA left some tools on the shelf for promoting innovation in cellulosic biofuel,” Coleman said. *********************************************************************************** Biodiesel Group Unhappy with EPA Proposal on RVOs Clean Fuels Alliance America members testified during the Environmental Protection Agency’s “Public Hearing on RFS Standards for 2023-2025 and Other Changes.” Staff members expressed frustration with the proposed volumes for biomass-based diesel because they don’t match the volumes that are already in the market and don’t account for expected growth in capacity and feedstocks. “This proposed rule significantly undercounts existing biomass-based diesel production and fails to provide growth for investments the industry has already made in additional capacity, including for sustainable aviation fuel,” Clean Fuels CEO Donnell Rehagen said during testimony. “Clean Fuels is once again frustrated that EPA has the wherewithal needed to determine current production, the knowledge of the investments being made, and the resources to accurately determine feedstock availability, and yet proposes a no-growth scenario,” says Kurt Kovarik, Vice President of Federal Affairs. Rehagen also said EPA committed to promoting homegrown fuels but failed to follow through. *********************************************************************************** Farm Bureau Recognizes Young Farmer and Rancher Competition Winners The American Farm Bureau Federation recognized the winners of the Young Farmers and Ranchers Achievement Award, Discussion Meet, and Excellence in Agriculture Competitions. Young farmers and ranchers competed for the awards by demonstrating knowledge, achievement, and commitment to promoting agriculture. Daniel and Carla Trantham of Alabama won the Achievement Award, which recognizes young farmers and ranchers excelling in their farming and ranching operations and exhibiting superior leadership abilities. Mike Hannewald of Ohio won the Discussion Meet, which simulates a committee meeting in which active participation is required. Participants are evaluated on their ability to exchange ideas and information on a predetermined topic. Stacie Anderson of Ohio won the Excellence in Agriculture Award, which recognizes young farmers and ranchers who don’t derive the majority of their income from an agricultural operation, but who actively contribute and grow through their involvement in agriculture, leadership ability, and participation in Farm Bureau and other organizations. *********************************************************************************** NCC Releases Most Comprehensive Guidelines for Poultry Care The National Chicken Council developed the NCC Broiler Welfare Guidelines and Audit Checklist in 1999. The goal was to help poultry producers show consumers that all of the birds were being treated with respect and properly cared for during their lives. NCC recently published its 2023 update of the NCC Broiler Welfare Guidelines, which are more robust than ever before and include new parameters to improve bird welfare. The new guidelines include identifying Key Welfare Indicators like paw/footpad health, gait scoring, effective processing parameters, and minimizing leg and wing injuries. It also includes whistleblower protection, an additional focus on training programs for proper handling, a more streamlined tool for ease of auditing, and an increased focus on bird behavior, objective measures, and welfare outcomes. “With this certification, consumers can feel confident that when buying and eating chicken, the birds were well-cared for,” says Dr. Ashley Peterson, senior VP of scientific and regulatory affairs. ************************************************************************************ Center Hosts Thai Retailers and Marketers to Boost Exports A group of six cheese retailers and cheese marketing specialists from Thailand will visit the Center for Dairy Research at the University of Wisconsin in Madison on January 18-20. It’s part of a two-week program to learn about gourmet cheeses. The program, funded through a Cochran Fellowship Program Grant from the USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service, will also involve visiting dairy farms, cheese factories, specialty cheese shops, large retail grocery chains, restaurants, and bars. The visit focuses on training and networking, helping the Thai build relationships with manufacturers, companies, distributors, and government partners. The overall objective of the program is to ultimately expand U.S. cheese exports to Thailand. Some of the activities at the Center include cheese tastings and evaluations, demonstrating activities like Swiss cheese and specialty/artisan cheese making, and lectures on the basics of cheese science and the cheesemaking process. The proposal and itinerary for the visit were first announced in February 2022.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday January 11, 2023 |

Wednesday Market Watch Markets The U.S. Energy Department will have its weekly inventory report at 9:30 a.m. CST Wednesday, including an update of ethanol production, previously reported at 844,000 barrels per day. Traders will keep an eye on KC wheat after prices broke below their December low Tuesday, check the latest weather forecasts and see if USDA has an export sales announcement at 8 a.m. Trading in grains may turn quiet ahead of Thursday's USDA reports. Weather A two-part storm is moving through the country Wednesday. The first piece is producing a mix of snow and freezing rain across Minnesota and Wisconsin that will push eastward and may expand showers into the Ohio Valley later in the day. The second, larger storm is pressing through the central Rockies and will exit into the Plains later in the day. This storm will start to produce scattered showers in Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska this afternoon, with snow or rain changing to snow and a couple of inches of accumulation. The storm will miss most of the Southern Plains, but winds will increase as the cold front moves through, which is a major fire risk for this are in deep drought. Temperatures remain above normal for most of the country.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday January 10, 2023 |

Farm Bureau Signs MOU on Right to Repair The American Farm Bureau and John Deere signed a memorandum of understanding that ensures farmers’ and ranchers’ rights to repair their own equipment. The MOU, signed at the AFBF annual convention, is the culmination of several years of discussions between AFBF and John Deere. “This addresses a long-running issue for farmers and ranchers when it comes to accessing tools, information, and resources while protecting John Deere’s intellectual property rights and ensuring safety,” says AFBF President Zippy Duvall. “Farmers must have the freedom to choose where equipment is repaired or repair it themselves to help control costs.” David Gilmore of John Deere says the agreement reaffirms Deere’s commitment to making sure its customers have the diagnostic tools they need. The MOU creates a mechanism to address farmer concerns. John Deere commits to engaging with farmers and dealers to resolve issues when they arise and will meet with AFBF yearly to evaluate progress. *********************************************************************************** USDA Announces Major Program Improvements, Progress, and Investments Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack announced several major developments at the USDA that will help benefit farmers and ranchers across the nation. Speaking at the AFBF annual convention in Puerto Rico, Vilsack said they want to provide all farmers with the opportunities they need to continue farming, build and maintain their competitive edge, and access more, new, and better markets. He says USDA is moving forward with the Fertilizer Production Expansion Program and published comments on the importance of increased competition. The agency is also improving risk protection for beginning, veteran, limited resource, and minority producers. USDA is also investing more than $12 million to expand independent meat and poultry processing capacity in Ohio, Michigan, and Minnesota. There are new programs coming to fill the gaps in the 2020-2021 Natural Disaster Assistance and the 2020 Pandemic Assistance Programs. “By working together, we can ensure that American agriculture remains resilient,” Vilsack says. *********************************************************************************** CNH Workers Say No to Proposed Contract United Auto Workers at Case New Holland Plants in Burlington, Iowa, and Racine (ray-SEEN), Wisconsin, voted down a contract proposal on Saturday night that would have ended a strike. The president of UAW Local 807 says 45 percent voted yes, and 55 percent voted no to the offer. Internal meetings are ongoing among union members to see what the process is going to look like going forward. The union went on strike against the agriculture manufacturer on May 2 of last year. On May 19, 2022, CNH presented the union with what it called a “final, all-encompassing, comprehensive offer.” However, union members didn’t vote on this deal because union leaders didn’t feel it covered the cost of inflation. A spokesperson for CNH Industrial says the company is disappointed to learn that its recently negotiated and improved “Last, Best, and Final Offer” was not approved in the ratification vote by the union. *********************************************************************************** Poll Shows Voters Support Ethanol and RFS, Oppose EV Mandates A new survey of registered voters shows significant support for ethanol and the Renewable Fuel Standard while revealing opposition to banning liquid fuels or mandating electric vehicles. Morning Consult conducted the survey for the Renewable Fuels Association. “As the new Congress settles in and considers the future of our nation’s energy policy, these polling results demonstrate that Americans strongly support the expanded use of lower-cost, lower-carbon renewable fuels like ethanol,” says RFA President Geoff Cooper. According to the survey, almost 55 percent of the respondents support the Renewable Fuel Standard, while only 15 percent expressed opposition to the program. Meanwhile, 64 percent of respondents have a favorable opinion of ethanol, while just 18 percent said unfavorable. Half the respondents said they weren’t interested in purchasing or leasing an electric vehicle in the next three years, while 42 percent expressed interest. Sixty-six percent oppose banning the sale of liquid-fueled engines in cars. *********************************************************************************** Forum will Reaffirm Beef Industry’s Commitment to Sustainability Cattle producers are committed to protecting environmental resources, supporting communities, and creating an economically viable future through effective management practices. The “Beef Sustainability Forum” coming up on Thursday, February 2, in New Orleans, Louisiana, will help highlight the industry’s sustainability efforts. The panel discussion will be moderated by Collin Woodall, CEO of the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association. “Sustainability continues to be a top priority for NCBA and is an issue at the forefront of the entire beef industry,” says Josh White, senior executive director of producer education and sustainability with the NCBA. “This special event will include cattle producers and industry leaders from various sectors discussing strategies that improve sustainability, and how those efforts can enhance sustainability for the entire industry.” It’s a part of the annual Cattle Industry Convention and NCBA Trade show, the oldest and largest convention in the cattle business. For more information and to register, go to convention.ncba.org. ***********************************************************************************  Farm Bureau Chooses Farm Dog of the Year Contest Winner The American Farm Bureau Federation picked the 2023 winner of the Farm Bureau Dog of the Year Award. Her name is “Tough,” and she’s a Border Collie owned by Denny and Donna Ashcraft of the Kansas Farm Bureau. “Farmers and ranchers love what they do, but it can be stressful, even on the best days,” says AFB President Zippy Duvall. “Farm dogs play a dual role as working dogs and companions to farm families, and that can help ease the burden.” The contest celebrates farm dogs that work alongside farmers and ranchers as they produce nutritious food for families and pets across America. Tough, the grand prize winner is 14 years old and has been with the Ashcraft family since the age of two. Tough injured her spinal cord and was paralyzed for a week when she was seven years old. The Border Collie recovered and spends her days working livestock.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday January 10, 2023 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets On Tuesday, Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell is scheduled to speak in Sweden, otherwise there are no significant events on Tuesday's docket. Two days ahead of the next WASDE report, trading may be quiet and traders will be watching the latest weather forecasts, as well as any developing news. Weather A two-part system is moving through the West on Tuesday. The leading wave will move along the U.S.-Canada border tonight with some showers across the northern tier of the country. The second part will continue to pound California, the southern Great Basin, and the Central Rockies with even more precipitation and a chance for a few severe thunderstorms. Otherwise it remains quite warm by January standards across the country.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday January 9, 2023 |

Food Prices Drop in December but 2022 till Significantly Higher than 2021 The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization’s Food Price Index dropped during December, but 2022 food prices were 18 percent higher than in 2021. The December index averaged 132.4 points, 2.6 points below November, the ninth-straight monthly decline. The December drop was driven by a steep decline in the international vegetable oil price and declining cereal and meat prices. However, that was counterbalanced by rising prices in sugar and dairy. For 2022, the index averaged 143.7 points, 18 points or 14.3 percent higher than the 2021 index. The Vegetable Oil Price Index averaged 144 points in December, down more than 10 points from November and its lowest level since February 2021. The Cereal Price Index averaged 147.3 points during December, down 2.9 points from November but was almost seven points higher than December 2021. The December dairy index was up 1.5 points, and the sugar index was 2.8 points higher. *********************************************************************************** Vilsack in Puerto Rico and Will Address AFBF Convention Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack will be in Puerto Rico on January 9 and 10 and speak at the American Farm Bureau Federation’s Annual Convention. He’ll also engage in a series of events involving the USDA’s commitment to fostering economic development, supporting disaster recovery, increasing the island’s resilience against future storms, supporting disaster recovery, and creating new market opportunities for the country’s producers. At various events throughout the trip, Vilsack will be joined by Puerto Rico’s Resident Commissioner, Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary of Economic Development and Commerce, as well as various elected officials. He’ll also hold discussions with local officials, producers, and stakeholders about USDA efforts to support the country’s rural communities, climate-smart agriculture, disaster assistance, and other issues important to Puerto Rico’s population. He’ll also meet with Puerto Rico’s Governor to talk about USDA and the Puerto Rican government’s efforts to collaborate on supporting the island’s producers and rural communities. *********************************************************************************** Report Shows Global Biofuel Demand to Increase Over 20 Percent by 2027 The International Energy Agency released its Renewables 2022 Analysis Report in December, and it shows a growing global demand for biofuels. Renewables 2022 includes extensive analysis of the renewable energy sector, including developments and trends for transportation. “In this most recent IEA report, total global biofuel demand is estimated to increase more than 20 percent between 2020 and 2027,” says Isabelle Ausdal, manager of global ethanol policy and economics with the U.S. Grains Council. “World ethanol consumption is projected to rise in an accelerated case scenario.” She also says this reinforces the U.S. industry’s recognition of ethanol’s importance as a tool for countries to accelerate their greenhouse gas emissions reductions and underscores the importance of scaling up technologies like carbon capture, utilization, and storage to reach net zero carbon intensity. The report details increasingly ambitious energy targets in the European Union, growth in ethanol consumption in Brazil, and biofuel blending in India. *********************************************************************************** World’s First Honeybee Vaccine Gets Approved Pollinators are a big part of success in world agriculture. The USDA granted a conditional license for a vaccine to protect the country’s honeybees from foulbrood disease. Earth Dot Com says the bacterial infection weakens and kills honeybee colonies and has no treatment. The vaccine was developed by Dalan Animal Health and brings hope for a weapon against a disease that regularly ravages colonies that are highly important to food pollination. In parts of the U.S., the foulbrood disease has been found in over a quarter of honeybee hives. Beekeepers typically destroy and burn infected colonies and administer antibiotics to stop the further spread of the disease. The vaccine works by incorporating some of the bacteria into the royal jelly fed to the queen by worker bees. After ingesting the jelly, the queen will gain some of the vaccine in her ovaries and developing bee larvae will have immunity to foulbrood. *********************************************************************************** USDA Reports Shows Increasing Use of Cover Crops Cover crops are an increasingly popular management practice among many U.S. farmers. The goal is to provide seasonal living cover between their primary commodity cash crops. Farmers plant those cover crops in the fall to provide winter cover for soil that otherwise would be bare. The USDA’s Agricultural Resource Management Survey says over the past ten years, fall cover crop adoption has continued to grow. On fields growing corn for grain, 0.6 percent of the acreage used a fall cover crop before the 2010 crop. By 2016, 5.5 percent of the corn-for-grain acreage had a preceding fall cover, and by 2021, 7.9 percent of corn-for-grain acreage followed a fall cover crop. This represents a 44 percent increase in fall cover crop adoption on corn-for-grain fields between 2016 and 2021. The growth in the adoption of cover crops on cotton fields is similar, with a 46 percent increase between 2015 and 2019. *********************************************************************************** Ethanol Production Hits Lowest Level Since 2020 The Energy Information Administration says ethanol output dropped to the lowest level in more than two years, while inventories were down slightly during the last week of 2022. Production dropped to an average of 844,000 barrels per day. That’s down from 963,000 barrels a day, on average, during the previous week and the lowest level since the week ending on June 12, 2022. Losses were broad-based across all regions but one in the U.S. The Midwest, which produces the most ethanol in the country, saw its output plunge to an average of 794,000 barrels a day from 906,000 a week earlier. That’s the lowest since the seven days ending on May 29, 2020. Production on the East and West Coasts each dropped an average of 3,000 barrels a day from the prior week. The only increase in ethanol production came in the Gulf Coast region. Inventories were down slightly at 24.44 million barrels.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday January 9, 2023 |

Monday Watch List Markets Traders return from the weekend checking the latest weather forecasts, especially in South America and surveying the news. USDA's weekly report of export inspections is due out at 10 a.m. CST and is the only significant report of the day. Weather The West stays active on Monday with another system moving through California, bringing heavy precipitation to a lot of areas, including the Central Valley and Sierras for building snowpack as drought conditions are turning around. East of the Rockies it will be a quiet day with rather mild temperatures for January.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday January 6, 2023 |

Senate Ag Chair Not Running for Reelection in 2024 Senate Ag Committee Chair Debbie Stabenow of Michigan announced she won’t be running for reelection in 2024. “Inspired by a new generation of leaders, I’ve decided to pass the torch in the U.S. Senate,” Stabenow says in a statement. “I’m incredibly grateful for the trust the people of Michigan have placed in me.” The four-term senator says a big part of her decision was stepping aside to make room for new voices. Between now and 2024, Stabenow says she’ll concentrate on passing a new farm bill before she retires. “The farm bill determines our nation’s food and agriculture policies,” she says. “It’s also a key to protecting our land and water and creating jobs in rural and urban communities.” Stabenow has played a big role in several farm bills. Her decision will increase pressure to pass a new farm bill while she’s in office rather than extending the current legislation. *********************************************************************************** Farmers National Company Releases Final Year Land Sales Report Farmers National Company says land market momentum that began late in 2021 only picked up the pace into 2022. Competition for high-quality cropland resulted in both record sales and overall increases in land values. Strong demand in all of the country’s regions brought significant opportunities to landowners interested in capitalizing on the current land market. In most cases, landowners selling property experienced never-before-seen values for their farmland. The final results set records in several states and increased year-to-year values between 20 and 34 percent in the Corn Belt. Farmers National says the traditional local farmer-operators are the successful buyers of land in 75 percent of their transactions. “We’re seeing a true supply-demand scenario,” says Paul Shadegg, senior vice president of real estate operations. “There are simply more buyers willing to bid on the limited amount of land coming to market.” Commodity markets are the main driver in higher land values. *********************************************************************************** USDA Investments to Strengthen the U.S. Meat Supply Chain USDA Secretary Tom Vilsack announced an investment of $9.6 million across the country and taking several other steps to help farmers, ranchers, processors, and rural businesses diversify the meat supply. “We’re putting the needs of farmers, ranchers, and consumers at the forefront of our work to strengthen the resiliency of America’s food supply chain while promoting competition,” he says. “USDA is working on an approach to coordinate ways to deliver more opportunities and fairer prices for producers.” He also says the goal is to give people access to healthier foods, eliminate bottlenecks in the food supply chain, and ultimately lower prices for consumers. Vilsack announced a total of 25 new investments to increase independent meat processing capacity. The investments include 23 value-added Producer Grant Program awards totaling $3.9 million to help producer-owned companies process and market new products. USDA is also investing $5.7 million in two companies to support food processing infrastructure. *********************************************************************************** Union Taking CNH’s Last Offer to Striking Workers for Saturday Vote The United Auto Workers announced in a news release that they’ve decided to bring CNH Industrial’s “last, best, and final offer” to its striking workers for a vote. Farm Equipment Magazine says the workers are expected to vote on Saturday, January 7. However, Ag Equipment Intelligence reached out to CNH Industrial for comment but did not hear back. In 2021, when 10,000 John Deere employees went on strike, Deere referred to its third offer to the union as its “last, best, and final offer,” which James Cooney of Rutgers University said at the time that “this could signify Deere is at an impasse in negotiations. “That’s not an agreement with the company when saying, “Hey, this is our last, best, and final offer,’” Cooney says. “A union may take that back to the membership, but, on the other hand, it may choose not to, especially if it’s perceived as a threat.” *********************************************************************************** Winter Wheat 2023-2024 Planting Estimates on January 12 The National Agricultural Statistics Service will publish the first official estimate of the 2023-2024 winter wheat crop planted area on January 12. U.S. Wheat Associates and America’s wheat-importing customers will be watching trade estimates before the report is issued. Wheat analyst Jeffry McPike says his group expects a planted area forecast of 35.7 million acres. If realized, that’s a seven percent increase over NASS’s final 2022 estimate. The Economic Research Service has documented a general downward trend in America’s wheat plantings during the last two decades due in part to lower returns, changes in government programs, and increased competition in global wheat markets. However, at planting time in 2022, the relatively high prices for hard red winter, soft red winter, and white winter wheat all provided an incentive to plant more wheat. Pre-report predictions range between 34-36 million acres, higher than the 2022 final NASS crop estimate of 33.27 million acres. *********************************************************************************** Wheat Country is Still Very Dry Kansas, the country’s biggest hard-red winter wheat producer, is still very dry. USDA data says topsoil moisture in the state was little changed from January 1 through the end of November 2022. About 43 percent of the state was very short on topsoil moisture and 26 percent was listed short on January 1. Twenty-nine percent of the state had adequate topsoil moisture and only two percent had a surplus. That compares with 48 percent very short, 25 percent short, 26 percent adequate, and just one percent held surplus moisture on November 29, the last time the government issued a crop progress report. Oklahoma, the country’s number two HRW producer, only saw .16 inches of rainfall in the panhandle during December. Topsoil and subsoil moisture was listed as “mostly adequate to short.” Arkansas, one of the country’s key soft-red winter wheat growers, saw moisture conditions improve with 60 percent surplus topsoil moisture.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday January 6, 2023 |

Friday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report is due out at 7:30 a.m. CST Friday, the same time the Labor Department will release nonfarm payrolls and the U.S. unemployment rate for December. A report on U.S. factory orders for November is set for 9 a.m. Traders will keep an eye on the latest weather forecasts and outside markets, which have been a bearish influence this week. Weather A system that brought heavy rain and snow to the country this week is finally leaving through the Northeast on Friday. Most of the country east of the Rockies is quieter today. But a system moving through the Rockies will exit into the Central Plains tonight and produce some showers into Saturday. Showers will likely to be rather weak except around the Gulf Coast where thunderstorms will be possible over the weekend.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday January 5, 2023 |

United States and Taiwan to Hold Trade Negotiations This Month The United States and Taiwan will hold an in-person negotiating round for the U.S.-Taiwan Initiative on 21st-Century Trade in Taipei. The negotiations are under the American Institute in Taiwan and the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States. The next round of talks is scheduled for January 14-17. The U.S. Trade Representative’s Office will lead the U.S. delegation through Assistant United States Trade Representative Terry McCartin and include representatives from several other U.S. government agencies. The negotiation process started in June 2022, launching the U.S.-Taiwan Initiative on 21st-Century Trade. The initiative is intended to develop concrete ways to deepen the economic and trade relationship, advance mutual trade priorities based on shared values, and promote innovation and inclusive economic growth for our workers and businesses, including through new trade agreements. The two sides last met in November, holding two days of discussion in New York. *********************************************************************************** USDA Announces Conservation Stewardship Program The next deadline for Conservation Stewardship Program applications to be considered for funding this year is February 10, 2023. Through CSP, USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service helps farmers, ranchers and forest landowners earn payments for expanding conservation activities while maintaining agricultural production on their land. CSP also encourages the adoption of new technologies and management techniques. Changes in the 2018 Farm Bill authorize NRCS to accept new CSP enrollments from 2020‒2023 and makes additional improvements to the program. NRCS now enrolls eligible, high-ranking applications based on dollars rather than acres. Higher payment rates are available under the 2018 Farm Bill for certain conservation activities, including cover crops and resource-conserving crop rotations. NRCS now provides specific support for organic and for transitioning to organic production activities through CSP. While applications are accepted throughout the year, interested producers should submit applications to their local NRCS office by the deadline to ensure they are considered for 2023 funding. *********************************************************************************** Esteban Sworn-in as USDA Undersecretary for Food Safety Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack welcomed the swearing-in of Jose Emilio Esteban as the Undersecretary for Food Safety at the Department of Agriculture. Vilsack says, “Dr. Esteban has a long and well-documented commitment to food safety and public health.” Esteban was appointed Chief Scientist of the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service in August 2018. Esteban joined the Office of Public Health Science at FSIS in 2002. In 2008, he was appointed as the FSIS Science Advisor for Laboratory Services, where he harmonized the operation of all three FSIS laboratories. Before joining FSIS, Esteban worked in several positions at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Esteban received his Doctorate in Veterinary Medicine from Mexico’s National University. Vilsack adds, “I am confident that Dr. Esteban’s leadership and experience is the right combination to advance our commitment to maintaining public health and reducing foodborne illness.” *********************************************************************************** Bureau of Land Management Seeks Input on Solar Energy Program The Bureau of Land Management this week announced a public meeting to solicit feedback on utility-scale solar energy planning. The Bureau of Land Management is considering updates to its 2012 Western Solar Plan that included six southwestern states—Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. BLM is seeking comments on expanding its solar planning to include five more states: Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming. The first meeting, scheduled January 18 in Sacramento, California, is one of a series being held in January and February in various western states. BLM Director Tracy Stone-Manning says, "The BLM is committed to expanding renewable energy development on public lands." The public comment period will remain open for 15 days after the last public scoping meeting, or February 6, whichever is later. The Notice of Intent to update the BLM's 2012 solar programmatic environmental impact statement was published in the Federal Register on December 8, 2022. Learn more about the meetings at www.blm.gov. *********************************************************************************** Clean Fuels welcomes Eight New Members As interest in low-carbon fuels gains momentum, Clean Fuels Alliance America continues to grow stronger and more diverse by adding new members. As Clean Fuels prepares for the Clean Fuels Conference in Tampa later this month, the association welcomes eight new companies that joined the association the last year. Clean Fuels CEO Donnell Rehagen says, "The addition of these members demonstrates the value they see in being part of our trade association and the ongoing expansion of this industry." The list of new members includes DSM - a purpose-led science-based global company specializing in human and animal health and nutrition solutions. DSM's purpose is to create brighter lives for all. Another new member is the National Oilheat Research Alliance, authorized by Congress in 2000 to provide funding that would allow the oil heat industry to provide more efficient and more reliable heat and hot water to American Consumers. *********************************************************************************** AM/FM Radio in Vehicles: A Pay to Play Feature? At the Consumer Electronics Show this week, Steve Koenig of the Consumer Technology Association showcased new potential trends to the media before the start of the show. One potential trend, according to Koenig, is automakers charging extra for AM/FM radios in cars. Koenig says automakers may move to a Features as a Service offering for AM/FM radios, allowing automakers to enable or disable features based on whether the car owner is paying for the services. Automakers claim AM radio signals face electromagnetic interference generated from electric cars. Radio Ink reports, "Automotive companies are salivating at the opportunity to capitalize on car features as services that will be subscription based.” In December, Senator Ed Markey, A Massachusetts Democrat, urged automakers to maintain free broadcast radio in future electric vehicles. Markey said, “AM/FM broadcast radio remains the most dependable, cost-free, and accessible communication mechanism for public officials to communicate with the public during times of emergency.”

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday January 5, 2023 |

Thursday Watch List Markets At 7:30 a.m. CST Thursday, reports on U.S. weekly jobless claims and the U.S. trade deficit for November will be out, along with an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. The U.S. Energy Department's weekly natural gas storage report is set for 9:30 a.m., followed by weekly energy inventories at 10 a.m., including ethanol production. At some point Thursday morning, USDA will also provide export data from the Census Bureau for November. Weather A low-pressure center continues to spin across the Midwest with areas of light snow falling throughout the day. It's much quieter elsewhere east of the Rockies with generally mild temperatures for this time of year. A system moved into California and will spread showers throughout the West on Thursday, though will be weaker as it moves through the rest of the country Friday through the weekend.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday January 4, 2023 |

Farmer Sentiment Rebounds at Year End on Stronger 2022 Income Producer sentiment improved sharply in December as the Purdue University-CME Group Ag Economy Barometer Index reading of 126 was 24 points higher than a month earlier. Although U.S. farmers were more positive regarding both the current situation and the future, the biggest improvement was in their assessment of current conditions. The Current Conditions Index reached 135, 37 points higher than in November, while the Future Expectations Index hit 122, 18 points above a month earlier. The improvement in current sentiment was motivated by producers' stronger perception of current financial conditions on their farms as the Farm Financial Performance Index climbed 18 points above the prior month's reading to reach 109, which was the only time in 2022 that the index was above 100. The Purdue University-CME Group Ag Economy Barometer sentiment index is calculated monthly from 400 U.S. agricultural producers' responses to a telephone survey. This month's survey was conducted from December 5-9, 2022. *********************************************************************************** World’s First Agri-Focused Satellite Launches The first of seven satellites for agriculture launched into space Tuesday by SpaceX. Built by Dragonfly Aerospace, the satellite is part of the Transporter-6 mission for customer EOS Data Analytics. The remaining six satellites of the constellation will be deployed over the next three years. The EOS Data Analytics project is the world's first agriculture-focused satellite constellation providing the industry with high-quality data to support efficient and sustainable practices. Images obtained from Dragonfly's EOS SAT-1 will deliver information for harvest monitoring, application mapping, seasonal planning and assessments that analyze information such as soil moisture, yield prediction and biomass levels. The data will support growers with reducing carbon dioxide emissions and help them to develop sustainable agricultural methods. The company says the information will have important environmental benefits for the planet and help prevent natural habitats from being diminished for crop growth and maintain biodiversity. *********************************************************************************** NCGA Expresses Disappointment in EPA WOTUS Rule The National Corn Growers Association Tuesday expressed disappointment regarding the final Waters of the United States rule under the Clean Water Act. The Environmental Protection Agency and Army Corps of Engineers released the final rule on December 30. NCGA says the rule was released as the U.S. Supreme Court prepares to decide a case, Sackett vs. EPA, which will provide more clarity on the issue. NCGA President Tom Haag says, "The Court's ruling could negate major elements of this WOTUS rule and will create even more uncertainty for farmers.” NCGA submitted comments to EPA and encouraged corn growers to do the same as the rule was being considered. The group also participated in regional hearings held by EPA. Haag says that as farmers, “we are the ones who will feel the impact of this rule,” adding, “Yet, it appears that our comments fell on deaf ears.” *********************************************************************************** NMPF: WOTUS Unclear and Overly Complicated National Milk Producers Federation President and CEO Jim Mulhern calls the new Waters of the U.S. Rule "cumbersome, unclear and overly complicated." NMPF released the response Tuesday following the end-of-year announcement of the WOTUS final rule by the Environmental Protection Agency last week. The organization says that because the EPA's most recent iteration fails to resolve a 50-year struggle to define a water body subject to federal regulation under the Clean Water Act, NMPF members will face continued uncertainty as they attempt to comprehend and comply with unclear regulations. Mulhern says it's important to note that EPA's latest iteration is not a complete return to the unworkable rule adopted in 2015. Depending on the outcome of the Sackett case this spring, Mulhern adds, "it may be time for Congress to step in in a bipartisan manner to provide clarity regarding which bodies of water are under the jurisdiction of the Clean Water Act." *********************************************************************************** NOAA Proposes Seafood Import Monitoring Expansion The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration last week announced a proposed rule to expand the Seafood Import Monitoring Program. The risk-based program is for targeted species of seafood imported into the United States. NOAA says expanding the program would increase the number of species included in the program from approximately 1,100 individual species to approximately 1,600 individual species. The program currently establishes reporting and recordkeeping requirements for nearly half of all U.S. seafood imports to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and misrepresented seafood from entering U.S. commerce. The proposed expansion includes red snapper and tuna, to include all species in the snapper family and additional tunas, to minimize the risk of mislabeling and product substitution that is used to bypass requirements. In addition, the rule proposes to add cuttlefish and squid, eels, octopus, queen conch and Caribbean spiny lobster to the program. The rule also proposes to make additional modifications and improvements. *********************************************************************************** Arctic Blast Jolts Gas Prices Higher For the first time in two months, the nation's average gas price increased, rising 12.3 cents from a week ago to $3.17 per gallon. The national average is down 22.5 cents from a month ago and 9.5 cents per gallon lower than a year ago. The national average diesel price fell 1.4 cents in the last week and stands at $4.67 per gallon. GasBuddy's Patrick De Haan says, "Extremely cold weather led to many refinery issues, shutting down over a million barrels of refining capacity, pushing wholesale prices up." While the jump at the pump will likely be temporary as most refiners get back online after cold-weather-related issues, some regions, like the Rockies, may see more price increases than others. Additionally, China's reopening plans inspired markets that global oil demand will start to recover, as China's nearly three-year Covid-zero policies appear to be coming to an end.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday January 4, 2023 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets The Institute of Supply Management's index of U.S. manufacturing for December is set for 9 a.m. CST Wednesday. Minutes from the latest Federal Reserve meeting will be out at 1 p.m. As usual, traders will check the latest weather forecasts, watch for any news of an export sale and likely be wary after Tuesday's sell-off in commodities. Weather A storm system continues to spin up around the Upper Midwest with continued light to moderate snow Wednesday. Meanwhile, the cold front will push eastward with a band or two of scattered showers from around the Appalachians eastward. Some additional severe weather will possible across the Southeast, a continuation of strong storms from Tuesday. Meanwhile, another storm will move into the West Coast.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday January 3, 2023 |

EPA Finalizes WOTUS Definition The Environmental Protection Agency and the Army Corps of Engineers announced a final rule establishing the definition of “Waters of the United States.” They say the rule reduces uncertainty from consistently changing regulatory definitions, protects people’s health, and supports economic opportunity. The final rule restores essential water protections that were in place before 2015 under the Clean Water Act for traditional navigable waters, the territorial seas, interstate waters, and the upstream water resources that significantly affect those waters. “Following extensive stakeholder engagement, EPA is delivering a durable definition of WOTUS that safeguards our nation’s waters, strengthens economic opportunity, and protects people’s health,” says EPA Administrator Michael Regan. “It also provides greater certainty for farmers, ranchers, and landowners.” Michael Connor, Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works, says, “This definition provides clarity long desired by farmers, industry, environmental groups, and other stakeholders. It also allows for more effective rule implementation.” *********************************************************************************** Group Reacts to New WOTUS Rule The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association responded to the newly-Published Waters of the U.S. Rule. The group says farmers and ranchers have dealt with the whiplash of shifting WOTUS definitions for far too long. “While the new rule retains longstanding exclusions for certain agricultural features, it still creates new uncertainty for farmers, ranchers, and landowners,” says NCBA Chief Counsel Mary-Thomas Hart. NCBA previously asked the Environmental Protection Agency to retain agricultural exclusions for small, isolated, and temporary water features that commonly appear on farms and ranches. The new rule fails to clearly exempt isolated and ephemeral features from federal jurisdiction and relies on “case-by-case” determinations to assess whether a feature is federally regulated. Hart says the timing of the rule couldn’t be worse as the Supreme Court is currently considering Sackett v. EPA, which would provide much-needed clarity to the WOTUS definition. “Today’s rule seeks to directly preempt the Supreme Court,” she says. *********************************************************************************** Two Selected for AFBF Top Honors The American Farm Bureau Federation will present its highest honors to former Executive Vice President Dale Moore and former North Carolina Farm Bureau President Larry Wooten. The two will receive the Distinguished Service Award and the Farm Bureau Founders Award, respectively, during the 2023 AFBF annual convention in Puerto Rico. Farm Bureau established the Distinguished Service Award to honor individuals who’ve devoted their careers to serving the interest of American agriculture. The Founders Award is presented in recognition of outstanding achievements and work in the interest of Farm Bureau. Moore, a Kansas native, has been a champion of agriculture in the public and private sectors for more than 40 years. Wooten’s Farm Bureau career spans more than 50 years, peaking when he was elected president of the NCFB in 1999, a position he held until 2019. The American Farm Bureau’s annual convention is January 6-11 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. *********************************************************************************** Ethanol Production Hits Lowest Level in Two Months The Energy Information Administration says ethanol production plunged in the seven days that ended on December 23 to the lowest level in more than two months while inventories rose. Output during the week averaged 963,000 barrels a day, down from 1.029 million barrels a week earlier. The EIA report says that’s the lowest level since the week ending on October 7. The Midwest produces the most ethanol in the country and saw production drop to 906,000 barrels a day, on average, down from 975,000 the previous week. The Midwest drop was the entire loss during the week as production on the East Coast and in the Rocky Mountain regions was steady. West Coast output rose by an average of 1,000 barrels a day to 9,000 for the week. Ethanol stockpiles during the week rose to 24.63 million barrels. That’s the highest level of inventory since the seven days ending on April 8. *********************************************************************************** Taylor Sworn In as USDA Undersecretary Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack is pleased that Alexis Taylor was finally sworn in last week as the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Undersecretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs. Vilsack says Taylor has had a deep-rooted and impressive career working on matters related to agriculture, trade, and enhancing as many export opportunities as possible for America’s farmers and ranchers. “She’s not only spent her career serving the American people through her work in American agricultural and trade policy but also as a veteran of the U.S. Army,” Vilsack says. “I am confident Alexis is the right person to lead as we continue to address global food security challenges, promote American exports to new and existing markets across the globe, and strengthen trade relationships with our partners.” The secretary also looks forward to working with Taylor to help the agency better serve farmers and ranchers and link America’s agriculture producers to expanded global opportunities. *********************************************************************************** Important Ag Provisions in the Omnibus Bill President Biden signed the omnibus spending package into law that diverts a government shutdown and keeps it running until September 30, 2023. The bill with more than 4,000 pages contains many notable items important to U.S. farmers and ranchers. The bill includes $3.7 billion in disaster funding for crop and livestock losses due to drought and other problems in 2022. There is $350 million allocated for rice producer payments to compensate for the drop in revenue this year, as well as $100 million provided for payments to cotton merchandisers as a result of losses related to COVID or supply chain disruptions. Livestock Mandatory Reporting is extended until September 30, 2023. It also includes price transparency as the USDA and the Justice Department are to analyze issues regarding transparent meat pricing and price discovery for cattle producers. Raw or processed chicken imported from China can’t be used in the federal school lunch program.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday January 3, 2023 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets Back from a three-day weekend and starting a new year, traders will get familiar with the latest weather forecasts and any news from over the New Year weekend. Many will pause at 8 a.m. CST to see if USDA has an export sale announcement and check in on USDA's weekly report of export inspections at 10 a.m. CST. Weather A stronger winter storm has moved into the middle of the country for Tuesday. A band of wintry mix has developed from Nebraska into the Upper Midwest and will drop some heavy snow throughout the day as well as areas of significant freezing rain. Farther south, the cold front to the system will bring risks for severe thunderstorms from the Lower Mississippi River to the southern Appalachians. The rest of the Midwest continues to see areas of rain, being heavier along the Ohio River.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday December 30, 2022 |

U.S. Beef Exports to East Asia on a Record Pace The USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service released a report titled “U.S. Beef Exports to East Asia on a Record Pace.” Despite economic uncertainties brought on by COVID, continued global supply chain challenges, and a competitive global beef market, American exports to East Asia were outstanding in the first half of 2022 in terms of value and volume. The report says, “During the first three quarters of 2022, U.S. beef exports to East Asia, including Korea, Japan, China/Hong Kong, and Taiwan, were a record $6.6 billion.” That’s a 22 percent increase on a value basis from last year’s exports worth $5.4 billion. “On a volume basis, the exports were up 6.4 percent,” the report says. “Despite surging food prices in recent months, higher-volume shipments indicate a continued demand for beef products.” It also shows that East Asia’s relatively stable middle class has high disposable income and is willing to absorb the rising costs. *********************************************************************************** What 2023 Will Mean for Ethanol Margins America’s ethanol industry saw its production margins get weaker late in 2022. MarketWatch says the ethanol industry outlook will depend on multiple factors. Margins have recently dropped below the same time last year. Iowa State University’s Center for Agricultural and Rural Development says the average return over operating costs at a typical dry-mill ethanol plant was 34.64 cents per gallon. That’s over one dollar lower than the same time last year when the center put the average margin at $1.38 per gallon. The university says the average ethanol price in Iowa was at $2.44 a gallon, 85 cents lower year to year, while the average price of corn was $6.82 a bushel, about $1.10 higher than a year ago. Some of the key issues for the U.S. ethanol industry to watch include Renewable Volume Obligations (RVOs), Carbon Capture Projects, the future of Small Refinery Exemptions, and fewer limits on E15 sales. *********************************************************************************** Baby Formula Imports Face Tariffs Again in 2023 Baby formula imports into the U.S. will be subject to tariffs again in 2023 as the exemptions implemented during a nationwide shortage are scheduled to expire. Reuters says the shortage began during supply chain issues brought on by COVID, and those issues began to get worse in February of this year. During that month, the biggest U.S. supplier recalled some products and closed down a manufacturing plant after reporting bacterial infections. Responding to the crisis, American health regulators relaxed import policies, and President Biden invoked the Cold War-era Defense Production Act to rebuild lagging supplies. Congress made the tariff waivers temporary as part of a deal to pass the measure quickly. Last August, Walmart and Target Corporation, two of the nation’s biggest retailers, said supplies of baby formula were improving. The maker of the biggest brand in the market, Enfamil, says formula shortages will likely persist until the spring of 2023. *********************************************************************************** USDA Invests Over $9 Million in Bioproduct Development USDA is investing $9.5 million to support the scale-up of sustainable bioproduct manufacturing in the U.S. Three projects are getting funded through the National Institute of Food and Agriculture’s Bioproduct Pilot Program. The program presents an opportunity to spur economic activity in the nation’s rural areas while lowering commercialization risks associated with bringing biobased products to market. “Adopting a more circular economy ensures that wealth and other economic benefits in the form of jobs and other opportunities are created, and stay, in rural communities,” says Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack. “We must support and incentivize practices like these because that’s what consumers want, and what farmers and our planet need.” The Pilot Program’s exploration into bioproducts accelerates USDA’s efforts to develop circular bio-economies, where agricultural resources are harvested, consumed, and regenerated in a sustainable manner. NIFA says each of the recommended projects can help bridge the gap between invention and the marketplace. *********************************************************************************** The Second Annual Ag Transporters Conference is in March Transportation Go! is a conference for soybean, grain, and other transportation issues in the Upper Midwest. It will take place March 15-16, 2023, in Omaha, Nebraska. It’s the second annual transportation conference after a successful debut event in Milwaukee earlier this year. “This is an active conference, not a passive one,” says Eric Wenberg, executive director of the Specialty Soya and Grains Alliance, which organizes and hosts the event. “We encourage discussion and expect real dialogue to take place during every segment of the agenda.” He also says there are many challenges in agricultural transportation, and this conference brings together smart and experienced people from different avenues of the supply chain into the same room to take on those challenges together. Omaha, a key ag transportation hub, will bring together the industry’s top stakeholders, from boots-on-the-ground commodity growers to traders and shippers of specialty field crops. For more information, go to transportationgo.com. *********************************************************************************** American Lamb Growers Looking Ahead to 2023 Trends The “2023 Meat Trends to Watch Report” says understanding the overarching trends in American meat consumption can help keep meat in the mix. “There are challenges ahead for the lamb industry, but there are also opportunities ahead,” says Peter Camino, American Lamb Board Chair. “But the entire industry will need to make changes to improve our competitiveness and profitability.” The report covers trends like economic pressures at the meat case, noting that while many are seeking less expensive cuts at the meat case, others are more open to experimenting in the kitchen. Others may also trade up at the counter instead of dining out. The report also covers sustainability, noting that it’s critical for products and businesses to talk to customers about their sustainability efforts. Other important topics in the report include health and wellness, convenience, and technology. The ALB is closely watching these trends and how they influence consumers.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday December 30, 2022 |

Friday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report will be out at 7:30 a.m. CST Friday, the only significant report of the day. Friday is a full day of trading, ahead of a three-day weekend for celebrating the New Year. Traders will keep up with the latest weather forecasts and watch for a possible export sales announcement at 8 a.m. CST. Weather A cold front will be moving slowly east from the Delta to the eastern Midwest on Friday. A band of showers and some thunderstorms has formed along the front, which will move into the Southeast and toward the Appalachians tonight. Some minor flooding may occur over the South as the rain moves through. Somewhat cooler temperatures are filling in behind the front back to the Rockies, but most areas are still above normal for this time of year.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday December 29, 2022 |

USDA Economist Not Worried About Potential Ag Trade Deficit USDA is forecasting an agricultural trade deficit in 2023. While deficits have happened in the past, the agency has never forecast one in advance until this year. The agency says ag exports are projected to reach $190 billion next year, but imports are projected to rise to $199 billion. Seth Meyer, chief economist with USDA, says an ag trade deficit isn’t a major cause for concern. “I’m of the opinion that having both rising exports and imports is a good thing,’ he says. “Farmers can sell their products at a good price while consumers can shop for what they want.” Ag exports are forecast to set another record during the fiscal year 2022 at $196.4 billion. If realized, that number would top the previous record of $177 billion in 2021. American exports currently face major pressure from the strong dollar value making U.S. products more expensive in the world’s markets. *********************************************************************************** Egg Prices Double During the Past Year Eggs are more expensive than they were last year. Marketplace says the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the price of a dozen Grade A eggs jumped from $1.82 last year to almost $3.60 in 2022. While part of the increase is due to the rising price of chicken feed, the real culprit is highly pathogenic avian influenza. It’s infected more than 57 million hens this year, starting in the spring and continuing to flare up through the rest of 2022. “Spring was the first time we had egg prices spike,” says Daniel Sumer, an ag economics professor at the University of California-Davis. He says eggs are a staple for many people and can’t be cut back on when the price rises. When prices go up, people tend to buy them anyway. “That drives the price higher and higher,” he says. “And that has to happen because the supplies are more limited.” *********************************************************************************** Omnibus Bill Included Pesticide Registration Improvement Act The recently-passed omnibus spending legislation contained the reauthorization of the Pesticide Registration Improvement Act, something important to CropLife America. The organization says it will strengthen and improve the Environmental Protection Agency’s pesticide registration process. The EPA’s scientists work diligently to comply with the multiple laws that govern pesticide registration, but, in recent years, the agency has fewer available scientists to do that work,” says Chris Novak, President of CLA. “The reauthorization of PRIA is a first step in improving the efficiency of the pesticide registration process and in providing more certainty for farmers, consumers, and CropLife’s member companies that EPA will meet its statutory obligations.” PRIA provides critically needed resources for the EPA’s Office of Pesticide Programs. The increased funding coupled with a variety of process and technology improvements, will allow EPA to increase staffing and better meet pesticide registration timeframes to give farmers the tools they need to manage pests. *********************************************************************************** Pork Leadership Institute Announces Class of 2023 The National Pork Producers Council and the National Pork Board are proud to announce that 19 pork producers from across the country have been selected for the Pork Leadership Institute’s class of 2023. Each year, the organizations select a leading group of producers to participate in the PLI program. Staff in both the NPPC and NPB work together with state pork association executives and field reps to identify key individuals from across America. The comprehensive, year-long process consists of five sessions that include learning about the federal legislative and regulatory processes, the importance of international trade, the roles of the national and state pork associations, and modern-day issues facing producers. “PLI is vital to the success of pork producers because it develops knowledgeable industry ambassadors and future leaders,” says NPPC CEO Bryan Humphreys. They also go through comprehensive media and communications training to become effective grassroots advocates for the pork industry. *********************************************************************************** CFTC Fines CHS Hedging $6.5 million in Fraud Case The Commodity Futures Trading Commission fined CHS Hedging of Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota, $6.5 million for anti-money laundering, risk management, recordkeeping, and supervision violations. The company also has to undertake certain remedial measures relating to the violations. CHS reportedly accepted millions of dollars in margin payments from a rancher in Washington without adequately investigating the customer’s source of funds or reporting suspicious activity. The scheme ran from 2017 through 2020. The Washington rancher involved in the case pled guilty to criminal fraud charges and was sentenced to 11 years in prison. A CFTC report says the violations are primarily the result of failing to implement an adequate anti-money laundering program, particularly as it applied to the futures and options trading account controlled by the Washington rancher. “The Commodity Exchange Act requires companies like CHS Hedging to have and actually implement adequate money laundering and risk management procedures,” says Acting Enforcement Director Gretchen Lowe. *********************************************************************************** USDA Says Seasonal Worker Numbers Jumped in 2021 It’s well known that American agricultural employers who anticipate a shortage of domestic workers can fill seasonal farm jobs with temporary foreign workers through the H-2A Visa Program. The Department of Labor officially certified approximately 317,000 temporary jobs in fiscal year 2021 under the H-2A program. That number was more than six times the number of jobs certified in 2005. Only about 80 percent of the certified jobs in 2021 resulted in the issuance of a visa. The program has grown partly in response to current U.S. domestic workers finding jobs outside of American agriculture and a drop in newly arrived immigrants looking for farm jobs in the U.S. Six states accounted for about half of the H-2A jobs that were filled in 2021, including Florida, Georgia, Washington, California, North Carolina, and Louisiana. Nationally, the average H-2A contract offered 24 weeks of employment and 39.3 hours per week at $13 per hour.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday December 28, 2022 |

UFW Assigns Blame for Lack of Immigration Action United Farm Worker leadership laid the blame for a lack of action in Washington on immigration at the feet of the Republican Party and the American Farm Bureau Federation. The Senate decided not to include worker immigration legislation in the fiscal year 2023 omnibus appropriations bill. The omnibus passed the House last week and is on the way to President Biden’s desk for his signature. “It’s a bitter disappointment for farm workers across the country who have earned the right to legal status through the sweat of their brow,” says UFW President Teresa Romero. She also called it unsurprising, saying that leaders of both groups want to keep farm workers living in fear and uncertainty. “They know that an undocumented workforce is easier to intimidate and exploit,” she says. Farm Bureau says the legislation will lead to wild swings in wage rates beyond the reach of many farmers and ranchers. *********************************************************************************** NACD Applauds Conservation Investments in Omnibus The National Association of Conservation Districts is grateful the fiscal year 2023 omnibus appropriations bill passed the House last week and was sent to the White House for signing. They say the agreement supports voluntary, locally-led conservation efforts across the country by providing strong funding for critical conservation programs and initiatives. The package includes no cuts to mandatory spending for USDA farm bill conservation programs like EQIP, CSP, RCPP, and CRP. It also has $941 million for Natural Resources Conservation Service Operations, including more than $800 million for Conservation Technical Assistance. That’s a $40 million increase compared to the 2022 funding level. The funding supports the work of conservation districts and other local partners to help producers assess resource needs, develop conservation plans, and implement effective conservation practices. There’s also $925 million for the NRCS Emergency Watershed Protection Program, of which $75 million goes to Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Operations. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Hog Numbers are Two Percent Below Last Year The U.S. inventory of all hogs and pigs on December 1 was 73.1 million head. The recent Hog and Pig Report says that’s down from December 1 of last year and one percent lower than September 1, 2022. The breeding inventory was 6.15 million head, up slightly from last year and slightly higher than the prior quarter. Market hog inventory was 67 million head on December 1, down two percent from 2021 and one percent lower than last quarter in 2022. The September-November 2022 pig crop, at 33.7 million head, was one percent lower than in 2021. Sows farrowing during this period totaled three million head, down one percent from 2021. The sows that farrowed during the quarter represented 49 percent of the breeding herd. Hog producers intend to have 2.95 million sows farrow during the December-February quarter, up one percent from the actual farrowings during the same period a year earlier. *********************************************************************************** Report Shows Price Increases for Different Food Types A new USDA report shows retail food prices increased 8.9 percent in the first seven months of this year. That increase is higher than the rate over the same period last year and 2020. All 13 food categories in the USDA report experienced faster price increases so far in 2022, compared with the same period last year and historical average price increases through July. All food categories saw price increases of at least four percent during the first seven months of 2022. Three food category prices increased by more than 10 percent: eggs at 21 percent, fats and oils were up 13 percent, and poultry rose 12 percent. Inflationary pressures differ by category. For example, eggs and poultry prices are currently much higher than their historical average because of an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza. Fresh vegetables increased the least of all categories in the first seven months of this year. *********************************************************************************** China Pushes for Ag Tech Progress President Xi (Zhee) Jinping is pushing for China to accelerate efforts to achieve self-reliance in agriculture technology. Farm Doc Policy News says China’s president identified seed development and core equipment among the areas he’d like the country to focus on. The central leadership had said in 2020 that the country’s seed industry was a weak link in its food chain and need to make more and better use of science and technology to turn that sector around. China is also expected to end the year with historically-low soymeal carryover stocks, which should increase its dependence on imported soybeans next year. Unfortunately for U.S. producers, Brazil’s soybeans, which get processed in China to make livestock feed, are currently more attractive than U.S. soybeans for February shipments. The news is considered positive for Brazilian farmers as some of them could begin harvesting their 2023 soybeans in as little as a week. *********************************************************************************** Ag’s Share of Total Export Value Hits New High The total value of U.S. exports has grown at an average annual rate of six percent since 2002, reaching a record high of $1.4 trillion in fiscal year 2021. Agriculture’s share of total U.S. exports has steadily increased between fiscal years 2002 and 2021. The value of America’s agricultural product exports rose by an average of 11 percent annually, exceeding the overall rate of increase for total U.S. exports. In 2021, ag exports accounted for 12 percent of the total value, up from nine percent in 2002. Growth in agricultural exports has largely been resilient to market shocks like COVID-19. Even as total U.S. exports fell by 12 percent during the onset of COVID in 2020, ag exports remained steady on the strength of surging shipments of soybeans, corn, and pork to China. Ag exports surged 23 percent to $172 billion in 2021. The export forecast is a record $196 billion in 2022.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday December 28, 2022 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets On Wednesday, an index of U.S. pending home sales for November will be out at 9 a.m. CST, the only report of the day. The U.S. Energy Department's weekly inventory report is pushed to Thursday during this four-day week. Traders will keep close watch over the latest weather forecasts, check for a possible export sales announcement at 8 a.m. CST and keep an eye on outside markets. Weather Warmer, Pacific air continues to flood the country east of the Rockies and is supplanting the arctic blast from last week. That is opening the door for more storm systems to move through the country. One is moving through the Intermountain West on Wednesday and will emerge into the Plains tonight where showers will develop going into Thursday. Winds continue to increase ahead of this system Wednesday, with some wind advisories posted for the Southern Plains.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday December 27, 2022 |

Senate Confirms McKalip, Esteban The Senate approved the nominations of Doug McKalip as the chief agricultural negotiator with the U.S. Trade Representative’s Office and Jose Esteban as USDA Undersecretary for Food Safety. Senate Ag Chair Debbie Stabenow says the nominees waited three months for a long-overdue floor vote. “Doug McKalip has proven he’s ready for the essential task of growing new markets abroad and protecting our producers from unfair trade practices,” she says. During a confirmation hearing earlier this year, McKalip said, “It will be my duty to break down trade barriers to American food and ag exports.” He’ll also press trading partners to live up to existing agreements. As the undersecretary for food safety, Esteban will be the agency’s leader on issues ranging from preventing food-borne illnesses to the regulation of cell-cultured meat that’s now near commercialization. Ranking Senate Ag Committee Member John Boozman (BOZE-man) says Esteban brings years of experience to a crucial USDA position. *********************************************************************************** Ag Groups Applaud McKalip, Esteban Confirmations America’s leading agriculture groups applauded the Senate confirming Doug McKalip as the new Chief Agricultural Negotiator. The U.S. Grains Council says McKalip, “combines extensive international experience and almost 30 years of government service at USDA to help advance trade priorities and open up global markets.” American Farm Bureau President Zippy Duvall says McKalip has proven to be more than qualified for the position because of his experience. U.S. Meat Export Federation President Dan Halstrom says filling McKalip’s position was essential as the U.S. is currently engaged in negotiations with several key trading partners. NCBA’s Vice President of Government Affairs Ethan Lane says Jose Esteban’s new role in food safety is essential for ensuring consumer confidence in the U.S. beef industry. The National Milk Producers Federation and the U.S. Dairy Export Council applaud the Senate’s confirmation. “This move ensures dairy farmers will be at the negotiating table,” says NMFP CEO Jim Mulhern. *********************************************************************************** Egg Prices Hit Record Levels Egg prices are hitting record levels. Free Republic Dot Com says the surge in price is being driven by an avian-influenza outbreak that’s killed tens of millions of chickens and turkeys in the U.S. this year. Wholesale prices of Midwest large eggs hit a record of $5.36 a dozen this month. Retail egg prices are rising faster than any other items in American supermarkets in 2022. Egg prices are up 30 percent from January through early December compared to the same period last year and are outpacing overall food and beverage prices. Some suppliers are predicting potential price relief by February or Mach, but cold weather could slow production in the near term. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza has led to the death of 58 million birds, making it the deadliest outbreak in U.S. history. USDA says entire flocks have to be destroyed after an infection is confirmed to limit potential spread. *********************************************************************************** Democrats Don’t Make Changes in House Leadership Democrats in the U.S. House of Representatives aren’t making any changes to their leaders on the Agriculture and Education and Labor Committees, even after losing a majority. Representatives David Scott of Georgia and Bobby Scott of Virginia won positions as ranking members of the Agriculture and Education and Labor Committees, respectively, after being chairs in the previous Congress. “I’m very pleased to get elected by my friends and Democratic colleagues to serve as a ranking member of the House Agriculture Committee for the next Congress,” Scott says. “I believe we have accomplished important groundwork leading up to the 2023 Farm Bill, and I’m looking forward to doing our best to meet the needs of producers and consumers in this important legislation.” The House Education and Labor Committee has jurisdiction over child nutrition programs, and Bobby Scott says governing should be about “improving the lives of people from all walks of life.” *********************************************************************************** AFBF: Risk Management Tools a Farm Bill Priority During volatility in the markets, managing risk remains a priority for farmers and ranchers. New analysis from the American Farm Bureau Federation examines several farm bill risk management tools included in Title 1 and explains the impact and importance to farmers. The analysis provides a historical perspective, including changes made in the 2018 Farm Bill to reauthorize and strengthen the PLC and ARC price and revenue programs. These programs were created in the 2014 Farm Bill to provide shallow-loss risk management coverage. AFB Economist Shelby Myers says that one factor remains consistent as farmers and ranchers faced unprecedented circumstances in recent years, and that’s the need for a variety of risk management options. Programs like ARC and PLC have to fit farmers’ and ranchers’ unique situations. Risk management tools like these are vital to farmers and ranchers being able to mitigate the unpredictable nature of farming. To read the report, go to fb.org. *********************************************************************************** Smithfield Donates 30,000 Pounds of Food Smithfield Foods donated 30,000 pounds of protein, enough for 120,000 servings, to the Foodbank of Southeastern Virginia and the Eastern Shore to help fight food insecurity during the holidays. The donation includes hams, bacon, lunch meat, and smoked sausage and is part of Smithfield’s Helping Hungry Homes Program. “Providing for the needs of our neighbors is a year-round job,” says Christopher Tan, President and CEO of the Foodbank of Southeastern Virginia and the Eastern Shore. “A large gift is especially meaningful at this time of year when families should be celebrating the holiday season, not worrying about finding food to put on their tables.” Smithfield has donated hundreds of millions of protein servings to food banks, disaster relief efforts, and community outreach programs in all 50 states. “The holiday season can be stressful, and no one should worry about their next meal,” says Jonathan Toms, senior community development manager for Smithfield.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday December 27, 2022 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the Christmas holiday, traders will catch up on the latest weather forecasts and any news that broke over the three-day weekend. USDA's weekly grain export inspections will be released at 10 a.m. CST and don't be surprised if numbers are low, given last week's bitter cold temperatures and pre-holiday mood. Traders will also watch to see if USDA has an export sales announcement at 8 a.m. CST. Weather The visit from the polar vortex over the Christmas holiday is short-lived as warmer temperatures that built up over the West are spreading eastward this week. In spite of the surge in temperatures, precipitation will be limited to the West on Tuesday. Highs: 10s/20s northern Canadian Prairies; 20s/30s Midwest; 30s/40s Pacific Northwest, Northern Plains, Delta; 40s/60s Central and Southern Plains, Southeast.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday December 23, 2022 |

Senate Confirms Alexis Taylor to USDA Post The Senate voted to confirm Alexis Taylor as the new USDA Undersecretary for Trade and Foreign Affairs. Taylor, the former director of Oregon’s Department of Agriculture, is the new top agricultural trade official with the agency. Food Business News says she’ll be responsible for overseeing international negotiations related to agricultural trade, developing America’s trade policies, promoting U.S. agriculture overseas, and opening up new markets for American commodities. At a nomination hearing in September, Taylor said her top priorities would be working with the U.S. Trade Representative on a path toward country-of-origin labeling that would be compliant with World Trade Organization rules. She also intends to hold Canada and Mexico to their commitments under the USMCA and will expand export markets for dairy and other farm products within the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework. She’ll also be involved in food safety issues by working to contain highly pathogenic avian influenza cases without market disruption. *********************************************************************************** Group Says Congress Failed Farmers, Farmworkers, and American Consumers Congress failed to include immigration solutions in the omnibus package and the American Business Immigration Coalition Action group isn’t happy with that. Coalition Executive Director Rebecca Shi (she) says they regret that this Congress failed to show the courage needed to advance immigration solutions for farmer workers and farmers, for Dreamers, the U.S. economy, and consumers. “There is a reason why Congress remains one of the most unpopular institutions in our nation,” Shi says. “At the end of the day, Republicans still prefer to complain about the border than to compromise on solutions, and Democrats have much higher priorities than standing up for hardworking immigrants.” The group says America’s farmers are struggling to find the amount of workers they need to stay in business, driving record-high food inflation. Bringing two million dreamers out of the shadows would create more than 1.4 million jobs for Americans and $46 billion in economic spending. *********************************************************************************** New Report Lays Out Priorities for U.S. Dairy Reform A new report from the American Farm Bureau Federation lays out priorities, principles, and recommendations for reforming dairy policy. A Farm Bureau Working Group explored options for strengthening the dairy industry through the 2023 Farm Bill and modernizing the current Federal Milk Marketing Order. Some of the priorities for FMMO reform include returning the Class 1 mover to a “higher-of” formula, increasing the Class 1 differentials to reflect changes in the marketplace, and making cost surveys mandatory and have them audited by USDA, and several others. “America’s dairy farmers continue to meet the challenges of growing demand for milk products, even while the number of dairy farmers in the U.S. continues to shrink,” says AFB President Zippy Duvall. “These recommendations convey the needs of dairy farmers across the country.” Farm Bureau also says the report gives guidance to USDA as it prepares for future hearings on modernizing the FMMO system. *********************************************************************************** Groups Respond Positively to Taylor Confirmation The Senate confirmed Alexis Taylor as USDA Undersecretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs, and U.S. ag groups reacted positively. “Alexis has a strong background in agriculture from growing up on a farm in Iowa and has a deep knowledge of trade issues,” says the U.S. Grains Council. American Farm Bureau Federation President Zippy Duvall says, “Trade is critically important to U.S. agriculture, and she’ll be a strong advocate on the world stage and a capable leader for USDA staff.” U.S. Meat Export Federation President and CEO Dan Halstrom says Taylor will be a “tremendous asset to USDA and a champion for U.S. agriculture.” The American Soybean Association also reacted positively to the announcement. Stephen Censky, ASA CEO, says, “Alexis has a depth of knowledge about agricultural trade and public policy that will serve her well in this post.” Groups like NCBA and the National Milk Producers Federation welcomed the nomination. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Agencies Partner to Promote Global Food Safety The USDA, U.S. Agency for International Development, and the Food and Drug Administration launched the Food Safety for Food Security Partnership, also known as FS4FS. The initiative includes a $15 million investment over the next few years to support the availability and trade of safe food products to reduce poverty, hunger, and malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries. Foreign Ag Service Administrator Daniel Whitley says the initiative developed after the U.S.-African leaders summit, where many African heads of state asked for help in developing science-based measures and standards for food safety. “Through the new partnership, we will work together to address those needs, which are vital to ensuring greater access to safe and nutritious foods across Africa,” Whitley says. The agencies will also work to build on the success of Feed the Future and work with countries around the world to increase access to safe and nutritious foods and unlock trade opportunities. *********************************************************************************** China is World’s Number One in Ag Research and Development Public agricultural research and development funding has trended lower in the United States during the last several decades. However, a USDA report shows several of America’s top trading partners have increased their funding. The EU’s expenditures have grown since 2000, as have the funding pools in India and Brazil. But no country has experienced as rapid an increase in funding as China, which became the largest funder of agricultural R & D after 2011, surpassing the European Union. As recently as 2015, China was spending more than $10 billion yearly on agricultural R & D. That level was roughly twice what the U.S. spent in 2015 and nearly quintupled China’s own R & D spending in 2000. With China a major importer of U.S. agricultural goods and Brazil a competitor to the U.S. in global corn and soybean markets, these developments could have a significant impact on America’s export competitiveness.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday December 23, 2022 |

Friday Watch List Markets In spite of being the last day of trading before Christmas, Friday has several reports on the docket and will be a normal trading session. The U.S. Commerce Department reports on U.S. personal incomes and consumer spending for November at 7:30 a.m. CST, the same time as a report on U.S. durable goods is out. At 9 a.m., the University of Michigan's report on consumer sentiment in December is due along with a report on U.S. new home sales for November. At 2 p.m., USDA will release cattle on-feed and the quarterly inventory of hogs and pigs, both for December 1. After the Christmas holiday, trading for grain and livestock futures will start again Tuesday morning at 8:30 a.m. CST. Weather A strong arctic front has passed through most of the country, with only the Northeast yet to go. Temperatures have fallen to significantly low values Friday morning and will continue to be frigid through the weekend. Winds remain high across much of the country, creating blowing snow and blizzard conditions harsh for travel, and dangerous windchills for humans and livestock. Precipitation is moving off to the East Coast, though lake-effect snows will wind up during the day. Snow is falling in the Pacific Northwest as well, a sign of a more active pattern for the West to close out 2022.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday December 22, 2022 |

Sustainable Ag Coalition Supports Omnibus, Looks Into Ag Provisions The National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition says it supports the 2023 omnibus appropriations bill. It’s also looked into several agricultural provisions included in the bill. The coalition says the bill includes $242 billion for discretionary programs funded annually and mandatory programs like the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. NSAC is pleased to see higher investments in a couple of key programs, including a $5 million increase for the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, and a more than $40 million increase for Conservation Technical Assistance. The coalition is also pleased to see expanded support for the Farm to School Grant Program, which will see a $2 million boost in its allocation, now at $14 million. NSAC Interim Policy Director Mike Lavender says, “The bill includes several key funding increases, though by and large maintains level funding for many programs.” They’re hopeful the bill gets to the president’s desk for signature as soon as possible. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Dairy Applauds USTR Actions Against Canada’s Dairy Practices The National Milk Producers Federation and U.S. Dairy Export Council applaud U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai’s actions under USMCA regarding Canada’s dairy market. Tai is filing a new request for dispute settlement consultations with Canada in order to expand the scope of the second USMCA dairy dispute to include additional elements necessary to ensure Canada complies with its trade agreement obligations. “We thank USTR and USDA for their diligence in working to ensure that American dairy producers have the market access promised under USMCA,” says Jim Mulhern, president and CEO of NMPF. “Canada continues to flagrantly flout its obligations, so the U.S. government needs to be ready with retaliatory measures.” Krysta Harden, president and CEO of USDEC, says it’s deeply unfortunate that Canada refuses to honor the full terms of the agreement. “USMCA is a fair deal that was thoroughly negotiated and agreed to by the Canadian government,” she says. *********************************************************************************** Wheat Industry Rail Shippers Welcome STB Rulings on Rate Disputes The U.S. Surface Transportation Board has put more streamlined processes in place for rail rate disputes that may benefit agricultural shippers. The STB established a voluntary arbitration program and a new procedure for rate challenges, known as the Final Offer Rate Review. Wheat farmers and the grain trade rely heavily on rail to transport wheat to export terminals, but rates for hauling wheat are often higher than for other crops. The U.S. Wheat Associates’ Working Transportation Group is pleased that the STB recognizes rail shippers need new and innovative ways to engage railroads on rate concerns. “These rulings are a welcome sign that rail customers like wheat farmers are being heard,” says Charlie Vogel, working group chair. “The voluntary arbitration program and the FORR process will help give smaller shippers a greater ability to challenge rail rates.” STB Chair Martin Oberman says they wanted to make smaller rail disputes reasonable and less time-consuming. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Egg Production Down Five Percent in November American egg production totaled 8.87 billion in November, down five percent from the same time last year. Production included 7.62 billion table eggs and 1.25 billion hatching eggs, of which 1.16 billion were broiler-type and 92.1 million were egg-type. The average number of layers in November totaled 375 million, down four percent from last year. November egg production per 100 layers was 2,369 eggs, slightly lower than last November. Total layers in the U.S. on December 1 totaled 374 million, five percent lower than last year. The layers consisted of 308 million layers producing table or market-type eggs, 62 million layers were broiler-type hatching eggs, and 3.74 million layers producing egg-type hatching eggs. Egg-type chicks hatched during November reached 46.5 million, up two percent from the previous November. Broiler-type chicks hatched during November totaled 810 million, one percent higher than in November 2021. Leading breeders placed 7.68 million broiler-type pullet chicks in November. *********************************************************************************** National Ag Day Essay Contest Looking for Entries Ahead of National Ag Day on March 21, 2023, the Agriculture Council of America is hosting an essay contest. The theme for the year is Growing a Climate for Tomorrow: How American Agriculture Does it Every Day. The essay contest is divided into two categories, either a written essay or a video essay. Both are national competitions and both winners get $1,000. The contest is open to students currently in grades 9 through 12. They must be a U.S. citizen and attend school in the U.S. The National Ag Day Program encourages every American to understand how food and fiber products are produced. It also teaches people to appreciate the role that agriculture plays in providing safe, abundant and affordable food products. The deadline for submitting entries in the essay contest is February 15, 2023. Go to agday.org for more information on contest rules, entry forms, or National Ag Day 2023. *********************************************************************************** USDA Says Dairy Exports Hit Record Levels USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service released its biannual report on America’s dairy exports. The report found that U.S. dairy exports are setting records this year in terms of value. The report covers January through October and says this increase was driven by strong prices for dairy products. Overall values are up 25 percent. Whey exports led the way with a 37 percent increase since last year. USDA says the increase in export value didn’t necessarily coincide with an increase in export volume. In fact, nonfat dry milk export volume dropped eight percent while the value went up by 27 percent. Ice cream and dry whole milk and cream saw a decrease in export volume by one and two percent, respectively. On average, volumes rose by five percent. Butter and milk fat were the only categories where volume growth outpaced growth in value. Volume increased 43 percent while the value rose 30 percent.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday December 22, 2022 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report is due out at 7:30 a.m. CST Thursday, the same time as weekly U.S. jobless claims and updates of third-quarter U.S. GDP and the U.S. Drought Monitor. The Conference Board's U.S. index of leading indicators from November will be out at 9 a.m., but weather will get most of the day's attention with bone-chilling temperatures and snow fanning out across the central U.S. Traders will also keep an eye on South American forecasts. Weather An arm of the polar vortex is sweeping through the middle of the country on Thursday. Very cold temperatures are filling in behind a cold front, which is producing a band of snow as well. Winds behind the front are intense and areas that have snow cover will see blizzard conditions developing. The southwestern Plains may see cold damage on wheat over the next couple of mornings while livestock are at extreme risk.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday December 21, 2022 |

Omnibus Includes Growing Climate Solutions Act, SUSTAINS Act The National Milk Producers Federation commended Congress for including the Growing Climate Solutions Act and the SUSTAINS Act in its final fiscal year 2023 budget package. The measures will help dairy farmers seek additional sustainability opportunities as they work to fulfill the dairy sector’s voluntary, producer-led goal of becoming greenhouse gas neutral or better by 2050. NMPF president and CEO Jim Mulhern says, “Environmental markets and conservation programs have the potential to meaningfully assist dairy producers as they work to meet their 2050 environmental stewardship goals.” The Growing Climate Solutions Act would enable USDA to register technical service providers that help farmers implement stewardship practices that can generate credits on environmental markets. The SUSTAINS Act would allow private sector funds to supplement existing funding for farm bill conservation programs, which are continuously oversubscribed. The Senate will vote on the omnibus appropriations bill this week which also includes $40 billion in disaster funding. *********************************************************************************** US Requests New USMCA Dispute Consultations on Canadian Dairy TRQ Policies United States Trade Representative Katherine Tai Tuesday announced that the United States is requesting new dispute settlement consultations with Canada under the United States – Mexico – Canada Agreement. The request is over Canada’s dairy tariff-rate quota, or TRQ, allocation measures. Since initiating consultations with Canada in May 2022, the United States has identified additional aspects of Canada's measures that appear to be inconsistent with Canada's obligations under the USMCA, and U.S. concerns have only increased. With this new request, the United States expands its challenge of Canada’s dairy TRQ allocation measures to include Canada’s use of a market-share approach for determining TRQ allocations. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack says, “Canada remains in violation of its commitments under the USMCA by not removing its trade restrictions on American dairy producers.” In January 2022, a USMCA dispute settlement panel found Canada’s dairy TRQ allocation measures to be inconsistent with Canada’s USMCA obligations. *********************************************************************************** USDA and USTR Seek New Trade Advisory Committee Members The Department of Agriculture and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative are accepting applications for new members to serve on agricultural trade advisory committees. Members of the Agricultural Policy Advisory Committee advise the administration on implementing and enforcing existing U.S. trade agreements, negotiation of new agreements, and other trade policy matters. Members of the six Agricultural Technical Advisory Committees, or ATACs, provide technical advice and guidance on international trade issues that affect specific agricultural commodity sectors. The ATACs focus on trade in animals and animal products, fruits and vegetables, grains, feed, oilseeds, and planting seeds, processed foods, sweeteners and sweetener products, tobacco, cotton, and peanuts. Applicants must have expertise in U.S. agriculture and experience in international trade to be considered for committee membership. Application instructions are available at fas.usda.gov. Applications must be received by 5 p.m. ET on January 31, 2023. *********************************************************************************** USDA Invests $9.5M to Develop New Bioproducts from Agricultural Commodities The Department of Agriculture Tuesday announced an investment of $9.5 million to support the scale-up of sustainable bioproduct manufacturing in the United States. Three successful projects are funded through USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture’s Bioproduct Pilot Program, which funds research and development of value-added products from agricultural commodities. Authorized and funded by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, the Bioproduct Pilot Program presents a unique opportunity to spur economic activity in the nation’s rural areas while lowering commercialization risks associated with bringing biobased products to market. The program’s exploration into bioproducts accelerates USDA’s efforts to develop circular bioeconomies, where agricultural resources are harvested, consumed, and regenerated sustainably. This pilot program also supports the objectives outlined in President Biden's recent Executive Order on Advancing Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing for a Sustainable, Safe, and Secure American Bioeconomy. The three awardees are Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and Soylei Innovations of Ames, Iowa. *********************************************************************************** USDA: Vegetable Prices Spike in 2022 Fresh-market vegetable crops in California, Florida, and Mexico were hit with a variety of inclement weather this summer and fall. The adverse weather reduced supplies and contributed to higher shipping-point prices, according to a USDA Economic Research Service report. Shipping-point prices for fresh vegetables are expected to remain above seasonal norms until new or replanted fields are harvested in late December or early January. While retail prices for all food rose at the quickest year-over-year pace since 1979, up about ten percent, retail fresh vegetable prices, as measured by the Consumer Price Index, rose six percent during the first three quarters of 2022. Driven primarily by rising transport costs and higher prices for key items such as potatoes, onions, and lettuce, when complete this year, the Consumer Price Index for fresh vegetables will likely present the largest year-to-year gain since an 11 percent surge in 1998. *********************************************************************************** Study Shows Soybean Oil for Biofuels Has Limited Impact on Overall Food Prices A new study shows U.S.-grown soybeans are well suited for people looking to cook, fuel up or find other sustainable solutions. The United Soybean Board partnered with Purdue University to evaluate whether the increased use of soybean oil in biofuels has contributed to the rising retail prices of food products for consumers. One key element missing from this equation is that only one-fifth of the soybean is oil, most of the soybean is meal used as a high-quality protein in animal diets. This expanded crush for oil to meet biofuel demand creates increased availability for meal, driving down the price of animal protein products. Jayson Lusk of Purdue University says, “What we found, after assessing the impact of rising soybean oil demand on prices at the grocery store, was little change to the Consumer Price Index.” While the increased demand for biofuels pushed up retail prices for oil between 0.16 percent and 4.41 percent, retail animal product prices declined between -0.01 percent and -0.16 percent.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday December 21, 2022 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets Wednesday is the first official day of winter and it will definitely feel like winter for anyone in the northern U.S. There are reports of U.S. consumer confidence in December and U.S. existing home sales in November at 9 a.m. CST, followed by the Energy Department's weekly inventory report at 9:30 a.m., including ethanol production. Traders continue to closely watch the latest weather forecasts, especially for Argentina. Weather A significant low pressure system is pushing into the central U.S. Wednesday, and it will continue to bring snow to much of the north central U.S. into Wednesday night. Accompanying the snow will be very cold temperatures extending from the Northern Plains into the central Plains and Upper Midwest. Wind gusts up to 40-50 mph will also accompany the snowfall, creating blizzard conditions and dangerously cold wind chills.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday December 20, 2022 |

2022 Census of Agriculture Underway The Department of Agriculture Last week mailed the 2022 Census of Agriculture paper questionnaires to all known agriculture producers across the nation and Puerto Rico. Producers in the states received their survey codes last month with an invitation to respond online. Any producer who has yet to respond online now has the option to complete the ag census at agcounts.usda.gov or by mail. Producers who have already responded online do not need to respond again. The deadline for response is February 6, 2023. USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service Administrator Hubert Hamer says, “We know producers are busy, which is why NASS worked to make responding to the ag census more convenient than ever before.” The Census of Agriculture remains the nation’s only comprehensive and impartial agriculture data for every state, county, and U.S. territory. Responding to the Census of Agriculture is required by law, and the same law requires NASS to keep all information confidential. *********************************************************************************** Mexico Offers Amendments to Biotech Decree The U.S. Trade Representative’s Office and the Department of Agriculture are evaluating proposed amendments to Mexico’s decree to ban the use and purchase of biotech commodities. In a joint statement, USTR Katherine Tai and Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack say, “We agreed to review their proposal closely and follow up with questions or concerns in short order,” adding, “There is a joint recognition that time is of the essence and we must determine a path forward soon.” The two officials met with a delegation of senior Mexican Government officials in Washington, D.C. late last week. On the same day, a group of more than 20 farm-state Senators urged USTR and USDA to take action against Mexico’s proposal to ban U.S. genetically-engineered corn. The Senators write, “It would be detrimental to food security in Mexico, hurt U.S. agricultural sustainability, and stifle future agricultural technology innovations that would benefit both nations.” *********************************************************************************** Iowa State University Cover Crop Report A new report from the Iowa State University Center for Agricultural and Rural Development summarizes five years of data on Iowa farmers' use of cover crops. The survey was administered to farmers who visited local conservation field offices and received technical assistance related to cover crops. The more than 3,000 responses shed light on Iowa farmers' rationale and motivations to use cover crops, the timing of planting and termination, the types and extent of varieties used, and farmers' preferred information sources. The most prevalent types of operations using cover crops were farms producing row crops and cattle, and farms producing row crops but no livestock. Most respondents seeded cover crops on erodible land, and only on a portion of their fields. The stated motivations to use cover crops reported by at least two-thirds of the respondents include preventing soil erosion, building soil organic matter, improving soil health, and improving/protecting water quality. *********************************************************************************** Applications Open for Women in Food & Agriculture Mentorship Program Alltech recently announced Applications are now open for the Women in Food & Agriculture Mentorship Program. Now in its third year, the free-to-join program matches applicants based on their preferences, which can include gender of mentor, areas of expertise, language and industry sector, and offers opportunities for women in food and agriculture to develop meaningful industry connections. Alltech President and CEO Mark Lyons says, “We view our involvement in the Women in Food & Agriculture mentorship program as an investment not only in the lives of women but in the future of agriculture.” Women in Food & Agriculture is looking for mentors of any gender who have at least one year of experience in the food and ag sector. During matching, the organization will ensure all mentors have more work experience than mentees, so this should not be a barrier to mentors applying. For more information and to apply to be a mentor or mentee, visit wfa-initiative.com *********************************************************************************** Angus Foundation to host 150 Years of Angus Celebration The Angus Foundation will host a 150 Years of Angus Celebration on January 6 at Cattlemen's Congress in Oklahoma City. In 1873, George Grant settled in Victoria, Kansas, with four Angus bulls from Scotland. The evening of Angus fellowship will feature door prizes and auction items to benefit the Foundation's mission, food and refreshments and the announcement of the 2023 Angus Herdsman of the Year. Jaclyn Boester, Angus Foundation executive director, says, "We're proud of the Angus legacy built over the past 150 years, and we know through the work of the Foundation and our supporters, the future looks just as promising." The evening's auction will feature several exciting lots, including a Two-Night Wine Country Getaway for Six and a Live Oak Plantation Experience and Quail Hunt. Funds raised through the auction will benefit the Angus Fund, which provides unrestricted support for the Foundation's mission of furthering Angus education, youth and research. For more information, visit www.AngusFoundation.org. *********************************************************************************** Fuel Price Decline Continues, But End in Sight The nation's average gas price declined again last week, falling 11.9 cents to $3.09 per gallon. The national average is down 57.1 cents from a month ago and 20 cents per gallon from a year ago. The national average diesel price fell 14.1 cents last week, reaching $4.77 per gallon. Overall, the price for a gallon of gasoline is down nearly $2 compared to six months ago, but oil prices may put an end to the declines soon. GasBuddy’s Patrick De Haan says, “While the decline should take the national average under $3 per gallon in the next week or so, it is soon likely to fade as oil prices have held in the $70 per barrel range.” After reaching as low as $72 per barrel, West Texas Intermediate crude oil has seen a slight rally on China’s reopening plans. However, De Haan says diesel prices could fall another 50 cents or more in the weeks ahead.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday December 20, 2022 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets A report on U.S. housing starts for November is set for 7:30 a.m. CST Tuesday, the only significant report on the day's docket. Traders will keep watch on the latest weather forecasts and any outside news that emerges. Traders will also pause at 8 a.m. to see if USDA has an export sale to announce. Weather While a very cold airmass still remains across the Canadian Prairies and the north central U.S. Tuesday, a significant low pressure system is developing in the northern Rockies and will push east throughout the day, eventually reaching the northwest plains later Tuesday night. Meanwhile, a disturbance bringing rain showers across the southern Mississippi Valley will continue pushing east into the Southeast throughout Tuesday.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday December 19, 2022 |

Group Supports Modernizing H-2A Visa Program The American Business Coalition Immigration Action group applauded the Senate introduction of the Affordable and Safe Food Act. The legislation would modernize the nation’s farm guest worker H-2A visa program by opening it up to more farmers. “ABIC Action fully endorses this bill and is so grateful for the leadership of Senator Michael Bennet in introducing the legislation,” says ABIC executive director Rebecca Shi (she). The bill would make visas available for year-round work in the dairy industry and other agricultural sectors, put a down payment on border security with mandatory e-verify, stabilize wages for farmers, and create legal protections and a pathway to citizenship for undocumented decade-plus farm workers. Senator Bennet says the cost of farm labor has gone up almost 50 percent over the past decade, much higher than wage costs in other sectors of the economy. The bill would save farmers $23 billion over the next 12 years. *********************************************************************************** EPA: New Biofuel Mandates Will Boost GHG in Short Term The Environmental Protection Agency’s proposed changes to the nation’s biofuel blending mandates through 2025 will cause a short-term increase in greenhouse gas emissions. However, agency documents also say the changes will yield long-term reductions. The new proposal will add to greenhouse gas emissions over the next three years by between 81 million and 266 million tons. A Reuters review of the documents says the rise will come from new tiling for corn, soy, and other plantings that release carbon from the soil. EPA’s GHG calculator says that’s the climate equivalent of driving 17 million and 57 million vehicles for one year. However, EPA also projects those emissions will be more than offset in the long term due to reduced tailpipe emissions and other factors. Those figures are assuming biofuel volume mandates don’t change after 2025. EPA says the proposal would reduce GHGs by between 128 million and 1.6 billion metric tons. *********************************************************************************** Groups Argue in Court to Preserve Chlorpyrifos A total of 20 agricultural groups argued before the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals in Washington, D.C., about chlorpyrifos. Specifically, they asked the court to reinstate chlorpyrifos tolerances that the Environmental Protection Agency has found safe. EPA revoked those safe tolerances, which effectively ended agriculture’s chance to use an important pesticide. The decision has inflicted enormous costs on thousands of American farmers and undermined their ability to protect their crops from potentially devastating insect pests. The groups say EPA revoked the safety tolerances despite finding on multiple occasions that at least 11 high-benefit crop uses could be safely maintained. American Soybean Association President Daryl Cates says, “Farmers rely on regulators following the law. Congress wrote the pesticide laws that way to provide growers access to the tools they need to be successful and ensure those tools can be used safely.” The groups are hopeful for a ruling in the coming months. *********************************************************************************** NASDA Receives Large USDA Grant From FAS Emerging Markets Program The National Association of State Departments of Agriculture was awarded a USDA grant worth $925,000 through the Foreign Agricultural Services’ Emerging Markets Program. The EMP helps organizations promote exports of agricultural products to developing countries with strong growth potential. “We are excited for NASDA members to engage in critical discussions to support global market development and strengthen bilateral trade relationships,” says NASDA CEO Ted McKinney. The group will use the funding to conduct market research in emerging markets in Southeast Asia and Africa. NASDA will also organize outbound trade missions for state department of agriculture leaders to learn about the markets and engage in discussions with relevant parties in each country. “Our members understand how important it is to spread the message about the value and quality of U.S. products and the benefits of innovation around the world,” McKinney says. “The first step in earning trading partners is establishing open communication.” *********************************************************************************** Iowa Farmland Prices Jump Again Iowa State University’s annual Land Value Survey shows farmland values are averaging $11,411 an acre in 2022, a 17 percent rise from last year. ISU says farmers have a lot more cash on hand, and supply chain issues led to a shortage of equipment, so the money typically spent on equipment is now getting used to buy land. The survey included responses from land appraisers, farm managers, and lenders. Seventy percent of the people surveyed said land values were “too high” or “way too high.” However, 48 percent of the participants also expect prices to be higher a year from now. About 28 percent expect lower land values next year, and 24 percent expect prices to hold steady. The survey began in 1941, and the 2022 farmland value of $11,411 per acre is the highest in history. When adjusted for inflation, this year’s value comes in at $8,716 an acre. *********************************************************************************** Commodity Sales to Overseas Buyers Surge USDA says sales of grains and soybeans climbed week-to-week during the week ending on December 8. Soybean sales took a healthy jump to 2.94 million metric tons, up from 1.72 million the week before. Sales surged as China bought 1.25 million metric tons, and another unnamed country purchased 1.03 million metric tons. However, exports for the week fell to 1.85 million metric tons, down from 2.25 million tons the week before. Corn sales totaled 958,900 metric tons, a sharp jump from 692,000 during the previous week. Guatemala was the top buyer at 196,400 metric tons, and Mexico bought almost 171,000 metric tons. Export sales for the week hit 591,000 metric tons, down from a little over 900,000 tons the previous week. Wheat sales rose to 469,000 metric tons, a sharp rise from 190,000 during the previous week. Exports were reported at 255,900 metric tons, down slightly from the previous week.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday December 19, 2022 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend and getting close to Christmas, USDA's weekly report of export inspections at 10 a.m. CST is the only item on Monday's docket. Trading may be slower than normal this week, but changing weather forecasts, outside market concerns and the constant threat of Russian mischief will keep us all paying attention. Weather A very cold airmass will remain across the Canadian Prairies into the north central U.S. Monday. Meanwhile, a two-part system will provide rain showers and a few thunderstorms across the south central U.S. with snow showers across the north.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday December 16, 2022 |

USDA Invests in Infrastructure to Combat Climate Change in Rural America Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack Thursday announced USDA is investing $285 million in critical infrastructure. The investment seeks to lower energy costs, expand access to clean energy for people across rural America, and combat climate change. USDA is also making an additional $300 million available under the Rural Energy for America Program, including $250 million through the Inflation Reduction Act, to spur further investment. Vilsack says, "People in rural America are on the front lines of climate change, and our communities deserve investments that will strengthen our Country's resilience." USDA is making 844 investments through the Rural Energy for America Program. The program helps farmers purchase and install renewable energy systems and make energy efficiency improvements. USDA also announced that it will make $300 million available under the Rural Energy for America Program to expand renewable energy and support energy-efficiency projects. The deadline to apply for grants is March 31, 2023. Applications for technical assistance grants are due January 31, 2023. Applications for loan guarantees are accepted year-round. *********************************************************************************** Bennet, Newhouse, Introduce Last Minute Farm Labor Bill In a last-minute effort to get H-2A reform finished before Congress adjourns, lawmakers have introduced a new bill. Senator Michael Bennet, a Democrat from Colorado and Representative Dan Newhouse, a Washington state Republican, introduced the Affordable and Secure Food Act Thursday. The legislation will reform the H-2A Temporary Agricultural Worker program by expanding H-2A visas to year-round jobs for the first time, modernizing the application process, creating more wage certainty, and ensuring critical protections for farm workers. Senator Bennet says, “This plan is broadly supported by farmers, by labor, by immigration advocates, and business,” adding, “There is no reason that we shouldn’t get this done.” Representative Newhouse says, “let’s stop waiting, and start acting,” and “reform our broken immigration laws.” The legislation reflects years of close input from farmers and ranchers, agricultural workers, and labor organizations, and would establish a program for agriculture workers, along with their spouses and minor children, to earn legal status. *********************************************************************************** USDA Releases 2021 Organics Data USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service Thursday released the results of the 2021 Organic Survey. The survey shows total sales of $11.2 billion in organic products, an increase of $1.28 billion, or 13 percent, from 2019. There were 17,445 certified organic farms, a five percent increase from 2019. California continued to lead the nation in certified organic sales with $3.55 billion, which is 32 percent of the U.S. total. It also led all states with more than 3,000 certified farms and 813,700 certified acres. Washington, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Oregon, round out the top five states for value of organic sales. Marketing practices in the certified organic farming sector showed that $2.02 billion in organic products were sold directly to retail markets, institutions, and local/regional food hubs. Another $310 million in organic products were sold directly to consumers. The value of processed or value-added products such as jam, wine, cheese, and meat, accounted for $707 million. *********************************************************************************** McKinsey & Company Release Global Farmer Survey Results Despite economic disturbances, high crop prices are giving farmers around the world cause for cautious optimism, according to a new survey. Global consultancy McKinsey & Company this week released the results of its global survey of 5,500 farmers from nine countries. Seventy percent of farmers expect profits to remain stable or increase - the result of higher crop prices driving profitability in the next two years. Consequently, farmers are being inspired to invest in new products that are focused on yield increase and crop protection. Despite an uncertain future with supply chains impacted by geopolitical conflicts, farmers are facing the changes head on, innovating in new areas and adopting new strategies. Vasanth Ganesan, Partner at McKinsey, says, “Products and services should be tailored and personalized for growers, to stimulate uptake and provide farmers access to yield-driving technologies and greater cost-efficiencies. McKinsey & Company is a global management consulting firm in more than 130 cities and 65 countries. *********************************************************************************** CHS Releases 2022 Sustainability Report CHS recently released the 2022 CHS Sustainability Report, describing the company's approach to sustainability and highlighting some of its sustainability initiatives. The actions taken by CHS will help the company reduce its impact on the planet, respond to opportunities related to enhanced sustainability and continue to build a better future for the farmers and ranchers who own the cooperative system. In 2022, CHS added Megan Rock as vice president, sustainability and innovation and chief sustainability officer. CHS will place an emphasis on helping owners, and other stakeholders understand the company's approach to environmental, social, and corporate governance reporting, including providing definitions and interpretations in the 2022 CHS Sustainability Report. The company is also exploring technologies that impact supply chain automation, real-time soil sensing and traceability in row crops as part of its sustainability efforts. For an in-depth look into the 2022 CHS Sustainability Report, visit chsinc.com/sustainability. *********************************************************************************** “Yellowstone” Creator to Speak at Annual Cattle Industry Convention Taylor Sheridan will speak during the Opening General Session of the 2023 Cattle Industry Convention & NCBA Trade Show in New Orleans on February 1. Sheridan will join NCBA President Don Schiefelbein, a Minnesota cattle producer, for a conversation about ranch life. Sheridan says, “My passion for the ranching lifestyle has inspired me to write stories that are rich in history, led by complex characters, and focus on family dynamics.” Sheridan is an Academy Award®-nominated writer and actor as well as a member of the Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame. A Texas native himself, Sheridan excels in the Western horse performance industry as an avid supporter and competitor in reining and cutting. He also owns and operates two Texas ranches, including the legendary 6666 or Four Sixes Ranch, a 2015 Environmental Stewardship Award Program regional winner, and Bosque Ranch. Sheridan recently launched Four Sixes® Ranch Brand Beef which retails beef sourced from 6666 and a network of ranches.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday December 16, 2022 |

Friday Watch List Markets There are no significant reports on Friday's docket, but traders will pay attention to the latest weather forecasts, pause at 8 a.m. CST to see if USDA has an export announcement and will keep an eye on outside markets and any news from Ukraine. Livestock traders have to wait for USDA's cattle on-feed and quarterly hogs and pigs inventory reports, due out next Friday after the market close, just in front of the Christmas weekend. Weather While our large winter storm continues to wind down slowly, snow will fall in bands across northern areas of the country throughout the day. Winds are still elevated behind the system, mostly across the Plains, where blizzard conditions continue.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday December 15, 2022 |

Corn Growers Call on Biden to Set Quick, Firm Timeline with Mexico Leaders of state corn groups and the National Corn Growers Association called on President Biden to take additional steps to address the pending decree by Mexico that would block imports of biotech corn. A letter sent to the President Wednesday encouraged Biden to raise the issue during upcoming trade talks and to file a dispute under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement if Mexico doesn't act expeditiously to withdraw the decree. The leaders say, "Corn farmers are right now in the process of making planting decisions for next spring, and any additional uncertainty in the market affects their ability to appropriately respond to multiple market signals." Mexico's Foreign Secretary Marcelo Ebrard plans to visit Washington this week to discuss the issue ahead of a planned meeting on trade between Biden, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in early January. The state corn grower leaders urged Biden to raise the issue at the meeting. *********************************************************************************** CoBank Releases 2023 Year Ahead Report The U.S. economy still has considerable momentum and is not currently on the verge of recession., according to CoBank's 2023 Year Ahead report. However, economists have never been more pessimistic, and there are legitimate reasons for concern. Over the past half-century, inflation above five percent has never been tamed without incurring a recession. Dan Kowalski, vice president of CoBank's Knowledge Exchange, says, "As financial conditions continue to tighten, we expect the U.S. economy will steadily soften through the first half of 2023." After two years defined by a strong economic rebound from the pandemic, the global economy will sputter in 2023. Despite the global pandemic and a steady barrage of disruptive challenges, the U.S. agricultural economy has fared quite well for the last three years. However, in 2023 producers and related industries will begin to show financial strains. A relentless series of adversities, including skyrocketing production costs, steeply higher interest rates and weakening demand, will increasingly pressure farm income and margins. *********************************************************************************** Counties with Continuous High Poverty Since 1960 Largely Rural Fresh data from USDA’s Economic Research Service shows counties with continuous high poverty since 1960 are largely rural. In 1960, 78 percent of U.S. counties had poverty rates of 20 percent or more. Among them, 28 percent continued to have high poverty through 1980. After enactment of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, commonly known as the War on Poverty initiatives, many counties reported reduced poverty rates. Between 1980 and 2019, poverty rates were relatively stable, mainly fluctuating with cyclical changes in the macroeconomy. As of 2019, there were 304 counties—13 percent of the counties with high poverty in 1960—that consistently had poverty rates of 20 percent or more over the last 60 years. The majority—264 counties—are rural counties and are clustered in the Appalachian States; the Black Belt in the South; the Mississippi Delta; the Ozarks region of Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and southeast Kansas; the Southwest; and in counties with large American Indian and Alaska Native populations. *********************************************************************************** New Project Allows Cotton Farmers to participate in Carbon Markets A new collaboration offers southern cotton growers the chance to participate in carbon markets. The Ecosystem Services Market Consortium, US Cotton Trust Protocol, Manulife Investment Management, and Forum for the Future announced the effort Wednesday. The collaboration launched an Eco-Harvest pilot project in Alabama, Arkansas, Texas, and Tennessee. The project will work with cotton farmers to generate high-quality carbon and greenhouse gas credits on more than 2,300 acres. Cotton producers targeted for enrollment include those implementing conservation practices such as nutrient management, reduced tillage, and cover crops. Once producers are enrolled in ESMC’s Eco-Harvest program, ESMC quantifies credits and arranges third-party credit verification by a global certification body. Corporate buyers can purchase these verified credits to help meet their supply chain sustainability targets. Participating farmers, who may be new to private voluntary ecosystem markets linked to conservation practice adoption, will develop knowledge on and the ability to participate in markets. Learn more about the program at ecosystemservicesmarket.org. *********************************************************************************** USDA Invests Additional $10M to Support Community Food Projects USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture Wednesday announced an investment of nearly $10 million through the Community Food Projects Competitive Grants Program. The funding, made possible through the American Rescue Plan Act, bolsters USDA’s food and nutrition security efforts. Specifically, the funding promotes the self-reliance of communities in providing for the unique food needs of their community members. Community food projects support small to medium farmers, producers and processors in urban, rural, tribal and insular areas. The program provides communities a voice in food system decisions and supports local food markets to fully benefit the community, increase food and nutrition security and stimulate local economies. The program funds projects that meet the food needs of low-income individuals through food distribution, community outreach or improved food access. The funds will be invested in 29 Community Foods Projects from fiscal year 2022 Request for Applications submissions that were highly ranked but could not be funded at the time due to budget constraints. *********************************************************************************** NOAA Announces Funding for Fish Habitats Across U.S. NOAA Fisheries Wednesday announced $105 million in funding for 36 new fish passage projects under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. The announcement includes significant funding to implement fish passage projects that meet tribal priorities and build tribal organizational capacity to support their role as stewards of tribal resources. Through the funding, NOAA prioritized projects that demonstrate a broad base of stakeholder and community support. Selected projects will span the full range of fish passage types, including dam removals, fish ladders, culvert improvements and in-stream fish passage improvements. NOAA says 15 of the projects, encompassing more than $26.3 million in funding, will be led by tribal applicants for fish passage. Fish passage is about improving access for fish to the habitats they need or reconnecting access to historic habitat blocked by humans. Migratory fish like salmon require access to high-quality rearing and spawning habitats, and unimpeded migratory corridors, to be successful and resilient.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday December 15, 2022 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly report of export sales is due out at 7:30 a.m. CST Thursday, the same time as weekly U.S. jobless claims, a report of U.S. retail sales in November and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. At 9:15 a.m., the Federal Reserve's report on U.S. industrial production for November will be out, followed by the U.S. Energy Department's report of natural gas storage at 9:30 a.m. and the November soybean crush report from the National Oilseeds Processors later Thursday morning. Traders will keep watch over the latest weather forecasts and outside market behavior after Wednesday's half-percent rate hike from the Federal Reserve. Weather A slow-moving, strong storm system continues to produce widespread weather impacts to the country on Thursday. Heavy snow is falling in bursts across the Upper Midwest and Dakotas and a line of precipitation is moving through the Eastern Seaboard. Winds are still high on the backside of the system across the Northern Plains, producing blizzard conditions. Colder air is filling in behind the cold front through most of the country.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday December 14, 2022 |

November Combine Harvesters, Four Wheel Drive Tractor Sales Grow Combine harvester sales remained positive in November, as did four-wheel drive tractor sales in both the U.S. and Canada. However, the latest data from the Association of Equipment Manufacturers says total tractor sales fell in both countries. Total U.S. ag equipment unit sales fell overall though the largest units grew in sales. November’s total farm tractor sales fell 21 percent compared to 2021, with the under-40 horsepower segment seeing the biggest drop at 28 percent. U.S. self-propelled combine sales in November grew 8.3 percent to 314 units sold. Combine sales are one of two positive segments this year, up 15.7 percent year-to-date. The other growing segment in 2022 is the 100-plus horsepower segment, up 6.2 percent during November and 13.3 percent higher year-to-date. Combine harvesters and 4WD tractors were the only higher segments in Canada. “While total sales are down, the larger equipment continues to be strong,” says Curt Blades of AEM. *********************************************************************************** Lower Soybean Oil Demand Means Higher Ending Stocks The current 2022-2023 U.S. soybean balance sheet remains unchanged for now as export and crush volumes are in line with current forecasts. Although soybean meal is off to the projected start, the same can’t be said for soybean oil. Abysmal export volumes and commitments have resulted in a lower soybean oil export forecast for the current marketing year, dropping by 200 million pounds to 1.1 million pounds. Total commitments were down 90 percent on December 1. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency released its renewable fuel obligation targets for 2023-2025, which included a slight bump in the biomass-based diesel mandate during the first year. The EPA also approved and finalized a pathway for canola oil used in renewable diesel production. As a result, America’s soybean and canola oil balance sheets are changed to nearly offset the expected impacts on domestic use. Ultimately, the soybean oil ending stocks forecast got raised to 1.9 billion pounds. *********************************************************************************** Vegetable Prices Up 40 Percent Americans are paying up to 40 percent more for their vegetables than in 2021, and drought is a big reason for the price hike. A new report from Daily Mail says the increase is due, in large part, to states that grow fresh produce getting hit with water cuts because of droughts and storms destroying some crops as well. For example, Arizona produces 90 percent of the leafy greens in the U.S. and experienced its worst drought in 1,200 years. Water levels in the Colorado River are dramatically low, cutting down on the amount of water available to farmers. No relief is coming for Arizona’s farmers as officials will cut Arizona’s water intake from the Colorado River by 21 percent starting on January 1, 2023. The nation’s top agricultural state, California, is also getting hurt by severe drought. The biggest increase was a 38 percent jump in the price of fresh and dry vegetables. *********************************************************************************** Officials Want Support for Organic Poultry and Dairy Producers Senator Tammy Baldwin and Representatives Jared Huffman and Chellie Pingree led 25 colleagues in a bipartisan, bicameral letter asking Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack for immediate assistance for organic poultry and dairy producers. “We’re writing on behalf of the organic and poultry sectors to request emergency relief in response to skyrocketing feed costs that are impacting the future viability of this industry,” the letter says. “The situation is dire and requires your immediate response.” International trade challenges specific to the organic sector, persistent drought, and the lack of a stable domestic supply of certified organic feed combined to create a dire economic situation for organic livestock farmers for the past two years. They also point out that year-over-year price spikes in the cost of feedstuffs are now creating unsustainable circumstances that could lead to further farm closures, reduced competition, and ultimately limit consumer choice. If not addressed, the impact could be devastating. *********************************************************************************** CNH Industrial Opening Electrification R and D Center in Michigan CNH Industrial recently announced it has opened a new technical center in Detroit, Michigan. The center is designed to support the company’s growing innovation in electrification. It will also enhance CNH Industrial’s technology capabilities. “This new center underlines our commitment to growing our electric vehicle and subsystem profile and marks another milestone for us,” CNH says in a statement. “This allows us to become more customer-focused and build mission-fit electrified drivetrains and high voltage systems.” The new site in Detroit will complement and partner with the company’s existing electrification site in Italy. The sites will work together to advance the company’s position in alternative types of propulsion built on more than 15 years of R and D experience. “As an employer, we are investing in talented and motivated people who augment our in-house electrification capabilities,” says Kevin Barr, Chief Human Resource Officer. “Our talent will change agriculture in the years ahead.” *********************************************************************************** Weekly Export Inspection Numbers Drop USDA says inspections of soybeans and grain for overseas delivery all fell in the seven days ending on December 8. Soybean assessments came in at 1.84 million metric tons, down from over two million tons the prior week. That’s still better than the 1.75 million reported during the same week last year. Corn inspections also fell, dropping to 505,000 metric tons. That number was down from almost 825,000 the previous week. That corn number was also below the total from the same time last year of 930,000 metric tons. Wheat inspections totaled just 218,500 metric tons, down from more than 341,000 the week before and 269,000 during the same week last year. Since the start of the marketing year, USDA has inspected 7.15 million metric tons of corn for export, 23.4 million metric tons of soybeans, and 11.1 million metric tons of wheat. The wheat marketing year began on June 1.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday December 14, 2022 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets At 9:30 a.m. CST Wednesday, the U.S. Energy Department will release its weekly report of energy inventories, including ethanol productions. At 1 p.m., the Federal Reserve will conclude its two-day meeting and is expected to increase the federal funds target by a half-percent. Traders will be watching for any comments from the Fed, the latest weather forecasts and for any sign of export sales. Weather In the midst of a strong storm system, continued heavy snow and blizzard conditions are occurring over the Northern Plains while a band of precipitation arcs through the Midwest and down into the Lower Mississippi Valley. Additional precipitation is forming over eastern Texas as another low pressure center develops on a strong cold front near the Mississippi River later today. That low will move northeast and through the Midwest with additional precipitation and risks for severe weather across the Gulf Coast.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday December 13, 2022 |

FACA Congratulates Additional Recipients of Climate-Smart Pilot Project Funding The Food and Agriculture Climate Alliance Monday congratulated the second group of organizations selected to receive funding through USDA’s Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities Program. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack announced the additional funding of $325 million for 71 projects under the second funding pool of the effort. USDA received more than 1,000 proposals between two funding pools requesting more than $20 billion in funds. The announcement brings the total investment from both funding pools to more than $3.1 billion for 141 tentatively selected projects. The projects will provide meaningful opportunities for small and underserved producers to participate in innovative climate programs, according to FACA. One of FACA’s key tenets is ensuring federal climate programs offer equitable opportunities for all farmers, ranchers and forest owners. FACA supports a voluntary, incentive-based approach to advance the deployment of climate-smart practices on working lands. FACA consists of organizations representing farmers, agribusinesses, manufacturers, the food and innovation sector, state governments, sportsmen, and environmental advocates. *********************************************************************************** USDA Accepting Applications for Panama Agribusiness Trade Mission USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service is accepting applications from U.S. exporters for a regional trade mission to Panama from March 19-23, 2023. FAS Administrator Daniel Whitley says, "This is a perfect time to increase U.S. agricultural and food exports to Central America." USDA staff and regional experts will provide in-depth market briefings while in the country. The agency will also arrange targeted business meetings with potential customers from Panama, a bilateral Free Trade Agreement partner, and buyers from countries in the multilateral Central America and Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement. The region offers strong capabilities in logistics, distribution, processing, cold chain, and more. Strong opportunities exist for exporters across many industries, including poultry, pork, dairy, beer and wine, snack foods and health foods. This will be the first USDA Agribusiness Trade Mission in 2023. The deadline to apply for the CAFTA-DR trade mission is Friday, December 30. Complete information is available at fas.usda.gov/. *********************************************************************************** FTC: Tractor Supply Company Must Sell Some Orscheln Stores The Federal Trade Commission recently finalized a consent order settling Tractor Supply Company’s acquisition of rival chain Orscheln (ORR-shlin) Farm and Home LLC. Following a public comment period, the FTC determined the acquisition would have harmed competition among farm stores in the Midwest and South. The consent order imposes a number of requirements, including that Tractor Supply divest some Orscheln stores, as well as Orscheln’s corporate offices and Missouri distribution center, to Bomgaars )BOM-gars), an Iowa-based farm store chain, and other stores to Buchheit (buck-eyet), another chain with farm stores in Missouri and Illinois. Tractor Supply Company announced it closed the Orscheln Farm and Home acquisition in October in a deal valued at $320 million. The consent agreement also requires that for a period of three years, the companies buying the divested farm stores must obtain prior approval from the FTC before selling any of the Orscheln stores they acquired. *********************************************************************************** Alltech ONE Conference Embarks on a World Tour in 2023 Alltech is transforming its annual Alltech ONE Conference in 2023 into a series of international events. The events will invite collaboration on the greatest challenges facing the agri-food industry. Instead of welcoming the world to Alltech's home in Lexington, Kentucky, as it has for the past 38 years, the Alltech ONE World Tour will bring the ideas and inspiration of the ONE Conference to communities throughout the world. Stops are planned in Brazil, Canada, Hungary, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, the Middle East, the Philippines, Singapore, Spain, the United States and Vietnam. Additional stops are expected to be announced in 2023. Alltech President and CEO Dr. Mark Lyons says, "As our customers and partners continue to face many challenges and uncertainties, we determined that 2023 would be dedicated to meeting them in their market." Alltech will welcome the international conference back to Kentucky in 2024, and the company will release more details about the 2023 tour in the coming weeks. *********************************************************************************** Portland to Replace Petroleum Diesel Sales with Biodiesel Portland, Oregon’s city council recently voted to phase out petroleum diesel sales and replace the product with biofuels. The policy focuses on diesel fuel, phasing in requirements for cleaner, renewable fuels, with the goal of achieving 99 percent renewable blend of all diesel fuel sales in Portland by 2030. The rulemaking process and the interim rule allows flexibility to adjust the policy based on real market conditions. While renewable fuel producers are confident that supply will be available in Oregon by 2026, the rollout timeline was extended to 2030 in response to concerns from local industry about supply and cost. City leaders say the efforts reduce dependence on nonrenewable fossil fuels by increasing the required percentage of renewable fuels blended with petroleum diesel. The standard only applies to retailers of diesel fuel located within the city of Portland. Replacing petroleum diesel at the pump is one of the 43 priority actions listed in the Portland Climate Emergency Workplan. *********************************************************************************** Weekly Fuel Prices: Diesel Declines Outpace Gas The nation's average gas price declined for the fifth consecutive week, down 14.4 cents from a week ago to $3.21 per gallon. The national average is down 56.5 cents from a month ago and 11.0 cents per gallon lower than a year ago. The national average price of diesel has fell 14.9 cents in the last week and stands at $4.91 per gallon. GasBuddy's Patrick De Haan says, “We remain on schedule to see the national average gas price fall below $3 by Christmas, with diesel set to fall 50 cents to $1 per gallon over the next six weeks or so.” The keystone XL Pipeline shutdown, De Haan adds, is not expected to impact fuel prices, for now. Under the weight of economic concerns, a possible surge in COVID cases as China works towards re-opening, and a changed psyche that OPEC+ is over-producing, oil prices fell last week to their lowest in nearly a year.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday December 13, 2022 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets Just as the Federal Reserve begins its two-day meeting Tuesday, we will all get to see the U.S. Labor Department's report of November consumer prices at 7:30 a.m. CST. The report probably won't stop the Fed from raising rates by a half-percent on Wednesday, as is expected, but it could offer a clue for future decisions. Traders will continue to keep close watch on the latest weather forecasts, any export news and events in Ukraine. Weather A very strong storm system is moving through the Plains Tuesday morning. A line of showers and thunderstorms are creating some severe weather across Texas, which will likely get into Louisiana and adjacent areas this afternoon. Farther north, heavy snow is picking up from Colorado to South Dakota and will expand into Montana, North Dakota, and Minnesota later Tuesday and Tuesday night. Winds are also strong across much of the middle of the country, creating blowing dust in dry areas of the Plains and a blizzard in the heavy snow across the north.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday December 12, 2022 |

USDA Releases December WASDE Report, Corn Exports Drop The December World Ag Supply and Demand Estimates report says the 2022-2023 corn outlook is for lower exports and greater ending stocks. Exports dropped by 75 million bushels as export competition and high U.S. corn prices have slowed sales and shipments. Corn ending stocks grew by 75 million bushels. The season-average corn price dropped ten cents to $6.70 a bushel. Soybean supply and use projections are unchanged from November. Because of the recent EPA proposal on RVOs, soybean oil used for biofuels dropped by 200 million pounds. Oil exports are also at historic lows through November. The season-average soybean price is unchanged at $14.00 per bushel. The December wheat supply and use outlook is unchanged from last month. Global wheat consumption is lowered by 1.6 million tons, mainly on lower feed and residual use by the EU and Ukraine. The season-average farm price is down by ten cents to $9.10 a bushel. *********************************************************************************** Representatives Send Letter to USTR on Mexico’s Upcoming Corn Ban Twenty-four members of the House of Representatives Ways and Means Committee sent a letter to U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai about Mexico. They want a resolution to a lingering trade dispute with Mexico over biotech corn imports. “We’ve been working closely with Congress on this issue, and it’s inspiring to see congressional champions faithfully taking up the mantle,” says National Corn Growers Association President Tom Haag. “These members are now looking to Ambassador Tai to uphold the integrity of USMCA.” The letter is the latest development and response from U.S. officials as the ag community braces for a fallout if Mexico follows through on its promise to ban biotech corn shipments in early 2024. Ninety percent of U.S. corn is biotech corn. Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack traveled to Mexico City and met with Mexican President Lopez Obrador, saying the U.S. would consider all options, including formal steps to enforce the terms of USMCA. *********************************************************************************** Beef Agreement Between U.S., Japan Officially Set for January 1, 2023 U.S. Trade Rep Katherine Tai and Japan’s Ambassador to the U.S. confirmed that amendments to the beef safeguard trigger level under the U.S.-Japan Trade Agreement will trigger on January 1, 2023. The letters confirmed both countries completed their procedures to put the protocol in place. “The new beef safeguard agreement will ensure that America’s farmers and ranchers can continue to meet Japan’s strong demand for high-quality U.S. beef,” says Tai. “I’m grateful to leaders and stakeholders in both countries for their dedication and ingenuity, which were important in reaching this outcome.” The new protocol amends the beef safeguard trigger level with a new three-trigger safeguard mechanism. The new amendment allows U.S. beef exporters to more reliably meet Japan’s growing demand for high-quality beef, provides more predictability, and reduces the probability that safeguard duties would get imposed on U.S. beef. All three criteria must be met to impose a tariff on U.S. beef. *********************************************************************************** FCA Issues Latest Report on the Ag Economy The Farm Credit Administration received a quarterly report on economic issues affecting U.S. agriculture and an update on the performance of the Farm Credit System. Inflation and rising interest rates continue to be major economic issues despite a recent slowdown in inflation. Consumer reaction to inflation, higher interest rates, and the labor market will be key drivers for the economy in 2023. Input costs will be important for farmers next year. Volatility in the price of natural gas will continue to be passed on through fertilizer prices. Supply chain difficulties persist with agricultural equipment, leading to high prices and long waits for new equipment and replacement parts. Through the first nine months of 2022, the Farm Credit System reported favorable financial results, including continued loan growth, increased earnings, and robust capital levels despite some decline in the System’s capital-to-asset ratio. Portfolios remained strong despite challenging operating conditions in certain sectors and regions. *********************************************************************************** ASA, Cotton Growers Present Oral Arguments in Dicamba Case The American Soybean Association and the Plains Cotton Growers, Incorporated, presented oral arguments before the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals last Thursday. It’s a part of the case of the American Soybean Association versus the EPA. The two groups urged the court to clarify jurisdictional rules under FIFRA and to require the Environmental Protection Agency to use the best available science when evaluating dicamba pesticide registrations and potential impacts to species protected by the Endangered Species Act. The groups filed the lawsuit against EPA in November 2020 on the five-year registration for the use of dicamba on dicamba-tolerant soybeans and cotton. Growers argued EPA’s flawed approach led the agency to impose arbitrary and overly burdensome buffers and application cutoff dates. The groups are asking the court to remand portions of the registration back to the EPA for reconsideration with the direction to use the science and data available to the agency. *********************************************************************************** NSP Announces Winners in its Sorghum Yield Contest National Sorghum Producers announced the winners of the 2022 Sorghum Yield Contest. This year’s Bin Buster Award winners are Brant and Amy Peterson of Winsome Farms in Kansas. They had the top yield in the contest at 245.8 bushels per acre. “National Sorghum Producers congratulates the winners of the 2022 Sorghum Yield Contest,” says NSP Board of Directors Chair Craig Meeker. “Despite a challenging growing season, there are impressive top-end yields scattered across the nation. We congratulate the winners and look forward to recognizing them during the 2023 Commodity Classic in Orlando, Florida.” Meeker says the results of this year’s contest show just how resilient sorghum can be. “The Bin Buster yield is six times the 2022 national average yield this year and one of the top ten yields on record in the contest.” While the drought had a significant impact on many sorghum growers, Meeker says they’re very proud of the results.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday December 12, 2022 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, traders will be checking the latest weather forecasts, especially for South America, and still digesting the few changes from Friday's WASDE report. USDA's weekly report of export inspections will be out at 10 a.m. CST and will likely show more soybean movement. The U.S. Treasury reports on the federal budget for November at 1 p.m. Weather A major winter storm system will move out of the Rockies and into the Plains on Monday. Winds will increase ahead of the system, bringing a lot of moisture northward for the system to work with. Widespread precipitation is expected in the middle of the country by late afternoon or evening, including heavy snow and some ice to the north and potential for severe storms along a cold front in the Central and Southern Plains. Temperatures are well above normal for a lot of the country but will be falling below normal as the system moves eastward through the rest of the week.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday December 9, 2022 |

Vilsack to Announce Second Round of Climate-Smart Commodities Investments Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack travels to Alabama Monday to announce the second round of investments of the Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities funding. Projects from the second funding pool will emphasize the enrollment of small farming and ranching operations, including underserved producers, as well as measurement, monitoring, reporting and verification activities developed at minority-serving institutions. The investment in projects nationwide will expand markets for climate-smart commodities, leverage the greenhouse gas benefits of climate-smart commodity production and provide direct, meaningful benefits to production agriculture, according to USDA. In September, Vilsack announced USDA is investing up to $2.8 billion in 70 selected projects under the first pool of the Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities funding opportunity. USDA first announced details of the Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities opportunity in February 2022. The 70 projects announced in September are from the first funding pool, which included proposals seeking funds ranging from $5 million to $100 million. *********************************************************************************** AFBF: Labor Challenges Increase Farm Economy Pressures Labor demands continue to tax the bottom lines of farmers and ranchers, with rising wage rates and record usage of the H-2A visa program. The American Farm Bureau Federation says meaningful reforms to the federal government's guest worker program must be a priority for Congress by the end of the year. AFBF and more than 350 other food and farm organizations that are part of the Ag Workforce Coalition sent a letter urging the Senate to pass legislation to address the nation's agricultural workforce challenges this year. The House of Representatives passed a farm labor reform bill, but the legislation needs improvements according to the coalition. The letter states, “The country cannot afford for the Senate to miss this opportunity to provide stability to both farmers and farmworkers.” Recent analysis from AFBF economists indicates that costs associated with farm labor will add to the ever-expanding list of factors straining the farm economy in 2023. *********************************************************************************** October Pork Exports Largest in 16 Months; Beef Exports Already Top $10 Billion October exports of U.S. pork were the largest in more than a year, and beef export volume also increased from a year ago, according to the U.S. Meat Export Federation. U.S. beef exports are on a record pace in 2022 and have already exceeded $10 billion. Pork exports reached 238,190 metric tons in October, up five percent from a year ago and the largest since June 2021. Pork export value increased 13 percent to $697.3 million, the highest since May 2021. For January through October, pork exports were 12 percent below last year at 2.18 million metric tons, valued at $6.26 billion. October beef exports totaled 125,466 metric tons, up eight percent from a year ago. Export value was $929.8 million, down three percent from the large total reported in October 2021. In the first ten months of 2022, beef export value increased 18 percent from last year's record pace to reach $10.05 billion. *********************************************************************************** Lawmakers Introduce Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act of 2022 The prospect of permanent, nationwide availability of the E15 ethanol blend moves closer with new House legislation, according to the Renewable Fuels Association. Representatives Angie Craig, a Minnesota Democrat, and Adrian Smith, a Nebraska Republican, this week introduced the Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act of 2022. RFA President and CEO Geoff Cooper says the legislation will “finally remove a burdensome and nonsensical barrier to the broader deployment of cleaner, more affordable fuels.” Specifically, the legislation would harmonize fuel volatility regulations for ethanol-blended fuels across the country, allowing for the year-round sale of E15 in conventional gasoline markets. It also would supersede an effort by Midwest state governors to make regulatory changes that would assure the availability of E15 sales year-round in their states. In November, RFA and the American Petroleum Institute led a broad coalition that called on Congress to quickly adopt legislation to permanently resolve inconsistent fuel volatility regulations. *********************************************************************************** Caloric Sweetener Availability Dropped 17% Last Two Decades In 2021, the number of caloric sweeteners available for consumption in the United States was 17 percent less than in 1999, falling to 127.3 pounds per person from 153.6 pounds. According to the USDA Economic Research Service's Food Availability Data System, a reduction in the availability of total corn sweeteners contributed to the drop. The availability of corn sweeteners fell from a peak of 85.7 pounds per person in 1999 to 55.3 pounds in 2021. Shifting preferences among consumers and food manufacturers, high corn prices, and competition with refined cane and beet sugars and other caloric sweeteners contributed to the decline. The availability of refined cane and beet sugars fell from 102.3 pounds per person in 1972 to 60.0 pounds in 1986 and remained relatively flat for the next two and a half decades. Refined sugar availability began to rise in 2010, surpassing corn sweeteners in 2011 and reaching 69.7 pounds per person in 2021. *********************************************************************************** National No-Tillage Conference Returns to St. Louis For the ninth time in its 31-year history, the annual National No-Tillage Conference is returning to St. Louis. Hosted by No-Till Farmer, the event will be held January 10-13 at the Hyatt Regency St. Louis Arch Hotel in St. Louis, Missouri. The content covers myriad topics in no-till, including equipment, cover crops, intercropping, economic analyses, soil analysis, fertilizing methods and more. Among the experts presenting are the highest-yielding farmers on the planet, including legendary no-tillers Russell Hedrick of North Carolina, David Hula of Virginia, Randy Dowdy of Georgia, Ray Archuleta of Missouri, and more. The program includes 14 general sessions, 45 roundtables and 23 classroom sessions. The National No-Tillage Conference provides practical tips, and information farmers need to run a more successful and profitable no-till operation. You can learn more about the event and register online at www.no-tillfarmer.com. Organizers say the event delivers insightful learning and unlimited networking with the best of the no-till community.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday December 9, 2022 |

Friday Watch List Markets The U.S. Labor Department will report on producer prices at 7:30 a.m. CST Friday, an important report that will influence Fed policy in the days ahead. The University of Michigan's index of U.S. consumer sentiment for early December is set for 9 a.m. Traders of course, will keep close watch over the latest weather forecasts and will also stop to take in USDA's WASDE and Crop Production reports, due out at 11 a.m. Weather A compact storm system is moving through the Midwest on Friday, producing a band of mixed precipitation and some moderate snow. The system will continue to track eastward through the region throughout the day, weakening as it moves into the Appalachians. At the same time, a lingering front across the South continues to see showers Friday morning that should continue as well. Friday night, a small disturbance will build on that front across the Southern Plains with more enhanced showers and thunderstorms going into the weekend.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday December 8, 2022 |

Top House Ag Republican Wants Enhanced Safety Net The top Republican on the House Ag Committee wants a stronger safety net for U.S. farmers. Pennsylvania Republican Glenn Thompson wants Congress to strengthen crop insurance and farm subsidy programs so producers don’t have to rely on stop-gap federal aid to survive challenges like trade wars, natural disasters, and COVID-19. “The need for a reliable farm safety net is paramount,” says Thompson. He will likely become the committee chair in January when Republicans gain a slim majority in the House. Agriculture Dot Com says almost 80 percent of federal agriculture funding has moved through bailout programs since 2018. Farm groups want higher reference prices, a factor in calculating subsidy payments, and more protection under the federal crop insurance program. Some industry experts say a status-quo farm bill is possible because of the small majorities in the House and Senate and a potential lack of new funding sources for the farm bill. *********************************************************************************** Bunge Expecting Big Jump in Renewable Diesel Production The U.S. is about to more than double its production capacity for renewable diesel. Reuters says that prediction comes from Greg Heckman, the CEO of Bunge, who says the country’s production capacity should hit five billion gallons by 2024. Heckman recently said his company hasn’t changed its own capacity plans after the recent RFS blending requirements didn’t increase as much as the industry expected. “Demand is up,” he says. “It’s sure not affecting us as we’ve been making plans for the long term.” Bunge formed a joint venture with Chevron in 2021 and announced plans to expand processing capacity by 2024 at Bunge’s soy-crushing facilities in Illinois and Louisiana. Those beans can be used to produce soy-based biodiesel. Other companies like JP Morgan say the EPA’s proposal on biofuel blending requirements calls for a “surprisingly low amount of growth,” and they worry about an oversupply of biodiesel without large enough mandates. *********************************************************************************** Consider Corn Challenge Winner Almost Ready for Commercialization ExoPolymer, Inc. won the Consider Corn Challenge 2 Contest and has taken its idea one step closer to commercialization. The new partnership with CP Kelco will help the company scale up the production of a new polysaccharide-based polymer. It’s domestically-produced by microbial fermentation using corn sugar as a feedstock. “We’re thrilled to see a previous Consider Corn Challenge winner, Derek Wells and ExoPolymer, continue to reach key milestones and get closer to commercializing their ideas,” says NCGA Director of Market Development Sarah McKay. “This is our hope for all winners and is the goal of the contest.” NCGA also says it wants to highlight some of the great research going on using corn as an industrial feedstock, which in turn increases corn demand. If all 15 winners of the Consider Corn Challenges reached full commercialization with products available in the marketplace, that could be an additional 3.4 billion bushels of new corn demand. *********************************************************************************** USDA Investing $981 Million to Expand Market Opportunities Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack announced his department is investing $981 million to help create new and better market opportunities and expand services for rural people, businesses, and entrepreneurs. The funds will be used to assist people in 47 states, Guam, and the Virgin Islands. “Rural people provide the everyday essentials our country depends on,” he says. “The partnerships we’re announcing today demonstrate USDA’s commitment to advocating for rural business owners and building brighter futures for everyone in rural America.” The funding will keep resources and wealth made by rural people right at home through affordable financing and technical assistance. It will also help rural Americans start businesses and allow small business owners to grow. It also opens doors to new economic opportunities for communities and people who’ve historically lacked access to resources and funding. USDA is making 242 awards through eight programs designed to create economic opportunities for rural people and businesses. *********************************************************************************** USDA Letter Emphasizing Western Drought and Conservation Priorities Senators Micheal Bennet of Colorado and Mitt Romney of Utah led a bipartisan group of 14 senators in sending a letter to USDA about the western drought and conservation priorities. They’re asking the agency to give parity to the urgent priorities of Western growers and communities through existing authorities, new funding, and collaboration across government. “The American West is in crisis,” the senators say in the letter. “Farm and ranch families hang in the balance as they grapple with a 22-year mega-drought.” They also say the acute shortage of water for Western growers threatens productive farmland across our states, which are both a pillar of rural economies and drivers of American food production. In the letter, the senators asked USDA to support Western farmers and ranchers to conserve water, improve water infrastructure and efficiency, protect lands at risk of erosion, and provide technical assistance for growers in regions hurt by drought. *********************************************************************************** There are Enough Christmas Trees to Meet the Demand The Christmas tree industry wants Americans to know there will be enough trees available to meet the demand for real Christmas trees. Marsha Gray, executive director of the Real Christmas Tree Board, says,” The industry met the demand in 2021 and will do so again this year. This is a year with few surprises.” Gray also says their annual survey found that 86 percent of real Christmas tree buyers had no problems finding a nearby place to get their trees in 2021. “Our grower survey tells us the demand for real trees is healthy,” Gray says. “Retailers see steady consumer interest in real Christmas trees and supply is pretty well matched to that interest.” Like many other sectors of U.S. agriculture, Christmas tree growers say their input costs have risen compared to last year. Consequently, many growers had a five to 15 percent increase in their wholesale prices compared to last year.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday December 8, 2022 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report is due out at 7:30 a.m. CST Thursday, the same time as weekly U.S. jobless claims and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. Trading may be cautious ahead of Friday's WASDE report and traders will keep an eye on the latest weather forecasts and any news of an export sale. The U.S. Energy Department's weekly report of natural gas storage is set for 9:30 a.m. Weather A storm system moving through the Central and Southern Plains northeast through the Ohio Valley is already producing a wide band of moderate rainfall from Oklahoma to Kentucky Thursday morning. The storm will fill in farther north later in the day with some potential for freezing rain and a band of moderate snow going through Nebraska into southern Minnesota and Iowa. The snow will continue across Wisconsin and Michigan on Friday. Temperatures are rising across most areas regardless of precipitation moving through.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday December 7, 2022 |

Farmer Sentiment Unchanged Despite High Costs, Rising Interest Rates There wasn’t much movement in the November Purdue University/CME Group Ag Economy Barometer. The index read 102 for the month, unchanged from October. However, the Current Conditions Index dropped three points to 98, while the Future Expectations Index rose two points to a reading of 104. Even though producer sentiment was the same in November, producers are continuing to look at their bottom line and rising interest rates. Combine that with high input and energy costs, and there’s a lot of anxiety at the farm level. Forty-two percent of the survey respondents list high input costs as their top concern in the year ahead. The Farm Capital Investment Index dropped to a record low of 31 in November. Almost 80 percent of the respondents said it’s a “bad time” to make large investments in farm machinery. Just over one-fourth of the respondents have made operational changes due to rising energy prices. *********************************************************************************** Poll Shows Voters Support Immigration Reform A poll of voters commissioned by the International Dairy Foods Association shows strong support for reforming immigration policy as a way to help control food prices. Almost 90 percent of Democrat voters and 79 percent of Republican voters support the idea of immigration reform. When asked about the price of food, it was an almost unanimous 94 percent who said that rising food prices are a problem in America. It turns out that over 40 percent of the voters see a connection between immigration issues and rising food costs. Democrat and Republican voters aren’t aligned in connecting immigration issues with rising food costs. Over half of Republican voters say they’re connected while only one-third of Democrats do. Over half of the voters, including 55 percent of Democrats and 58 percent of Republicans, support Congress passing substantial immigration reform. Older voters, post-graduate voters, and urban voters are the most supportive of reform *********************************************************************************** Rabobank: Fertilizer Prices Lower in 2023 Fertilizer consumption suffered in 2022 due to market volatility and record-high prices. However, a new Rabobank report says a recovery in consumption is possible in some regions next year, with fertilizer prices lowering and commodity prices at historically high levels. “The affordability index’s moving average is trending lower as fertilizer prices are returning to pre-Ukraine War levels,” says Rabobank. “For the next three months, the index will continue to trend downward but remain above normal.” The key point to watch for is nitrogen products, as the natural gas crisis in Europe has the potential to make urea and ammonia more expensive and could keep the index at a high level. Rabobank says the nitrogen-based fertilizer market is the most volatile among all fertilizers due to its connection with oil and natural gas markets. As those commodities get more volatile, urea and ammonia prices are expected to go along with the tide. *********************************************************************************** Export Inspections of Corn and Wheat Improve USDA says export inspections of corn and wheat rose while soybean assessments declined during the week ending on December 1. Corn inspections were just over 524,300 metric tons. That’s up from 311,700 tons the prior week. It’s still behind the 786,000 tons inspected during the same time last year. Wheat assessments reached 334,650 metric tons during the week, up from 284,500 tons during the previous week. It’s also ahead of the 285,000 tons inspected at the same time last year. Soybean inspections dropped to 1.72 million metric tons during the week, a significant drop from 2.23 million tons the prior week. Since the marketing year began, the agency has inspected 6.34 million metric tons of corn, 21.2 million metric tons of soybeans, and 10.9 million metric wheat tons. Last year at this time, the agency had inspected 9.42 million metric tons of corn, 23.8 million tons of soybeans, and 11.2 million tons of wheat. *********************************************************************************** Pork Checkoff Rate Adjustment on January 1 The Pork Checkoff rate will drop by five cents on January 1, 2023, to 35 cents per $100 of value. This change is the result of a resolution passed by voting delegates at the 2022 Pork Industry Forum. Pork Checkoff payments are collected for all pigs sold with a change of ownership. This includes the sale of weaned pigs, breeding age animals, and at the final market destination. Payments received by NPB for pigs sold on or after the first of the year will reflect the reduced rate. The rate change was recommended by the Pork Industry Vision Task Force, a group of 19 leaders from NPB, NPPC, and various state associations, to ensure the pork industry’s long-term success. Other actions from the task force included creating a joint producer-led working group of NPB and NPPC state leaders to conduct animal industry planning, prioritize issues, identify risks, and develop action plans. *********************************************************************************** NCBA Pleased with Cattle Contract Library Final Rule The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association welcomed the release of the final rule from the USDA to establish the Cattle Contract Library Pilot Program. This program was authorized following NCBA’s congressional engagement on the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2022. “We are pleased that USDA listened to the feedback from industry stakeholders like NCBA while crafting the final rule for the Cattle Contract Library Pilot Program,” says NCBA senior director of government affairs Tanner Beymer. “We are hopeful that this pilot program will strike an appropriate balance between offering cattle producers additional insight into the market while also protecting their proprietary business information.” Beymer also says a Cattle Contract Library is just one of the many tools that NCBA has advocated for to help producers make informed business decisions and capture the most value possible for their cattle at sale time. NCBA provided USDA with feedback throughout the testing phase of the program.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday December 7, 2022 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets At 7:30 a.m. CST Wednesday, the U.S. Labor Department will have a report on third-quarter U.S. productivity, followed by the Energy Department's weekly inventory report, including ethanol production. Traders will continue to monitor the latest weather forecasts, especially for Argentina where drought concerns lifted Tuesday's soybean prices. Traders will also watch for possible export sales announcements at 8 a.m. CST, after USDA reported 18.5 million bushels of U.S. soybeans sold Tuesday. Weather Remnants of a front across the Tennessee Valley will continue to produce scattered showers Wednesday. A disturbance across the north will provide scattered snow showers. Scattered showers will continue to develop across the Southern Plains and Mississippi Delta today and tonight. Temperatures will be below normal across the Northern Plains and northern Upper Midwest with near-normal temperatures across the Central Plains and southern Upper Midwest. Temperatures will remain well above normal across the South.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday December 6, 2022 |

Farm Capital Expenditures Increasing with Farm Income Rise In response to relatively stronger net farm incomes, U.S. farm sector capital expenditures have increased dramatically in the last three years, according to research by the University of Illinois. In 2019, farm sector capital expenditures were approximately $30.1 billion. The forecasted value for 2022 is $44.2 billion. Capital expenditures include tractors, trucks, autos, machinery, buildings, land improvements, and miscellaneous expenditures. Capital consumption represents the declining balance of capital stock or economic depreciation. The ratio of capital expenditures to capital consumption increased from 1.06 in 2019 to 1.70 in 2022. The data implies that farmers have used a portion of their strong net farm incomes in the last few years to replenish their capital stock. The changes in expenditures during the last four years have differed among expenditure categories. Specifically, increases were larger for tractors and machinery than for autos, trucks, buildings, and land improvements. *********************************************************************************** Food Price Index in November Virtually Unchanged The FAO Food Price Index averaged 135.7 points in November 2022, virtually unchanged from October. The index offered month-on-month decreases in the price indices for cereals, dairy and meat, nearly offsetting increases in vegetable oils and sugar. At this level, the index stood only marginally above—0.3 percent—its corresponding value in November 2021. The Cereal Price Index averaged 150.4 points in November, down 1.9 points from October, but still 6.3 percent above its value a year ago. The Oil Price Index averaged 154.7 points, up 3.4 points after declining for seven consecutive months. The Dairy Price Index averaged 137.5 points, down 1.7 points, but remained 9.2 percent above its value a year ago. The Meat Price Index averaged 117.1 points, down 1.1 points from October, but 4.1 percent above its value a year ago. Finally, the Sugar Price Index averaged 114.3 points in November, up 5.7 points from October. *********************************************************************************** Cover Crop Mixes account for 18 – 25% of Cover Crop Acreage USDA’s Economic Research Service finds cover crop mixes account for 18 to 25 percent of acres with cover crops. However, the use of single-species cover crops is more common. For corn fields in 2021, almost 75 percent of acres with cover crops used a grass or small grain cover crop, such as cereal rye, winter wheat, or oats. At 44 percent of acreage, cereal rye was almost twice as common as winter wheat as the cover crop on corn for grain fields. Rye and winter wheat were also the most common cover crops on soybean fields in 2018. Winter wheat was the most common cover crop used on cotton fields in 2019. Farmers add cover crops to a rotation to provide living, seasonal soil cover between the planting of two cash or forage crops. Including cover crops in a rotation can provide benefits such as improved soil health and water quality, weed suppression, and reduced soil erosion. *********************************************************************************** USDA Launches New Virtual Nutrition Center of Excellence The Department of Agriculture Monday announced the new Agricultural Science Center of Excellence for Nutrition and Diet for Better Health. The virtual center is part of President Biden’s Cancer Moonshot effort to end cancer as we know it. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack says, “The virtual center will connect existing resources, including people and programs, to leverage expertise and increase coordination and cooperation.” USDA is enhancing its research focus on precision nutrition science to better understand the needs of underserved communities. The research complements efforts to advance food and nutrition security – which means consistent and equitable access to healthy, safe and affordable foods essential to optimal health and well-being, according to USDA. The World Cancer Research Fund claims 30-50 percent of all cancer cases are preventable by following a healthy diet and lifestyle. As part of the announcement, USDA convened a panel of experts that discussed nutrition's role in improving overall health and reducing risks for diet-related chronic diseases. *********************************************************************************** EPA Proposes Elimination PFAS Reporting Exemption The Environmental Protection Agency Monday proposed a rule to end an exemption used to avoid disclosure of certain PFAS releases. The exemption allows facilities to avoid reporting information on PFAS when those chemicals are used in small or minor concentrations. Because PFAS are used at low concentrations in many products, the rule would ensure that covered industry sectors and federal facilities that make or use PFAS will no longer be able to rely on the exemption to avoid disclosing their PFAS releases and other waste management quantities for these chemicals. PFAS chemicals have been used to make various commercial products, including non-stick cookware, stain-resistant carpets and furniture, water-resistant clothing, coated oil-resistant paper and cardboard food packaging, and some personal care products. Agriculture and PFAS chemicals can intersect through air, water, and soil, according to the Maine Department of Agriculture. One way that PFAS may enter soil is through the application of residuals such as biosolids, industrial sludges and ashes. *********************************************************************************** Gas, and Diesel Prices Fall Again The national average gas price fell 15.8 cents over the last week, down to $3.36 per gallon. The national average is down 43 cents from a month ago and 1.5 cents per gallon higher than a year ago. The national average diesel price fell 13.6 cents last week to $5.06 per gallon. GasBuddy's Patrick De Haan says, “it remains very possible the national average could fall under $3 per gallon by Christmas.” De Haan expects diesel prices to fall under $5 per gallon this week, and soon reach its lowest level since March of this year. While the declines are welcomed, De Haan cautions that there may be some concerns coming as the price cap on Russian oil kicks in. Further, retaliation is possible, and while OPEC+ upheld production cuts from last month, they could always cut more production. Meanwhile, U.S. retail gasoline demand rose last week by 2.3 percent, bouncing back the week after Thanksgiving.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday December 6, 2022 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets The U.S. Census Bureau's report on international trade data for October is set for 7:30 a.m. CST and will provide USDA with more specific trade data later Tuesday morning. Traders will keep an eye on the latest weather forecasts, watch for a possible export sales announcement at 8 a.m. and any other news that emerges. Weather Remnants of a front across the Tennessee Valley will produce scattered showers throughout the day. A disturbance across the north will provide scattered snow showers. Scattered showers develop across the Southern Plains late tonight. Temperatures will be below normal across the Northern Plains with near-normal temperatures across the Central Plains and Upper Midwest. Temperatures will remain well above normal across the South.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday December 5, 2022 |

Senate Passes Bill to Avert Catastrophic Rail Strike The Senate passed a bill to avoid a potentially catastrophic U.S. railroad strike and sent the bill to President Biden’s desk for his signature. Crossroads Today says the vote came after mounting pressure on lawmakers to move swiftly. Without action, a strike could have taken place on December 9, which the president said would be catastrophic to the nation’s economy. Railroads transport 6,300 carloads of food and farm products every day. The bill passed the Senate by a vote of 80 to 15. A separate vote on adding seven days of paid sick leave to the agreement didn’t pass. Biden was reluctant to override the vote against the contract by four unions but stressed the rail shutdown would devastate the economy. “I know that many in Congress were reluctant to bypass union ratification procedures, but the consequences would have been too great for working families across the country,” Biden said. *********************************************************************************** Positive Reaction to Senate Action Preventing Rail Shutdown Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack is grateful for Congress taking swift action to prevent a crippling national rail shutdown. “A rail strike would have had significant and long-lasting effects on the American economy,” Vilsack says. “U.S. farmers and ranchers can breathe a sigh of relief that the trains will stay on track to deliver food, inputs, raw materials, and other essential items.” The Fertilizer Institute also applauded Congress for taking action to prevent a stoppage. “The rail strike would have severely disrupted fertilizer deliveries and hurt domestic production,” says TFI president and CEO Corey Rosenbusch. “Rail is critical to fertilizer movement year-round.” The American Feed Industry Association also appreciates the Congressional action to avoid a strike. “Slowing or stopping the transport of goods via rail threatens the livelihoods of those hardworking Americans well beyond our nation’s tracks,” says AFIA president and CEO Constance Cullman. America’s railways move one-quarter of all U.S. grain products. *********************************************************************************** December Farm Income Forecast Shows Higher Profits Net farm income for U.S. farmers is forecast at $160.5 billion in 2022, a $19.5 billion increase over 2021. The December Farm Sector Income and Finances report shows net cash farm income forecast at $187.9 billion in 2022, $29 billion higher than in 2021. Cash receipts from agricultural commodity sales will increase by $105 billion from 2021 to $541.5 billion this year. However, farm sector debt will increase by $27.8 billion in 2022 to almost $502 billion. Farm sector debt-to-asset levels will improve from 13.5 percent last year to 13 percent in 2022. Working capital, the amount of available cash to fund operating expenses after paying off debt due within 12 months, will rise 4.7 percent in nominal dollars but drop 1.4 percent when adjusted for inflation. Dairy farms will likely see the biggest jump in average net cash farm income, while specialty crops, cotton, and hogs the biggest decline. *********************************************************************************** Senator Wants AM Radio in Electric Vehicles Massachusetts Democratic Senator Edward Markey sent letters to 20 car manufacturers requesting they maintain AM radio in their vehicles, including the new EV models. In the letter, Markey says consumers still value AM radio and stressed that free broadcast radio is a critical and reliable channel for local, state, and federal government officials to communicate with the public. He also wants automakers to adopt technological solutions to address any electromagnetic interference that EVs cause with AM radio signals. “Despite innovations such as smartphones and social media, AM/FM broadcast radio remains the most dependable, cost-free, and accessible communication mechanism for public officials to communicate with the public in emergencies,” Markey says. “As a result, any phase-out of broadcast AM radio could pose a significant communication problem in an emergency.” Although investments in electric vehicles are critical in addressing the climate, automakers don’t need to sacrifice the benefit of radio in the process. *********************************************************************************** NCGA: Mexico Banning White Corn a “Non-Starter” in Negotiations The National Corn Growers Association appreciates Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack’s efforts by traveling to Mexico City to discuss Mexico’s pending ban on biotech corn imports that goes into effect in 2024. Vilsack spoke with Mexican President Lopez Obrador about the importance of finding an acceptable resolution on the matter. President Obrador indicated last week that there might be room for compromise, suggesting the country would continue allowing imports of yellow corn used for livestock feed but would block white corn, imported mainly for human consumption. However, yellow corn is also food grade and nutritious in hundreds of products consumers enjoy. “Any decision to block biotech crops by Mexico would be illegal under the USMCA agreement,” says NCGA President Tom Haag. “Eliminating white corn will in no way resolve this matter.” Haag also says his group highly appreciates Secretary Vilsack for “going to the mat” on this issue for American farmers. *********************************************************************************** Soy Growers Disappointed in EPA RFS Proposal The Environmental Protection Agency released its draft “set” rule, which sets the annual biofuel blending targets for 2023-2025 under the Renewable Fuel Standard. Soy farmers were initially pleased with EPA’s 2022 volume target, which included the highest-ever number for total renewable fuels and specifically biomass-based diesel since the RFS was created. The new proposal goes in the other direction. “This rule slams the breaks on progress being made in biofuel investments and growth,” says American Soybean Association president Brad Doyle. “Instead of continuing to support available low-emission, plant-based fuel sources, EPA has changed course and seems to ignore major investments in and consumer demand for biomass-based diesel and other biofuels that exist right now.” The multi-year set rule is supposed to provide consistency and encourage investment in the biofuels industry. ASA says these insignificant volume increases for 2023-2025 could not only stifle growth but also jeopardize the existing biofuels industry.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday December 5, 2022 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, traders will be reading about the outcome of OPEC's Sunday meeting and checking out the latest weather forecasts, especially in South America where Argentina needs rain. A report of U.S. factory orders in October is due out at 9 a.m. CST, followed by USDA's weekly report of export inspections at 10 a.m. There will be no more Crop Progress reports until next spring. Weather An old front across the Tennessee Valley will produce scattered showers throughout the day. Another front moving down through the northern states will produce some showers as well. Temperatures will be mild for most of the country despite the fronts, except down across the South where temperatures will rise well above normal.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday December 2, 2022 |

EPA Releases 2023-2025 RFS Volumes The Environmental Protection Agency released the long-awaited 2023-2025 Renewable Fuel Standard blending volumes. The Renewable Fuels Association says the proposal creates a path for sustainable growth in the production and use of low-carbon renewable fuels. EPA proposes setting the 2023 RFS requirement at 20.82 billion gallons, of which 5.8 billion gallons will come from advanced biofuels and 15 billion from conventional renewable fuels. EPA also proposes an extra 250 million gallons in addition to the standards to address a 2017 D.C. Court decision. For 2024, the proposal is for 21.87 billion gallons, 6.62 billion gallons of advanced biofuels, and 15.25 billion of conventional. In 2025, EPA proposes requiring 22.68 billion gallons of total renewable fuels, including 7.43 billion gallons of advanced biofuels and 15.25 billion conventional. “The proposal solidifies a role for the RFS to reduce carbon emissions and enhance our energy security,” says RFA president and CEO Geoff Cooper. *********************************************************************************** Clean Fuels Alliance says EPA Proposal Underestimates Biomass-Based Diesel Clean Fuels Alliance America criticized the Environmental Protection Agency’s proposed Renewable Fuel Standard volumes for 2023 through 2025 for undercutting investments in biodiesel and renewable diesel capacity. The minor increase for biomass-based diesel volumes in 2023, 2024, and 2025 are below the industry’s existing production and ignores the clean fuels industry’s significant investments in new capacity. The group says those volumes provide no additional space for sustainable aviation fuel and short-circuit the nation’s carbon emission goals. “The volumes EPA proposed ignore the over three billion gallons currently in the market and fail to account for the planned growth of the sector,” says Kurt Kovarik, CFA vice president of federal affairs. “The soybean and canola industries invested over $4 billion to bring additional feedstock capacity online in the future.” An additional 2.4 billion gallons of renewable diesel capacity is coming online by 2024, and Kovarik says EPA’s numbers undercut the investments. *********************************************************************************** USDA Lowers Farm Export Forecast American farm exports will drop to $190 billion during the current fiscal year. USDA says that’s four percent lower than the record set in the recently-ended 2022 fiscal year. The lower forecast is caused by slowing economies around the world. Soybeans, corn, and cotton will see the largest declines, dropping a combined seven percent. “The global economic outlook in 2023 is uncertain due to factors like inflation and trade disruptions caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine,” the agency says in its Quarterly Outlook for U.S. Agricultural Trade. Global economic growth was forecast at 2.7 percent, down from 3.2 percent this year. Central banks around the world are tightening their money supplies to combat inflation, with China a notable exception. Exports hit a record $196.4 billion during the fiscal year that ended in September. One-fifth of American agricultural production gets exported, so foreign markets are a major factor in farm revenue. *********************************************************************************** Corn Harvest Quality Report Shows Higher Test Weight, Protein Content The U.S. Grains Council’s 2022-2023 Corn Harvest Quality Report has good things to say about this year’s corn crop. The report says the corn crop entering the marketing channel has a higher average test weight, higher protein concentration, and lower total damage relative to each quality factor’s average over the previous five crops. Cooler spring temps and hot, dry weather contributed to reduced yields for this year’s crop but accelerated maturation. Clear weather at harvest helped to maintain crop quality. “This report is intended to help buyers make well-informed decisions by providing reliable and timely information about the quality of the current U.S. crop,” says Kurt Shultz, USGC director of global strategies. “This year’s supply will help the U.S. remain the world’s leading corn exporter and will account for an estimated 30 percent of global corn exports during the upcoming marketing year.” The 2022 U.S. corn crop came in at 13.93 billion bushels. *********************************************************************************** NCBA Applauds Protect Farmers from the SEC ACT in Senate The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association supports the Senate version of the Protect Farmers from the SEC Act, a companion bill to legislation introduced into the House of Representatives by Oklahoma Republican Frank Lucas. “The Securities and Exchange Commissions’ overly broad rulemaking has the potential to increase burdens on cattle producers by requiring data that’s impossible to provide,” says NCBA Chief Counsel Mary-Thomas Hart. “The NCBA is proud to support the act because it ensures that federal regulators don’t overstep their jurisdiction and protects cattle producers from government red tape.” The act excludes agriculture from the reporting Scope 3, or supply chain, greenhouse gas emissions under the SEC’s proposed climate disclosure rule. While the rule is aimed at large publicly-traded companies, ag operations could be subjected to additional reporting as part of the supply chain for public restaurants and retailers. “We thank Senators Boozman and Braun for focusing on the issue,” Hart says. *********************************************************************************** USDA Expands Revenue Protection for Oat and Rye Producers The country’s oat and rye producers can now benefit from revenue protection, a new crop insurance option available through the USDA. After listening to growers, the Risk Management Agency expanded the Small Grains Crop Provisions to offer revenue protection for 2023 oat and rye crops. “This enhanced coverage for oats and rye is a direct result of RMA listening to and prioritizing the feedback we get from farmers,” says RMA Administrator Marcia Bunger. “We are always working to offer risk management options and opportunities that are in the producers’ best interests.” Before the program change, RMA established prices for oats and rye up to 11 months before harvest. In 2021 and 2022, the oat prices increased about byy 30 percent, leaving producers with insurance coverage below the value of their crops. Now, the insurance coverage price will rise to follow any higher oat prices and provide coverage reflecting the crops’ true value.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday December 2, 2022 |

Friday Watch List Markets Friday will feature early government releases of both the non-farm payrolls report and the unemployment rate. We will also be watching for any additional news on the railroad strike situation, along with any new export sales announcement. Weather A storm system is moving out of the Rockies on Friday. The system is somewhat strong, though precipitation is rather light with it. Some decent snow will fall across the Northern Plains and Upper Midwest, but the cold front that rushes through the middle of the country Friday will generally be dry. Winds on the other hand will not be quiet with strong gusts in the Plains and into the Midwest both ahead of and behind the front. With some better moisture well ahead of the front, isolated showers will pop up in the Delta region and adjoining areas. Temperatures well-above normal ahead of the front will come crashing down again in our rollercoaster ride of active weather.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday December 1, 2022 |

House Acts to Prevent Rail Strike The House of Representatives Wednesday took action to avert a pending rail strike. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, on the house floor Wednesday, stated, "A shutdown would grind our economy to a halt, and every family would feel the strain,” while adding, “Small businesses wouldn't be able to get their products to market. Many of them, as I say, farmers.” National Farmers Union President Rob Larew says the action is “a positive step toward keeping that chain moving,” referring to the agricultural supply chain’s reliance on rail access. The resolution will now go to the Senate for consideration. It will need 60 votes to pass the Senate before arriving at President Biden’s desk for his signature. Pelosi pledged two actions by the House, with the first being the resolution to prevent a rail strike. The second action by the House is a separate measure that would give railway employees seven days of paid sick leave per year. *********************************************************************************** McDonald’s Files Lawsuit Alleging Pork Price Fixing McDonald’s this week filed a lawsuit against pork packing companies alleging price fixing. The lawsuit names Agri Stats, Clements Food Group, Hormel Foods, JBS USA, Seaboard Foods, Smithfield Foods, Triumph Foods and Tyson foods as defendants in the case. Legal documents show McDonald’s claims the defendants and their coconspirators collectively control over 80 percent of the wholesale pork market. The lawsuit alleges the defendants entered into a conspiracy from around 2008 or early 2009 through the present to fix, raise, maintain, and stabilize the price of pork. McDonald's claims defendants implemented their conspiracy by agreeing with their competitors to restrict output and limit production. The lawsuit says that the data compiled by Agri Stats is a classic enforcement and implementation mechanism of a price-fixing scheme. Because of the alleged price fixing, McDonald's claims it paid inflated prices for pork during the time frame outlined in the lawsuit, adding, Thus, plaintiff suffered injury and damages due to defendants’ anticompetitive conduct." *********************************************************************************** Specialty Crops Growth Shows Need for Expanded Risk Management Tools Specialty crops, including fruits, vegetables and nuts, make up almost one-third of total crop sales in the United States, but many specialty crop acres remain uninsured. American Farm Bureau Federation economists recently examined specialty crop coverage. The Market Intel report found that more than 80 percent of the acreage of hazelnuts, kiwifruit, strawberries and lettuce remain uncovered through the Federal Crop Insurance Program or Noninsured Crop Disaster Program. Meanwhile, more than 50 percent of walnut, pecan, peach, squash, sweet corn, watermelon, pumpkin, cucumber and pepper acreage lacks coverage. Since 2000, risk management participation has increased in most specialty crop categories. AFBF has made expanding insured commodities to include specialty crops one of its priorities for the 2023 farm bill. Farm Bureau President Zippy Duvall says, “The 2023 farm bill should recognize those differences and offer programs that provide the same protections regardless of what a farmer chooses to grow.” *********************************************************************************** NCGA Applauds New Legislation Resolving E15 Uncertainty A group of Midwest lawmakers this week introduced the Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act. The legislation would ensure permanent, full-market access to E15, often marketed as Unleaded 88. The National Corn Growers Association applauded the legislation. NCGA President Tom Haag says the legislation "will ensure drivers across the country continue to have year-round access to safe, low-cost, low-emission E15." Senator Deb Fischer, a Nebraska Republican, and Amy Klobuchar, a Minnesota Democrat, introduced the bill with 13 bipartisan cosponsors. Despite EPA approving E15 for use in all 2001 and newer vehicles and a 2019 update to regulations, a 2021 court decision would have ended year-round market access to E15 last summer without the Biden administration using emergency authority to keep E15 in the market. Ensuring continued E15 sales year-round keeps a lower-emission fuel choice in the marketplace that costs less, according to NCGA. E15 cuts evaporative, carbon and tailpipe emissions compared to standard 10 percent ethanol blended fuels. *********************************************************************************** CFTC Ag Committee Announces December Meeting Agenda The Commodity Futures Trading Commission's Agricultural Advisory Committee Wednesday released the agenda for its public meeting. The meeting is scheduled for December 7 at the CFTC headquarters in Washington, D.C. At the meeting, the committee will focus on topics related to the agricultural economy, including geopolitical and sustainability issues and recent developments in the agricultural derivatives markets. The committee will also address procedural matters, including topics of discussion on a forward-looking basis. Chairman Rostin Behnam says, “The Commission remains committed to maintaining the integrity of our agricultural derivatives markets.” Agenda items include the state of the agricultural economy, price limits in agricultural markets, and shipping, freight and storage impacts on grain. The CFTC Agricultural Advisory Committee advises the CFTC on issues involving the trading of agricultural commodity futures and options. Members of the committee represent agribusinesses, farmer organizations, including the American Farm Bureau Federation and agricultural banking groups. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Live Holiday Plant Imports Reach $80 Million In 2022 Christmas trees and poinsettias are iconic symbols of the holiday season. While the vast majority are grown in the United States for domestic use, a small share of both plants are imported from Canada, according to USDA’s Economic Research Service. Trade is highly seasonal, with 99 percent of Christmas trees and 95 percent of poinsettias shipping between November and December. From 2000–15, live Christmas tree imports averaged around two million trees per year at an inflation-adjusted annual value of $36.1 million. However, by 2022, live tree imports reached nearly 2.8 million trees at a value of $68 million. Import values of live trees had previously spiked in 2020 because of COVID-19 supply chain issues, and prices have remained relatively high since. In the early 2000s, the United States imported as many as 5.9 million live Poinsettias per year before that number dipped to 1.2 million in 2011. In 2022, live poinsettia imports totaled 2.2 million plants worth $11.5 million.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday December 1, 2022 |

Thursday Watch List Markets There are a host of government reports scheduled for release Thursday, including Initial Jobless Claims, Core Price Index, manufacturing index and real consumer spending. We will also be watching for the Senate vote on the railroad agreement, new export sales, and any news from China about COVID developments. Weather A system out in the West will continue to push through the region on Thursday with widespread precipitation. Winds and temperatures out in the Plains will increase as a result of the approaching storm but little precipitation is expected east of the Rockies until tonight with snow developing for the Northern Plains.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday November 30, 2022 |

Vilsack Talks Biotech Corn in Mexico Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack met with Mexican President Andrés Manuel (man-WELL) López Obrador earlier this week. The leaders discussed a looming decree by the Mexican president that would ban imports of biotech corn into the country. In a statement following the meeting, Vilsack commented, "We must find a way forward soon and I emphasized in no uncertain terms that – absent an acceptable resolution of the issue – the U.S. Government would be forced to consider all options.” The options available include taking formal steps to enforce legal rights under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement. National Corn Growers Association CEO Jon Doggett replied, “Today’s meeting shows that the Biden administration is listening to NCGA and American corn grower leaders and that Secretary Vilsack is willing to go to the mat for America’s farmers.” The Mexican President has promised to enact a decree that would end imports of corn grown using biotech and certain herbicides by 2024. *********************************************************************************** Industry Welcomes Biden Call to Congress on Potential Rail Strike Agriculture groups welcome President Biden's call on Congress to avert a potential rail worker strike. Corey Rosenbusch of The Fertilizer Institute praised the action by Biden, adding, “Congress must act now to ensure that fertilizers and other critical materials and goods that U.S. consumers rely on every day get to where they are needed.” The Fertilizer Institute has been heavily engaged in efforts to avert a nationwide rail network shutdown and will continue to do so until the matter is resolved. The call from Biden followed a meeting with cabinet members on the issue. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack adds, “in this case – where the economic impact of a shutdown would hurt American agriculture and millions of other working people and families –Congress must use its powers to adopt this deal.” Vilsack joined President Biden in calling on Congress to quickly pass legislation adopting the Tentative Agreement between railroad workers and operators. *********************************************************************************** Removal of Trade Barriers Could Increase China’s Ag Imports China imported more than $205 billion of agricultural products in 2021, including more than $37 billion from the United States. However, USDA Economic Research Service points out that trade barriers deterred China's imports from reaching even higher levels. China's import barriers create what are called "price wedges," in which domestic prices for agricultural commodities, including beef, corn, pork, and wheat, are higher than the world price. ERS recently found that removing price wedges would lead to increased agricultural imports for the four commodities over the next five to ten years. For corn and wheat, removing price wedges was estimated to increase China’s imports by 91 and 249 percent, respectively. Both of these commodities are subject to a tariff-rate quota which could constrain additional imports. Overall, the benefits of removing these trade barriers would be widespread, increasing sales for producers in the United States and other exporting countries and yielding lower food prices for China’s consumers. *********************************************************************************** Ag Organizations Call for McKalip and Taylor Nominations Votes Agriculture groups through Farmers for Free Trade call on the Senate to confirm two key agricultural trade officials in the Biden administration. The coalition sent a letter to Senate leaders Tuesday calling for the confirmation of Doug McKalip as Chief Agricultural Negotiator for the U.S. Trade Representative's Office, and Alexis Taylor as USDA Undersecretary of Agriculture for Trade. The coalition urged the Senate to confirm the duo during the current lame-duck session. "Time is of the essence to confirm these nominees." the letter points out, adding, "American agriculture needs experienced leaders representing us in international negotiations." The letter also highlights the important role that exports and U.S. agriculture play on the entire economy, as 20 percent of American farm revenue comes from exports, and America's farmers, ranchers, food processors, and manufacturers rely on complex and highly integrated supply chains that stretch across international borders. The food and agriculture products we export support over 1,000,000 U.S. jobs. *********************************************************************************** Food System Investment Needed to Equip Farmers for Climate Change A new report from the Farm Journal Foundation finds that increased U.S. investments in agricultural development and innovation are needed to make global food systems more resilient. While climate change impacts agriculture worldwide, its effects are "substantially more severe" in warm regions, including Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. The report says that as much as 80 percent of the world's poor people, who predominantly work in agriculture, live in areas increasingly affected by climate change. The new report follows the United Nations' COP27 conference earlier this month, where leaders discussed the impact of climate change on the global food system and solutions to make agriculture more resilient. The report says investing in agricultural sustainability in developing countries is in the U.S. national interest, as it would prevent future food crises, reduce the need for emergency food aid, support stability in developing countries, and potentially reduce mass migration and civil unrest. *********************************************************************************** Noble Research Institute Releases Ranch Safety Guide Agriculture is the seventh-most-hazardous industry in the United States, but ranch operators can take steps to make their working facilities and equipment safer for their staff and families. Recently Noble Research Institute and the U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef created and published a new guide to help improve ranch safety. The guide titled Ranch Employee Safety: Working Cattle and Related Facilities and Equipment, takes ranchers through four stages of improved safety. The guide proposes stages of safety on the ranch, including identifying hazards and preventing worker injuries and illnesses. The third stage is preparation of ranch employees, followed by the final stage, monitoring the hazards and risks and the safety policies and procedures implemented. Additionally, the guide provides 30 pages of resources and tools ready to use on any operation. Ranch Employee Safety: Working Cattle and Related Facilities and Equipment is available for download at no cost www.noble.org.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday November 30, 2022 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets Wednesday the ADP Employment report along with Real GDP numbers will be issued by the government. We will also be watching for any news of China regarding COVID, any new export sales and news on the potential railroad strike. Weather A cold front continues to sweep through the eastern portions of the country on Wednesday with bands of moderate rainfall. Some storms across the far southeast could be stronger today as well. Breezy winds are following behind the system and could make for some blowing snow in the areas that received it Tuesday. Also behind the front are a burst of some colder temperatures. They will not last long however, as warmth returns Thursday and Friday.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday November 29, 2022 |

Farm Share of U.S. Food Dollar Reached Historic Low in 2021 U.S. farm establishments received 14.5 cents per dollar spent on domestically produced food in 2021—a decrease of 1.0 cent from a revised 15.5 cents in 2020. The figure is the lowest recorded farm share value in nearly three decades, according to USDA’s Economic Research Service. The remaining portion of the food dollar—known as the marketing share—covers the costs of getting domestically produced food from farms to points of purchase, including costs related to packaging, transporting, processing, and selling to consumers. One contributor to the 2021 decline in farm share was a shift to food-away-from-home spending. Farm establishments typically receive a smaller share of food-away-from-home spending because of the large amount of value added by outlets such as restaurants. As a result, the farm share generally decreases when food-away-from-home spending increases faster year-over-year than food-at-home spending. Food-away-from-home spending increased markedly in 2021 after a sharp decrease early in the COVID-19 pandemic. *********************************************************************************** USDA Kicks off Spain Trade Mission Delegation The Department of Agriculture’s Foreign Agricultural Service Associate Administrator Clay Hamilton arrived Monday in Madrid to launch a USDA agribusiness trade mission to Spain. More than 70 participants, representing various sectors of U.S. food and agriculture, including businesses, trade associations, and state government, join this trade mission to explore export opportunities for U.S. agricultural products to Spain. Hamilton says, “Spanish consumers and food processors are increasingly interested in sustainably produced goods, which gives U.S. producers a marketing edge over other export suppliers.” Hamilton notes that USDA sees the demand for consumer-ready products steadily increasing, presenting an opportunity for U.S. exports. Trade mission participants will have an opportunity to connect with potential customers and learn the mechanics of exporting to Spain. In addition, importers from the neighboring Portugal have also been invited to participate, allowing the U.S. exporters to learn about opportunities in that country as well. *********************************************************************************** USDA Breaks Ground on New Soil Research Buildings in Auburn, Alabama The Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service broke ground Monday on a new research facility housing the National Soil Dynamics Laboratory. The facility at Auburn University's College of Agriculture will include two new buildings at Auburn University's Research Park. Dr. Simon Liu, ARS acting administrator, says, "With these new buildings and the continuing cooperation with our research partners at Auburn University, we believe that the National Soil Dynamics Laboratory will continue to have a substantial positive impact on agriculture all over the world." The National Soil Dynamics Laboratory and Auburn University scientists are considered national leaders in developing economical and environmentally sound crop management systems for production agriculture in the Southeast. The partners are leading the way in the new national focus on soil and water quality to maintain the productivity of our nation's farms, according to Dr. Allen Torbert, supervisory research soil scientist and research leader for the National Soil Dynamics Laboratory. *********************************************************************************** New Board Members Announced for FFA Foundation Sponsors’ Board The National FFA Foundation announced its new chair for the Sponsors’ Board during the 95th National FFA Convention & Expo in Indianapolis this fall. David Hollinrake, global head of strategy and portfolio management for Syngenta, was named chair for the upcoming year. Hollinrake grew up on a farm in Illinois and has been involved with agriculture his entire life. Mary Snapp, vice president of strategic initiatives for Microsoft, was named chair-elect. Hollinrake says, "I am honored to play a role in helping create the next generation of leaders. The National FFA Sponsors' Board comprises top corporate executives who wish to support agricultural education and the National FFA Organization. During their service, sponsors' board members are integral to advising National FFA on opportunities to improve programs and secure funding for the continued development of the next generation of leaders who will change the world. Seven other new board members were announced. The members will serve on the board for three years. *********************************************************************************** Case IH, Farm Journal to Host Christmas Comeback in Kentucky Case IH and Farm Journal will celebrate a "Christmas Comeback" for residents of Mayfield, Kentucky. The event comes as the one-year anniversary of a tornado that damaged the town and rural areas on December 10, 2021. Case IH and Farm Journal want the people of Mayfield to know that they haven't been forgotten. Residents and others impacted by the storm are invited to a "Christmas Comeback" celebration with friends, family and the ag community. The community will enjoy singing Christmas carols with American Idol finalist Alex Miller and other holiday activities. Traci Rodemeyer of Case IH says, "With great partners, generous volunteers and lots of teamwork, our goal is to bring light and smiles this holiday season." The "Christmas Comeback" is a holiday celebration, but also a celebration of the resilience and commitment of the people of Mayfield who continue to rebuild their community. The event is set for Friday, December 2, 2022, at H&R AgriPower in Mayfield from 5:00-7:30 p.m. *********************************************************************************** Gas and Diesel Prices Fall Over Thanksgiving For the third straight week, the nation’s average gas price declined, falling 12.4 cents from a week ago to $3.52 per gallon. The national average is down 22.7 cents from a month ago and 14.1 cents per gallon higher than a year ago. The national average price of diesel fell 7.9 cents in the last week and stands at $5.20 per gallon. GasBuddy’s Patrick De Haan says, “All the metrics look very positive for motorists as this week is likely to continue seeing falling gasoline prices, with many areas falling to the lowest level since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February.” The national average could fall under $3 per gallon by Christmas, according to De Haan. The bears have run rampant through oil markets, with prices continuing to come under heavy selling pressure as China sees protests for its zero-Covid policies, shutdowns of major cities, and U.S. demand facing seasonal pressure. U.S. retail gasoline demand fell last five percent as motorists pre-filled up and celebrated Thanksgiving.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday November 29, 2022 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets An index of U.S. consumer confidence for November is the only significant report on Tuesday's docket, due out at 9 a.m. CDT. Traders will continue to monitor the latest weather forecasts, check for a possible export sales announcement at 8 a.m. and watch for any other market-impacting news, including rumors about Sunday's OPEC meeting. December grain futures reach first notice day on Wednesday. Weather A cold front moving across the middle of the country early Tuesday is forming a low-pressure center along it, increasing the intensity of the system as it moves east throughout the day. Snow is forming behind the front and could be moderate to locally heavy from Nebraska up into Wisconsin. Severe storms will occur across the Delta and Southeast later today, with potential for long-duration tornadoes, widespread damaging winds, and large hail. A burst of colder air is flowing in behind the front as well.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday November 28, 2022 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, traders will look over the latest weather forecasts and news from Ukraine. Monday morning's weekly report of export inspections is expected to show another week of active soybean movement at 10 a.m. CDT, followed by the final Crop Progress report of the year at 3 p.m. Weather A briefly quiet weather day is expected Monday. A cold front is moving through the Northern Plains, but precipitation with the front is mostly located in the Canadian Prairies. The front will get more active tonight as snow develops in a band across southeast Wyoming, northeast Colorado, and Nebraska where moderate accumulations are expected. The rest of the country is rather dry and mild.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday November 25, 2022 |

Farmer Share of Thanksgiving Food Dollar Stays Low in 2022 National Farmers Union President Rob Larew says the farmers’ share of the Thanksgiving food dollar continues to stay low. “Corporate profits and consumer food costs continue to go up and up, but the farmers’ share of the food dollar is still low,” Larew says. “Thanksgiving is a time of family and community, but thanks to price gouging by corporate monopolies in the food system, the holiday meal is getting increasingly difficult to afford.” The NFU says the retail price of turkey averages $1.99 a pound, and the farmers’ share is six cents per pound. Two pounds of boneless ham retails for $12.98, with the farmers’ share at one dollar. Even though consumers are paying more for food this year, almost none of that increase is getting passed on to America’s family farmers and ranchers. Mega-consolidation in the food sector has made supply chains uncompetitive and resulted in farmers being underpaid. *********************************************************************************** Groups Express Support for Year-Round E15 A broad coalition of energy and agriculture organizations wrote a letter to Congress asking them to adopt legislation that would resolve inconsistent fuel volatility regulations. Specifically, the groups expressed support for legislation that would result in equal regulatory treatment for all gasoline blends containing ten percent ethanol or more, including gasoline with a 15 percent blend of ethanol. Such legislation would permanently remove the regulatory barrier that has historically made it extremely difficult for retailers to offer E15 in the summer. “Our groups have come together for the first time in history to support legislation that will permanently resolve the issue,” the letter says. “By ensuring uniformity across the nation’s fuel supply chain, that will provide more flexibility and result in more consistent outcomes than a state-by-state regulatory landscape.” Without the fix, the groups see gasoline marketplace uncertainty and political disputes over E15 that will continue to resurface every summer. *********************************************************************************** Farm Loan Interest Rates Rise Sharply Farm loan interest rates increased sharply during the third quarter. The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City says despite the high borrowing costs, farm real estate values continued higher. However, the rate of increase slowed in the quarter. Following consistently higher increases earlier in 2022, the value of farmland in most Districts grew at a slightly slower pace during the third quarter. Farm income and credit conditions also remained strong, but the improvement was more limited. With higher production expenses, broad inflation, and higher financing cost, growth in household spending by farm borrowers began to outpace capital spending more noticeably. Strong farm finances continued to support a generally positive outlook for agricultural credit conditions through the rest of this year. However, some pressures have continued to intensify. Despite more measured improvements in recent quarters, farm finances remained solid following especially-strong incomes across the sector during the past two years. *********************************************************************************** Japanese Government Approves Amended Beef Safeguard Mechanism The Upper House of Japan’s government, called the Diet, approved the Protocol Amending the U.S.-Japan Trade Agreement regarding the beef safeguard mechanism. The U.S. Trade Representative’s Office says that completes the Diet’s process of finalizing the agreement. The new three-trigger safeguard mechanism will allow U.S. exporters to meet Japan’s growing demand for high-quality beef and reduce the probability that Japan will impose higher tariffs in the future. “The protocol will ensure our farmers and ranchers continue to have access to one of the world’s most dynamic markets,” says USTR Katherine Tai. “We are excited that Japanese consumers can enjoy high-quality U.S. beef that’s a staple of our agricultural industry.” In 2021, the U.S. was the top beef exporting country in the world, with global sales of beef products valued at more than $10 billion. U.S. beef exports to Japan totaled almost $2.4 billion in 2021, making Japan the second-largest export market. *********************************************************************************** USDA Wants Nomination for the Advisory Committee on Ag Statistics The USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service is seeking nominations for the Advisory Committee on Agricultural Statistics. Members of this committee advise the Ag Secretary on the scope, timing, and content of periodic agricultural censuses, surveys of agriculture, and other related industries. The committee also makes recommendations on the content of agriculture reports and represents the views and data needs of suppliers and users of ag statistics. “The Advisory Committee has long played an important role within our agency,” says NASS Administrator Hubert Hamer. “The valuable insights and recommendations from the committee have helped shape NASS programs and ensure we continue to meet the needs of data and statistics.” The committee, appointed by the Ag Secretary, consists of 22 members representing multiple disciplines and interests, including ag producers, national farm organizations, ag economists, and many others. Nominations are due by December 7, and for more details, go to the NASS Advisory Committee website. *********************************************************************************** First Census of Agriculture to Collect Information on Hemp Farming For the first time, the USDA will collect data on farmers growing hemp and using precision technology in the 2022 Census of Agriculture. The agency began regulating hemp production in 2021, and this will be the first census to publish data on those producers, who grow the crop for fabric, food products, and CBD. The agency says it will also identify farmers who use “precision agriculture” data-collection technology that guides planting decisions. About 70 percent of the nation’s 2.2 million farms responded to the 2017 census. Response rates in recent years have trended downward. Farmers are required by law to fill out the survey, but NASS has no enforcement mechanism. Donald Buysse, (BYSE-see) chief of the census planning branch with NASS, says, “The incentive is the idea you’re providing data as a useful tool for your community.” USDA will collect responses until February 6 and publish the data in February 2024.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday November 25, 2022 |

Friday Watch List Markets Trading in U.S. grain and livestock futures resumes at 8:30 a.m. CDT Friday, the day after Thanksgiving. The session will close early at 12:05 p.m. for most contracts and at 12:15 p.m. for Minneapolis wheat. After USDA's weekly export sales report at 7:30 a.m. CDT, no other significant reports are on the docket, but traders will keep an eye on the latest weather forecasts and outside news, especially from Ukraine. Weather An upper-level system that has become cutoff over Texas will produce widespread and building showers and thunderstorms on Friday while showers move out of eastern areas. Some heavier snow will be possible in eastern New Mexico and west Texas as well. The rest of the country will be seasonally mild.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday November 23, 2022 |

USDA Invites Producers to Respond Online to the 2022 Census of Agriculture The USDA mailed survey codes to all known U.S. ag producers with the invitation to respond online to the 2022 Census of Agriculture at agcounts.usda.gov. The ag census is the nation’s only comprehensive and impartial agriculture data for every state, county, and territory. By completing the survey, producers across the nation can tell their stories and help generate impactful policies to better serve them and future ag producers. Farmers of all sizes, urban and rural, that produced and sold $1,000 or more of products, or normally would have in 2022, are included in the Census. The Census will get mailed in phases, with paper questionnaires following in December. Producers only have to respond once, either online or by mail. Responses are due on February 6, 2023. “The Census of Agriculture is a powerful voice for American agriculture,” says USDA Secretary Tom Vilsack. “The information is an important influence on future ag policy.” *********************************************************************************** Comment Period Extended on Packers and Stockyards Act Rulemaking The USDA says it’s extending the comment period on the proposed rule titled “Inclusive Competition and Market Integrity Under the Packers and Stockyards Act” by 45 days. The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association welcomed the extension while urging USDA to proceed in a deliberate manner. “While we appreciate the additional time to submit thorough comments, overall, USDA should slow down on this rulemaking effort,” says NCBA senior director of government affairs Tanner Beymer. “It’s a significant undertaking rooted in decades of history, and stockholders must get the chance to thoroughly evaluate the effects of this rule and those the Department says are coming soon.” NCBA and other industry partners requested an extension of the comment period last month in a letter to USDA. The proposed Packers and Stockyards Act rule spans 180 pages, poses 44 specific questions, and covers 14 years of regulatory history, so the initial 60-day period was too short. *********************************************************************************** Railroad Conductors Union Rejects Settlement Proposal The union representing railroad conductors rejected a White House-brokered deal and a strike could start as soon as December 9. The latest rejection comes from the union representing 28,000 conductors, brakemen, and yardmen. NPR says the total number of unions rejecting the agreement is four with a combined membership of close to 60,000 workers. Eight other unions ratified the deal but could get pulled back into the dispute. NPR says that’s because if one union decides to strike, all of the unions will honor the picket lines. The National Grain and Feed Association, the Soy Transportation Coalition, the National Milk Producers Federation, and many other agricultural groups are asking Congress to step in and prevent a shutdown, which would be catastrophic for the U.S. economy. The USDA says railroads carry 29 percent of the nation’s soybeans, 33 percent of the corn, and 60 percent of U.S. wheat to export terminals.  *********************************************************************************** Sustainable Agriculture Coalition Releases Farm Bill Priorities The National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition’s 2023 Farm Bill campaign will advance programs and priorities that build resilience and equity across the American agricultural sector. Other platform goals include restoring competition, investing in science, and renewing the environment for current and future generations of Americans. One of the group’s biggest goals is strengthening resilient local and regional food systems. “A lack of technical assistance continues to make it difficult for many farmers and producers to update their businesses to take advantage of market opportunities,” the group says. “Federal farm and food programs must support all producers who want to take advantage of the opportunities.” The coalition also wants to fix a “flawed farm safety net and restore fair competition to the ag sector.” The group says, “Right now, the farm safety net serves as an open-ended entitlement subsidy that encourages high land prices, soil-depleting farming practices and systems, farm consolidation, and declining opportunities.” *********************************************************************************** NSP Applauds Expanded RMA Coverage for Grain Sorghum National Sorghum Producers applauds the USDA’s Risk Management Agency’s enhancing coverage for irrigated grain sorghum producers. The new coverage will be effective November 30 for the upcoming year. “This expanded coverage for irrigated sorghum producers is the culmination of ten years’ work between NSP, Congress, and RMA,” says NSP CEO Tim Lust. “We thank them for continuing to work with us to improve coverage options for sorghum producers.” He also says the improved rates and yields for sorghum producers will offer a greater level of aid and new opportunities for the 2023 growing season. RMA developed improved crop insurance options for irrigated grain sorghum producers in select counties in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. “The existing rates for irrigated corn will be used for irrigated grain sorghum and 80 percent of the irrigated corn yield will be used to determine the guarantee,” says RMA, “with no change to the grain sorghum price.” *********************************************************************************** USDA’s Trade Mission to Spain Seeks to Boost Opportunities More than 30 agribusinesses and farm organizations will visit Madrid, Spain, from November 29 through December 2 during an upcoming USDA trade mission. Delegation members will engage directly with potential buyers from Spain and Portugal and receive in-depth market briefs from USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service and industry trade experts and participate in site visits. Spain is the third-largest EU destination for U.S. agricultural products and Portugal is number 11. “One of the key goals of this USDA trade mission is to highlight both our commonalities and what truly sets U.S. foods and ingredients apart from our competitors in the region,” says FAS Associate Administrator Clay Hamilton. “America’s farmers, ranchers, and producers have a compelling story to tell about the quality and sustainability of their agricultural production, and we are confident that story will resonate with buyers, result in many sales, and provide a boost to the agriculture industry back home.”

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday November 23, 2022 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets The day before Thanksgiving has many reports, including U.S. jobless claims, October durable goods orders and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor at 7:30 a.m. CDT, the University of Michigan's consumer sentiment index and U.S. new home sales at 9 a.m., the U.S. Energy Department's weekly inventory report at 9:30 a.m. and minutes from the Federal Reserve's latest open market committee meeting at 1 p.m. U.S. grain and livestock futures close at their regular times Wednesday and open at 8:30 a.m. CDT on Friday for a short trading session. Weather A storm system moving through the Rockies on Wednesday will start to develop showers and thunderstorms out ahead of it Wednesday night across the southeastern Plains. Other areas of the country will be dry with mild temperatures for this time of year, a good day for holiday travel.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday November 22, 2022 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets There are no significant reports on Tuesday's docket and trading volume may be light this week of Thanksgiving -- sometimes encouraging mischievous behavior. As usual, traders will monitor weather forecasts and watch for a possible export sale announcement at 8 a.m. CDT. Weather A quiet weather day is expected for most areas of the country Tuesday. A system will be moving into the Pacific Northwest with scattered showers, however. This system will dive into the Southern Plains by Thursday where showers will be more likely to develop for Thanksgiving. Temperatures are moderating for most areas, with more normal-like readings for this time of year.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday November 21, 2022 |

Electric Vehicles Won’t Have AM Radios People shopping for electric vehicles will see that most don’t have AM radio, and it’s a move not sitting well with rural farm broadcasters. Nathan Simington is a Commissioner of the Federal Communications Commission who spoke to broadcasters at the National Association of Farm Broadcasting’s annual convention. He brought a unique perspective to the topic after growing up on a farm in Canada. “AM radio is an indispensable source of information for more than three million farmers in the U.S.,” Simington says. “To those who say AM is a dead technology, 75 percent of farmers listen to the radio five days per week.” For those who don’t know, AM radio is also the “essential spine” of the Emergency Alert System. “More importantly, farm broadcasters, especially those on AM, are a trusted source of information,” Simington adds. “Forget about oil and gas. These days, trust is the most important commodity out there.” *********************************************************************************** Milk Producers Ask for Support of Domestic Formula Production The National Milk Producers Federation sent a letter to lawmakers asking for support of domestic infant formula production as the shortfalls that emptied store shelves of formula have eased. Given the improving situation, tariff waivers that could discourage the production of a safe, secure domestic infant formula supply should be allowed to expire at the end of this year as scheduled. The milk producers sent their letter to the chairmen and ranking members of the Senate Finance Committee and the House Ways and Means Committee. “Given the temporary shortfall that gripped American families in need of formula earlier this year has abated, we urge Congress to ensure that the unique, unilateral tariff benefits granted to our trading partners under the Formula Act and the Bulk Infant Formula to Retail Shelves Act end as scheduled at the close of the year,” the letter says. “We request opposition to efforts to extend the benefits.” *********************************************************************************** NCBA, PLC Oppose ESA Listing of Lesser Prairie Chicken The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association and the Public Lands Council announced their opposition to listing the Lesser Prairie Chicken under the Endangered Species Act after the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service released a final rule. “Over and over, the science has proven that healthy, diverse rangelands, the exact kind of landscape maintained by livestock grazing, are where the lesser prairie chicken thrives,” says PLC Executive Director Kaitlynn Glover. “Cattle ranchers’ efforts to conserve these acres are absolutely critical to the survival of the species.” She also says they’re deeply disappointed by the Fish and Wildlife decision to impose redundant and punitive restrictions on the very same people they have to thank for the lesser prairie chicken’s continued existence on the range. The Service is also establishing a rule allowing them to appoint third parties, including environmental activist groups, as the grazing authorities in the range of the lesser prairie chicken. *********************************************************************************** Beef Advocacy Program Wants New Applicants The Beef Checkoff-funded Trailblazers program is asking for applications for its next class of beef advocates. Trailblazers, developed by the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, takes advocacy to the next level by giving participants the tools and training they need to promote beef to new audiences while correcting misconceptions. “Trailblazers develops the next generation of beef advocates through a highly-engaging and interactive program,” says Chandler Mulvaney, director of grassroots advocacy and spokesperson development for NCBA. The program is looking for new spokespeople to participate in a year-long, hands-on program to train, equip, and empower beef advocates. Selected candidates learn to become expert communicators, excel in media interviews, and understand how to build confidence in beef-related practices when talking to consumers. Applications are due by December 30, and selected participants will get notified in mid-January. Applicants must be 21 and provide two references with their application. For information, go to NCBA.org. *********************************************************************************** Testimony on SEC’s Proposed Climate Rule Montana Senator Jon Tester pushed the leader of the Securities and Exchange Commission to avoid taking action on its proposed Climate Rule that could potentially hurt American farmers. He’s concerned that action would lead to burdensome reporting requirements for family farmers and ranchers who are part of the supply chain for a publicly-traded company as part of the agency’s proposed climate disclosure rule. “I appreciate our discussion and your response that the SEC doesn’t intend for public companies to have an obligation to ask producers for information to estimate these emissions,” he says. “However, the agency must not take any action that may lead, intentionally or not, to burdensome reporting requirements for production agriculture.” Montana producers applauded the senator’s continued action. “We support the senator’s efforts to help the SEC understand our concerns with what could potentially be a far overreaching rule,” says Cyndi Johnson, president of the Montana Farm Bureau. *********************************************************************************** Proposed WIC Change Would Decrease Access to Dairy Products The National Milk Producers Federation and the International Dairy Foods Association say the USDA’s proposed changes to the Women, Infants, and Children’s Nutrition Program will limit dairy access. “Unfortunately, the changes would decrease access to dairy products and the unique nutrient profile they provide, especially considering the current Dietary Guidelines say almost 90 percent of the U.S. population doesn’t consume enough dairy to meet recommendations,” the groups say in a statement. “Nutrition science clearly shows that nutritious dairy products like milk, yogurt, cheese, and cottage cheese are especially important in the diets of women, infants, and children.” They also say dairy is a source of 13 nutrients, including three of the four that are a public health concern as noted by the dietary guidelines. The groups look forward to working with USDA to modernize the WIC food package for eligible families to increase access to nutrient-dense milk, yogurt, and cheese.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday November 21, 2022 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, traders will check the latest weather forecasts and survey the news, especially any updates from the war in Ukraine. USDA's weekly export inspections is set for 10 a.m. CDT, followed by Crop Progress at 3 p.m. This will be an abbreviated week of trading with Thanksgiving on Thursday, followed by a shorter session Friday. Weather After a brutally cold week for most of the country, temperatures early this week are moderating and becoming more seasonable for most areas. Some light precipitation may be found near the Gulf Coast but most areas are going to stay dry early this week.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday November 18, 2022 |

Rural Mainstreet Economy Shrinks for Six Straight Months The Creighton University Rural Mainstreet Index fell below growth-neutral for the sixth-consecutive month. On a scale of one to 100, 50 represents growth neutral. The Economic Confidence Index plummeted to its lowest level since 2020. Almost 31 percent of bank CEOs in the survey area recommend that the Fed cease raising interest rates. Despite the weaker rural outlook, only 14 percent of the CEOs say their bank had increased financial commitments on farm loans. Farmland demand remains strong as the Farmland Price index climbed above 50 for the 26th month in a row. Almost 61 percent of bank CEOs expect these high farmland prices to plateau, while 22 percent say those land prices will likely decline during the period. “The rural Mainstreet economy is now experiencing a downturn in economic activity,” says Dr. Ernie Goss. “Last month, almost one in four bankers said the economy was already in a recession.” *********************************************************************************** Increased Ethanol Blend Rates Lower Fuel Costs for Drivers A new Energy Information Administration report clearly shows higher ethanol blends helped moderate fuel prices after the Ukraine invasion. The report also says the ethanol blend rates hit a record summer average of 10.5 percent. “Fuel ethanol’s price discount to gasoline was one factor that led to the higher summer blend rate in 2022,” the report says. “Although ethanol prices were higher in 2022, they were still low relative to gas prices that were at the highest level since 2014. “The new analysis shows that American drivers gravitated toward lower-cost E15 and E85 this summer as war in Ukraine drove fuel prices to record highs,” says Renewable Fuels Association President and CEO Geoff Cooper. “The report also shows that President Biden made the right call by issuing emergency waivers to allow the continued sales of E15 through the summer.” RFA also says the report shows the importance of year-round access to E15. *********************************************************************************** Black Sea Grain Export Deal Extended, Russia Wants More The Black Sea Grain Export Deal, due to expire on Saturday, has been extended for another 120 days. Reuters says Moscow wants its own demands in the deal to get more fully addressed. The agreement protects a sea transit corridor and was intended to help alleviate a global food shortage. Ukraine, a major producer of grains and oilseeds, has three ports in Ukraine currently shipping grain. UN’s Secretary General says they welcome the agreement by all parties to continue the Black Sea grain initiative to facilitate the safe navigation of grain exports, foodstuffs, and fertilizers from Ukraine. Russian exports of ammonia via a pipeline to the Black Sea haven’t been agreed to as part of the renewal. However, Russia is continuing its efforts to resume those exports unimpeded by Western sanctions. The 120-day extension wasn’t the one-year deal the United Nations and Ukraine wanted. Russia says the duration seems “justified.” *********************************************************************************** USDA Proposes Science-Driven Updates to WIC USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service announced proposed changes to the foods prescribed to participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, known as WIC (wick). These science-based revisions incorporate recommendations from the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. “USDA is committed to advancing maternal and child health through WIC, helping mothers, babies, and young kids thrive,” says Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack. “These proposed changes will strengthen WIC, which is already an incredible program, by ensuring it provides foods that reflect the latest nutrition science to support healthy eating and bright futures.” The changes will increase the current level of assistance while providing WIC state agencies with more flexibility to tailor or accommodate personal and cultural food preferences and special dietary needs and increase variety and choice for WIC participants, making the program more appealing for current and potential participants. *********************************************************************************** Sheep Industry Building a Sustainability Task Force The American Lamb Board is working with the American sheep industry to create a new task force of industry stakeholders and research and extension specialists to develop a sheep sustainability report. The report will represent the sheep industry’s commitment to sustainability and the industry’s existing practices and goals for continuous improvement in animal care, environmental stewardship, social impacts, and industry productivity. The task force was developed, in part, because of a Michigan State University environmental footprint study. MSU gathered production data and calculated GHG emissions of five different sheep production systems: intensive production, intensive grazing, extensive grazing, range, and feedlots. The study identified the major production factors contributing to GHG emissions in U.S. sheep production, which will help develop mitigation strategies and best practices for each production system to reduce emissions. ALB says its environmental story was added to marketing programs in the past several months, and they’re gearing up for more. *********************************************************************************** Ethanol Production Hits Lowest Level in a Month The Energy Information Administration says ethanol output dropped to its lowest level in more than a month, and inventories dropped during the week ending on November 11. The newest EIA report says the production fell to an average of 1.011 million barrels a day. That’s down from 1.051 million barrels during the prior week and the lowest level since October. In the Midwest, the largest-producing region in the U.S., production dropped to 954,000 barrels a day from 992,000 barrels the week before. That’s also the lowest level for the Midwest in over a month. Gulf Coast production declined to an average of 23,000 barrels a day, a 1,000-barrel-a-day drop from the prior week. Rocky Mountain output fell to 13,000 barrels a day, the lowest output since September 23. The East Coast saw the only production increase at 13,000 barrels a day. Inventories through November 11 fell to 21.298 million barrels.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday November 18, 2022 |

Friday Watch List Markets Friday features two economic reports -- existing home sales and leading economic indicators. We will also be watching for any new grain or soybean sales, South American weather, and any news out of Ukraine. Weather A reinforcing shot of cold air continues to flow into the U.S. on Friday. It is causing some light snow in places, but with little accumulation outside of the Great Lakes, where lake-effect snows are intense. Sub-freezing temperatures have made it to almost all areas of the country outside of some spots in the Southwest, southern Texas, and the Florida Peninsula with sub-zero readings in the Northern Plains.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday November 17, 2022 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report will be out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Thursday, the same time as weekly U.S. jobless claims, October housing starts and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. The U.S. Energy Department's weekly report of natural gas storage is set for 9:30 a.m. Traders continue to wait for Russia's decision on the Ukraine grain deal and keep watch over the latest forecasts. Weather Another push of cold air across the northern half of the country is bringing the potential for widespread light snows on Thursday. Breezy winds are coming as well, with gusts up to 45 mph in the Northern Plains that could lead to reduced visibility and blowing snow. Lake-effect snows on the eastern side of the Great Lakes continue to be heavier.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday November 17, 2022 |

Farm Bureau Survey Shows Thanksgiving Dinner Cost up 20 Percent Thanksgiving is an important holiday for spending time with family and friends. Farm Bureau’s 37th annual Thanksgiving Dinner survey provides a look at the cost of this year’s classic feast for 10. This year’s price tag is $64.05, up more than ten dollars from last year’s average of $53.31. It still works out to under $6.50 per person. The centerpiece is the turkey, which costs more than last year at $28.96 for a 16-pound bird. It’s 21 percent higher than last year. Other ingredients in the meal include stuffing mix, dinner rolls, milk, sweet potatoes, a veggie tray, pie crusts, and several others. The only traditional ingredient that’s cheaper than last year is a bag of fresh cranberries at $2.57, 14 percent cheaper than last year. American Farm Bureau Chief Economist Roger Cryan said factors driving the prices higher include general inflation, supply chain challenges, and the war in Ukraine. *********************************************************************************** USDA Announces Additional Emergency Relief for Producers Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack says his agency is planning for additional emergency relief and pandemic assistance. USDA will soon roll out phase two of the Emergency Relief Program as well as the new Pandemic Assistance Revenue Program. Those programs will help offset crop and revenue losses for producers. USDA is announcing the forthcoming assistance early enough to give producers time to gather documents and train the agency’s staff. “We have diligently worked to help agricultural producers bounce back from devastating natural disasters and COVID-19 through a number of programs,” Vilsack says. “These new programs are focused on filling gaps in assistance where some producers have fallen through the cracks.” ERP phase two will assist eligible producers who suffered crop losses due to wildfires, hurricanes, flood, derechos, and others. PARP will help eligible commodity producer who lost revenue in 2020 compared to previous years due to COVID-19. For more info, go to usda.gov. *********************************************************************************** Food Prices Likely to Drop Next Year Cargill’s CEO says he expects food prices to decline in 2023. Yahoo says that’s despite tight global crop stockpiles, especially in oilseeds. David MacLennan, Cargill CEO, says the solution to the food versus fuel debate is to boost global crop commodity production. “We don’t think it’s going to be an either-or dynamic,” he says. “It can be food and fuel.” MacLennan also says regenerative agricultural practices, greater yields, and more use of technology can increase output so it can meet the demand from both food and fuel sectors. World food prices hit a record in March after Russia invaded Ukraine and prevented exports from one of the world’s top grain producers. Prices did drop after the United Nations helped reach a grain deal that allowed ships filled with Ukrainian grain to pass unimpeded through the Black Sea. “Food shouldn’t be a weapon,” MacLellan adds. “The world depends on an interconnected food system.” *********************************************************************************** NMPF Wants Expedited Approval of Climate-Friendly Additives The National Milk Producers Federation wants the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to speed up the approval of climate-smart feed additives. The group wants the FDA to modernize its regulations allowing for faster approval of animal feed additives that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The milk producers submitted comments to the agency highlighting the need for urgent action to enhance dairy’s role as a climate solution. “Innovative and voluntary solutions are needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including methane,” says Dr. Jamie Jonker, NMPF Chief Science Officer. “Feed composition changes can directly or indirectly reduce enteric emissions resulting from livestock.” While animal feed additives help on the path to net-zero emissions, the pace of their approval lags behind competitors like the European Union due to current FDA processes. “One of the greatest opportunities that exists for dairy farmers is their ability to provide real solutions to many challenges like GHG emissions,” Jonker says. *********************************************************************************** Grab That Turkey for Thanksgiving As Americans prepare for Thanksgiving, it’s probably not surprising that the number of available turkeys is lower than last year. Only 49.6 million pounds of turkeys remained in cold storage as of Monday, which a USDA report says is down 18 percent week-to-week. At the end of August, when supplies are usually at their peak, they totaled more than 114 million pounds. An updated USDA report says while turkey production was expected to drop by seven percent, the amount of meat in storage rose one percent from the same point last year. The last month new chicks can mature enough for Thanksgiving is August, and placements rose two percent higher than the five-year-average as producers attempted to make up for lost output because of avian influenza earlier this year. Since the end of August, inventories have steadily declined. Stocks in September dropped to just over 105 million pounds, nine percent above 2021. *********************************************************************************** Helping Veterans Find New Careers John Deere announced an agreement with the U.S. Army Reserve to help service members and their families access career opportunities while transferring to civilian life. The agreement allows Deere to provide active-duty soldiers transitioning to the Army Reserves with meaningful education and skills that will make them top candidates for future employment. Deere says it’s honored to give back to the nation’s veterans by helping them take the skills they learned and develop them in a new career path. The agreement builds upon the Defense Department’s Skill Bridge Program, which places active-duty military members in civilian jobs for the final six months of service. Reserve members typically face unemployment rates two or three times the national average. The internship allows vets to get on the ground training and industry education that can help make them better candidates for open jobs. Active-duty, National Guard, or Reserve vets and spouses can go to deere.com.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday November 16, 2022 |

USDA Provides Almost $24 Million for Beginning Farmers and Ranchers USDA Chief Scientist Chavonda Jacobs-Young says the agency will invest nearly $24 million across 45 organizations and institutions that teach and train beginning farmers and ranchers. “Investing in the professional development of our nation’s newest farmers and ranchers will help our food and agriculture sectors to flourish from the ground up,” she says. The investments will support a wide range of activities across a number of important topics for new farmers and ranchers, including managing capital, acquiring and managing land, and learning effective business and farming practices. The investment is part of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture’s Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program. “We recognize that beginning farmers and ranchers have unique needs for education, training, and technical assistance,” says NIFA Acting Director Dr. Dionne Toombs. “This investment will benefit a new generation of beginning farmers and ranchers across the spectrum of American agriculture. For more information, go to usda.gov. *********************************************************************************** Farm Groups Ask USTR for “Fresh Start” With WTO USA Rice released a letter to U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai from ag groups asking her for a “fresh start” at the World Trade Organization. “We believe negotiations are at a crossroads, and the current environment is conducive to a fresh start,” the groups say in a letter. “The groups are asking for a forum at the WTO that would facilitate discussion of the traditional core issues as well as emerging trade-related issues like trade liberalization and innovation-friendly regulatory approaches.” They also say if the current WTO structure doesn’t allow for “blank-slate” negotiations, the groups want her to develop alternatives to address these issues. “Finally, a critical element of agricultural trade liberalization will be an effective enforcement mechanism,” they say. “Indefinitely extending the block on appellate body appointments or agreeing to reforms that weaken dispute settlement will be detrimental to America’s agricultural producers and possible discussions surrounding agricultural trade issues.” *********************************************************************************** Farm Workers to Lobby for Immigration Bill Over 60 farm worker groups from across America are traveling to Washington this week to urge the Senate to pass the Farm Workforce Modernization Act. The United Farmworkers, the UFW Foundation, and other groups will make the trip to Washington, D.C. to lobby for the bill, which is a compromise between farm and labor leaders and supported by most farm groups. The Fence Post Dot Com says the House passed the bill, but Senate supporters haven’t convinced enough Republicans to support the bill to get the 60 votes needed to avoid a filibuster. Lobbyists for the bill worry that passing it in the next Congress would be close to impossible if Republicans wind up controlling the House. Farm workers from major agricultural states like Arizona, California, Washington, Georgia, and others will be lobbying elected officials. “Providing America’s agricultural workforce with legal status and stability is crucial,” says UFW President Teresa Romero. *********************************************************************************** Group Wants Seven Billion Gallon Biofuel Law Clean Fuels America Alliance wants the Environmental Protection Agency to increase the advanced biofuels’ share of the fuel market by one billion gallons a year to reflect the rising interest in renewable diesel production. The recommendations would raise the federal mandate for second-generation biofuels by over 7.6 billion gallons in 2024, which amounts to a 36 percent increase from this year. “We’re seeing the production of renewable diesel coming online,” says Donnell Rehagen, Clean Fuels America CEO. “We believe the EPA has to increase the biomass-based diesel volume by 500 million gallons and the advance biofuels by one billion gallons for each of the next two years.” In an agreement with the biofuel industry, the EPA has a deadline on November 30 to announce the Renewable Fuel Standard for 2023 and possibly for additional years. Plants with up to three billion gallons of capacity will come online in the next three years. *********************************************************************************** Russia Expected to Extend the Black Sea Grain Deal Russia will likely extend the United Nations-brokered deal allowing exports of grain and other farm products from Ukraine. Four people tell Bloomberg that the deal expires on November 19 and that Russia will likely allow the deal to renew. Just ahead of the expiration, United Nations’ leadership and Russian officials met on the sidelines of the G20 summit. Reuters says the two sides had a lengthy discussion and talked through all the aspects related to facilitating Russian exports of food and fertilizers, as well as the Black Sea Initiative. The accord helped stave off a global food crisis by allowing food and fertilizer exports from several of Ukraine’s Black Sea ports. Russia wants unhindered access to world markets for its own food and fertilizer exports in return for agreeing to continue the Black Sea export deal. Moscow says it could quit the deal if progress isn’t made on its concerns. *********************************************************************************** Another Record Land Sale in Iowa Iowa set another record for farmland sales. Seventy-three acres of high-quality farmland in Sioux County, Iowa, sold for $30,000 per acre at auction on November 11. That’s a total sale worth $2.195 million. That’s just part of a new $30,000-per-acre club in Iowa. A local farmer was the buyer, and the runner-up was also a farmer. A statement from Iowa Appraisal says the company can’t explain these recent price records. The price itself got negotiated in just minutes. “There’s no really good explanation for sudden jumps in these record prices,” the company says. The farm had 72.49 tillable acres with a balance in roads and ditches. Its corn acreage base is 28.19 acres with a yield of 172 bushels an acre, and a soybean base of 38.19 acres with a yield of 56 bushels an acre. A recent auction saw 116 acres of southeast Nebraska farmland sell for $27,400 per acre.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday November 16, 2022 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets A report on U.S. retail sales for October is due out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Wednesday, followed by the Fed's report on October industrial production at 8:15 a.m. The U.S. Energy Department's weekly inventory report is set for 9:30 a.m. and includes ethanol production. Traders will continue to closely watch news events from Ukraine, as well as the latest weather forecasts. Weather A system is moving through the Northeast with a batch of heavy snow. A trough over the middle of the country continues to produce light snow across the Midwest. And another push of cold air coming down from Canada is leading to light snows for the Northern Plains. Some of those snows could be heavier closer to the Rockies tonight and come with some breezy winds as well. Meanwhile, below normal temperatures have largely enveloped the entire U.S.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday November 15, 2022 |

Ag Groups Call for Congress to Reaffirm Federal Pesticide Preemption More than 300 agriculture, environment, academic, and infrastructure stakeholder groups are calling on Congress to reaffirm federal pesticide preemption on labeling and packaging. Failing to do so, the groups warn, could hold disastrous consequences for our food security, the environment, public health, vital infrastructure, and other uses where pesticides provide important societal benefits. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act is clear that states “shall not impose or continue in effect any requirements for labeling or packaging in addition to or different from those required” by the federal government. However, in recent years, states have sought to impose health claim label requirements that directly contradict federal findings. In a letter to Congress, the groups call on Congress to reaffirm that states may not impose additional labeling or packaging requirements that conflict with federal findings. American Soybean Association President Brad Doyle says, “Farmers and other pesticide users need predictable access to these tools to protect their crops and maintain important conservation practices. *********************************************************************************** Senate Ag Leaders Call for Greater Cryptocurrency Regulation Leadership of the Senate Agriculture Committee last week called for more federal oversight of cryptocurrency exchanges. The comments come as cryptocurrency exchange FTX collapsed last week, and a collapse of cryptocurrency prices. The Senate Agriculture Committee has jurisdiction over the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Chair Debbie Stabenow, a Michigan Democrat, says, “Consumers continue to be harmed by the lack of transparency and accountability in this market. Ranking Republican from Arkansas, John Boozman, says, “The events that have transpired reinforce the clear need for greater federal oversight of the digital asset industry.” Boozman adds, “While our legislative work continues, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission already has the ability to regulate and prosecute fraud, manipulation and abuse. I strongly encourage them to actively exercise those authorities when necessary.” The Digital Commodities Consumer Protection Act of 2022, sponsored by Stabenow, would amend the Commodity Exchange Act to provide the Commodity Futures Trading Commission jurisdiction to oversee the spot digital commodity market *********************************************************************************** NCGA Launches Search for Next CEO The National Corn Growers Association Board of Directors has hired Hedlin Ag Enterprises of Ankeny, Iowa, to assist with the search for a new CEO. Current NCGA CEO Jon Doggett has worked for NCGA for more than 20 years as our Vice President of Public Policy, Executive Vice President and, since 2018, as CEO. Doggett made his intentions known to the board earlier this year, and his last day with the organization will be December 31, 2022." NCGA President Tom Haag says, “We have been very thoughtful and put a lot of time and effort into this process.” The initial part of the search involves identifying and vetting potential candidates for the position, which will occur through the end of this year and into the beginning of 2023. Candidate interviews for the CEO position will be held in February with the intention of introducing the new CEO during Commodity Classic in March. *********************************************************************************** Iowa Department of Ag Cancels Live Bird Exhibitions The Iowa Department of Agriculture and last week announced an order canceling all live bird exhibitions at fairs and other gatherings of birds. The order comes as Iowa and the rest of the nation face a continued threat of highly pathogenic avian influenza. The order also prohibits live birds from being sold or transferred at livestock auction markets, swap meets, and exotic sales. The order is in place for a minimum of 30 days, and until 30 days have passed without confirmation of a new infection of HPAI in domestic poultry in the state. A similar order was announced March 23 and was lifted June 3. HPAI is a highly contagious viral disease affecting bird populations. HPAI can travel in wild birds without those birds appearing sick, but is often fatal to domestic bird populations, including chickens and turkeys. The virus can spread through droppings or the nasal discharge of an infected bird, which can contaminate dust and soil. *********************************************************************************** Disability Status Can Affect Food Security Among U.S. Households In 2021, households that included an adult with disabilities reported higher food insecurity rates than households with no adults with disabilities. USDA’s Economic Research Service reports that in 2021, for U.S. households that included an adult out of the labor force because of a disability, 28 percent were food insecure. Among U.S. households with an adult age 18-64 who reported a disability but was not out of the labor force because of it, 24 percent were food insecure. In contrast, seven percent of households with adults without disabilities were food insecure in 2021. Households that include at least one adult 65 and over who reported a disability had food insecurity prevalence rates similar to households with adults without disabilities, at nine percent. In 2021, the prevalence rate of very low food security for households that included adults not in the labor force because of a disability was more than five times that of households that included adults without disabilities. *********************************************************************************** Weekly Gas Prices Lower, Diesel Rises Again After just a week, average gas prices have returned to their decline, with the national average falling 2.6 cents from a week ago to $3.76 per gallon. The national average is down 14.3 cents from a month ago but stands 36.3 cents per gallon higher than a year ago. The national average price of diesel increased 2.3 cents in the last week and stands at $5.34 per gallon. Diesel supplies remain short, prompting the inverse in price between gas and diesel. GasBuddy's Patrick De Haan says, “With oil prices remaining volatile, the outlook is murky, but I’m hopeful in the lead up to Thanksgiving we’ll see prices declining in more states.” The decline has been partly driven by Great Lakes states, where prices fell by 15-25 cents per gallon due to an improvement in the refining situation, and also oil prices. GasBuddy reports U.S. retail gasoline demand fell last week by 0.4 percent.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday November 15, 2022 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets The U.S. Labor Department's producer price index for October will be out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Tuesday and is apt to resemble the smaller increases already seen in last Thursday's consumer price index. The National Oilseeds Processors Association will report on members' soybean crush in October later Tuesday morning. Traders will keep watch over the latest weather forecasts and any news pertaining to Ukraine this week. Weather A system moving through on Tuesday is bringing widespread precipitation to the eastern half of the country. Across northern areas it is snow, mostly in the light to moderate category. For the Southeast, it's rain and could be moderate in spots. Cold air continues to pour in behind this system, making it feel like winter and causing wheat to go dormant.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday November 14, 2022 |

Interest and Drought Pressuring Still Strong Farm Economy Interest rates on farm loans increased sharply in the third quarter, and the acceleration in farm real estate values continued to ease. The Kansas City Fed says farm income and credit conditions remained solid, but the pace of improvement softened. The financial impact of the drought also intensified, particularly in the southern and western portions of the district. Despite the recent headwinds, farm finances remained strong and continued to support sound agricultural loan performance. The outlook for the agricultural economy generally remains positive despite a recent pull back in prices for some key farm commodities. Crop market volatility, higher expenses, and drought could hinder income opportunities for some producers, but prices for key crops and livestock remain at multi-year highs, and profit opportunities remain favorable across the farm sector. The recent substantial improvement in farm finances and a surge in agricultural real estate values have also bolstered farmer balance sheets. *********************************************************************************** Combine Sales Rise While Tractor Sales Drop in October Combine harvester sales showed double-digit gains during October in North America. The Association of Equipment Manufacturers says all tractor sales fell in the U.S. and Canada. The latest AEM report says total U.S. ag equipment unit sales stayed above the five-year average for the third time since April. Total farm tractor sales fell 11 percent in October when compared to last year. The biggest drop took place in the sub-40 horsepower category, which fell almost 24 percent. Self-propelled combine sales grew 77 percent to 1,678 units sold. All ag tractor segments above 40 horsepower grew as well, led by a 25 percent rise in 100-plus HP units. Total farm tractor sales are down 14 percent year-to-date, a slight improvement over the prior month. U.S. combine sales are up 16 percent year-to-date. The only segments in Canada that showed growth were four-wheel-drive tractors up 19 percent and combine harvesters up 33 percent. *********************************************************************************** CAB Awards $70,000 in Scholarship Funds Certified Angus Beef awarded an annual record of $70,000 in scholarships to 20 students pursuing careers at the ranch, in meat science, in a research lab, or supporting agricultural business and marketing. The Colvin Scholarship Fund recognizes students for the commitment and energy they bring to agriculture, their education, and their community involvement. Young leaders with bright ideas for making the best beef even better earned five production agriculture, ten undergraduate, and five graduate scholarships. Danielle Matter, CAB director of brand experience and education, says, “All of this year’s recipients shine a bright light on the future of the beef business, and we are excited to see how the awards positively influence these students.” The students recognized through the scholarships are carrying on the legacy of the brand’s co-founder and former executive director Louis “Mick” Colvin. Since 2022, the fund has supported a total of 121 recipients through $418,500 in scholarships. *********************************************************************************** NCBA Applauds Focus on Protecting Food and Ag Sector The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association hailed the signing of the National Security Memorandum to Strengthen the Security and Resilience of U.S. Food and Agriculture. The memorandum helps the federal government to identify the threats facing our food supply and improve national readiness and response. “Our agricultural sector faces a variety of threats that could inhibit cattle producers’ ability to bring beef from pasture to plate,” says NCBA CEO Colin Woodall. “We appreciate the focus on developing threat mitigation strategies.” He also says if everyone works together, “We can protect our industry while ensuring that all Americans have access to wholesome foods like beef.” The memorandum instructs top government officials on identifying threats and coordinating with all levels of government on a response. The NCBA is especially pleased that the Biden Administration is making security and resiliency decisions based on sound data. “These are the kinds of data-driven decisions we support,” says Woodall. *********************************************************************************** Report Show Increasing Acreage and Sustainability for U.S. Cotton Production The U.S. Cotton Trust Protocol released a report showing increasing improvement in the sustainability of American cotton production. The report shows significant improvements in important sustainability metrics. Cotton Trust Protocol members have recorded a 13 percent increase in land use efficiency and a 14 percent increase in water use efficiency. There’s also a 25 percent reduction in energy use, a 21 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, and a 78 percent reduction in soil loss. Seventy percent of growers in the protocol had a positive Soil Conservation Index. Membership in the Cotton Trust Protocol has grown both domestically and internationally. Enrolled acres of U.S. cotton production have doubled to 1.1 million acres since the program’s pilot year. All 17 of the major U.S. cotton-producing states are now represented. Dr. Gary Adams, Cotton Trust President, says the results speak for themselves in the impressive progress made by growers on key sustainability metrics.” *********************************************************************************** Year-Round Ethanol Sales Idea Wins Oil Group Support A Republican senator from Nebraska plans to submit legislation to expand national sales of E15 with the support of a major oil industry trade group. Successful Farming says Deb Fischer believes there is a way to move ahead with year-round E15 sales that have previously been opposed by some oil and environmental groups. The American Petroleum Institute, one of the oil industry’s top trade groups, began discussions earlier this year with the Renewable Fuels Association on a nationwide expansion of E15. The API began cooperating with biofuel trade groups after governors from major corn-producing states requested the Environmental Protection Agency lift restrictions on E15 sales in their states. The governors’ proposal raised oil industry concerns about fuel supplies. “A state-by-state approach would create a boutique fuel market in the Midwest and may negatively impact the reliability of gasoline supply to the region,” says Will Hupman, API Vice President of Downstream Policy.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday November 14, 2022 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, traders will be checking over the latest weather forecasts and any market-related news, especially as Russia is expected to either accept or quit the Ukrainian grain deal by November 19. USDA's weekly report of export inspections is due out at 10 a.m. CDT Monday, followed by Crop Progress at 3 p.m. Weather Widespread cold has gripped most of the nation, making it feel like winter. A small system developing in Texas will spread scattered showers through the southern half of the Plains states but quickly move eastward through the Southeast with rain going into Tuesday. The northern half of the precipitation will be snow and could be moderate in some spots through the Plains and into the Midwest. The reinforcing cold coming behind the system will likely continue the process of turning wheat dormant in a lot of areas.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday November 11, 2022 |

Union Pushes Back Date for Potential Railroad Worker Strike A key railroad workers’ union says it won’t go on strike after November 19. The Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way – Employees Division says it will hold off on any type of action until early December. Freight Waves Dot Com says that will give railroads more time to come up with their best offer without the pressure of an imminent walkout. The status quo period will be in place along with three other unions that have yet to approve their labor agreements. This period, known as a “cooling-off period,” means unions or railroads can’t engage in any work stoppages according to federal law. The union says it’s the last chance for railroads to do the right thing by voluntarily agreeing to provide paid sick leave to all employees. “Congress should not intervene and rescue the railroads if they continue to refuse to provide workers with paid sick leave,” the union says in a statement. *********************************************************************************** Export Exchange Leads to $225 Million in Sales The Export Exchange Conference recently hosted by the U.S. Grains Council, Growth Energy, and the Renewable Fuels Association is already paying off. According to surveys of grain buyers who attended the event, they bought $225 million worth of grain and ethanol co-products. In addition to that total, another $128 million in potential sales is under negotiations. That equates to almost 515,000 metric tons of grains and co-products traded at the conference or immediately before or after. “Trade is absolutely critical to U.S. farmers right now, and these sales show that buyers attending the Export Exchange took the buying opportunities very seriously,” says USGC President and CEO Ryan LeGrand. Emily Skor, CEO of Growth Energy, says, “Exports of U.S. grains and DDGS create jobs at home while helping international companies satisfy their demand for quality products.” Geoff Cooper, RFA President and CEO, says buyers bought enough DDGS to fill three Panamax vessels. *********************************************************************************** USMEF Conference Examines Exports, Constraints, and Headwinds The U.S. Meat Export Federation’s Strategic Planning Conference in Oklahoma City attracted farmers, ranchers, processors, and exporters from across the country. While U.S. red meat exports will likely set a record in value, there are several obstacles ahead for the industry, including a sluggish global economy, weaker currencies, and the lingering effects of COVID. Production challenges are also mounting, especially with severe drought. Keynote speaker Randy Blach (Block) of CattleFax says despite the challenges, the U.S. red meat industry is still remarkably efficient and sustainable. He says American producers are well-positioned for success, even in this challenging environment. “We produce more beef than Brazil with one-third the number of cattle,” Blach says. “It’s our high-quality, grain-fed beef.” USMEF President and CEO Dan Halstrom updated members on current export results and the outlook for the months ahead. He also highlighted the importance of market diversification that’s helped exports maintain their record pace. *********************************************************************************** Mexican Lawmakers Pushing to Ban Almost 200 Pesticide Chemicals A group of lawmakers in Mexico is attempting to ban almost 200 chemicals used in pesticides, and the country’s farmers are alarmed at the prospect. While supporters of the idea want pesticides banned because it’s harmful to human health, farmers say that could devastate Mexico’s ability to produce food. Head Topics Dot Com says there’s a growing push in Mexico against using pesticides and growing genetically modified corn. However, some in the Mexican government say this proposal goes too far too quickly. The country is already getting rid of glyphosate, and the country intends to ban genetically modified corn in 2024. The Senate will soon take up the plan to phase out 183 different chemicals contained in commonly-used pesticides by 2024. The proposed bill pushes alternatives like bio-inputs and extract products to replace pesticides. If the bill is approved, it moves to a Senate vote and then the lower house. *********************************************************************************** USDA Investing $50 Million in Healthier School Meals USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service launched a new initiative for healthier school meals through a $50 million grant opportunity. It will support collaboration with the food industry to develop nutritious and appetizing school meals for students. “We’re investing in innovative solutions and challenging the industry to partner with us to ensure every student has access to healthy school meals,” says Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack. “For children to reach their full academic potential, they must build healthy eating habits, and USDA recognizes the importance of private sector partnership in making this happen.” The request for grant applications is now open and marks the second phase of USDA’s $100 million Healthy Meals Incentives Initiative. The initiative is designed to improve the quality of school meals by strengthening access to nutritious food products. Up to four non-governmental organizations will be selected by the Food and Nutrition Service to manage funds for the School Food System Transformation Challenge. *********************************************************************************** Weekly Ethanol Output Hits Four-Month High The Energy Information Administration says ethanol production hit its highest level in four months while inventories declined during the week ending on November 4. The weekly output rose to an average of 1.051 million barrels per day. That’s up from 1.04 million barrels during the previous week and the highest level since June 24. The Midwest, which produces the most ethanol of any region in the country saw production rise to 992,000 barrels per day on average. That’s up from 981,000 the prior week and the highest production level since June 17. The Midwest gains were the entirety of the additions as production in most regions stayed the same from the previous week. East Coast production remained at 12,000 barrels a day for the third-straight week, and Rocky Mountain production was steady at 15,000 barrels a day for the fourth-straight week. Ethanol inventories that week dropped to 22.192 million barrels.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday November 11, 2022 |

Friday Watch List Markets Friday is Veterans Day, a special day to honor those that have served. Futures markets will trade as usual and the University of Michigan's index of consumer sentiment for November is due out at 9 a.m. CDT. Traders will watch the latest weather forecasts and be attentive to any news that comes from Friday's meeting of Russian and U.N. officials pertaining to the Ukrainian grain deal. Weather The remnants to Nicole are spreading rain across the Appalachians and East Coast for Friday. Some of those showers are falling west of the mountain range, which will add a minor boost to the inland river systems. A sharp cold front continues to trek eastward through the country with very cold, arctic air settling in behind it that will last through next week. As the front passes, temperatures will fall dramatically.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday November 10, 2022 |

USDA Releases November WASDE USDA released the November World Agriculture Supply and Demand report Wednesday. This month's 2022/23 U.S. corn outlook is for higher production, larger feed and residual use, and greater ending stocks. Corn production is forecast at 13.930 billion bushels, up 35 million from last month, on a 0.4-bushel increase in yield to 172.3 bushels per acre. The season-average corn price received by producers was unchanged at $6.80 per bushel. The soybean outlook for 2022/23 increased production, crush, and ending stocks. Soybean production is forecast at 4.35 billion bushels, up 33 million on higher yields. Higher yields in Iowa and Missouri account for most of the change in production. The season-average soybean price for 2022/23 is forecast at $14.00 per bushel, unchanged from last month. And the outlook for 2022/23 wheat this month shows stable supplies, increased domestic use, unchanged exports, and slightly lower ending stocks. The projected 2022/23 season-average farm price was unchanged at $9.20 per bushel. *********************************************************************************** No Change in House/Senate Ag Leadership Leadership of the House and Senate Agriculture Committees will likely be the same in the next Congress. Who controls the majority in the House, along with the Senate, will have a significant say in the 2023 Farm Bill process. Ranking Republican Glenn GT Thompson was reelected Tuesday and seems poised to chair the committee, if Republicans can hold on to take the majority in the House. Meanwhile, Georgia voters reelected Democrat David Scott, the current House Agriculture Committee chairman, who seems likely to remain the top Democrat on the committee. Meanwhile, the Senate Agriculture Committee will likely see the same leadership return. Senator Debbie Stabenow, a Michigan Democrat, was not up for re-election, and Arkansas voters reelected Republican John Boozman. The so-called red wave did not appear on election day and seems to give way to thin majorities for both the House and Senate. Final election results for all races may take a few more days. *********************************************************************************** Maryland and Missouri Approve Marijuana Legalization Voters in Maryland and Missouri approved ballot measures Tuesday to legalize and regulate marijuana for adult use. Similar measures were defeated in Arkansas, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Maryland Question 4 was referred to the ballot by the Legislature, while Missouri Amendment 3 was placed on the ballot via citizen initiative. Both measures make possession of limited amounts of cannabis legal for adults 21 and older and authorize the regulated production and sale of cannabis for adult use. Adult-use legalization laws have now been adopted in 21 states, D.C., and two U.S. territories, while an additional 16 states and two territories have legalized cannabis for medical use. VS Strategies is a national policy and public affairs firm based in Denver specializing in cannabis and drug policy. A VS Strategies spokesperson says, “Support for ending marijuana prohibition in the states is spreading much like it did at the end of alcohol prohibition.” *********************************************************************************** 2022 Farm Service Agency County Committee Elections Open This Week The Department of Agriculture began mailing ballots for the Farm Service Agency county and urban county committee elections this week. Elections are occurring in certain Local Administrative Areas for these committee members who make important decisions about how federal farm programs are administered locally.  FSA Administrator Zach Ducheneaux (DOO-sheh-know), says, "Voting in these elections is your opportunity to help ensure our county committees reflect the diversity of our agriculture." Producers must participate or cooperate in an FSA program to be eligible to vote in the county committee election. A cooperating producer is someone who has provided information about their farming or ranching operation but may not have applied or received FSA program benefits. Producers who are not of legal voting age but supervise and conduct farming operations for an entire farm are eligible to vote in these elections. Producers and landowners must return ballots to their local FSA county office or have their ballots  postmarked by December 5, 2022, in order for those ballots to be counted.    *********************************************************************************** SNAP Participation Varied Across States from 2019 to 2021 In fiscal year 2021, USDA’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program served an average of 41.5 million people monthly. USDA’s Economic Research Service Wednesday reported the 2021 figure is an increase of about 5.8 million per month compared with fiscal year 2019. SNAP participation increased nationwide during the COVID-19 pandemic to around 12.5 percent of the total U.S. population in 2021 from about 10.9 percent in 2019. In addition, SNAP participation data in February 2019 were artificially low because of the Federal Government shutdown at the time, impacting the average participation rate. SNAP participation also varied across states because of differences in program administration and economic conditions. Over this two-year period, 41 states saw an increase in SNAP participation, which ranged from a 0.1-percent increase in Mississippi to a 6.6-percent increase in the District of Columbia. In D.C., the percentage of participants increased to 20.9 percent in FY 2021 from 14.3 percent in FY 2019. *********************************************************************************** Farmers Encouraged to Keep the Stubble During No-Till November The Natural Resources Conservation Service encourages farmers to keep the tillage equipment in the machine shed during No-Till November. In a Wisconsin campaign first launched in 2017, the NRCS project is a conservation twist on the national cancer awareness No Shave November campaign that encourages people not to shave during the entire month. The NRCS campaign encourages farmers to "keep the stubble" on their harvested crop fields. The campaign has reached more than two million people nationally through Twitter and local media since 2017. Wisconsin NRCS Acting State Conservationist Jamie Keith, says, "No-till farming is a cornerstone soil health conservation practice, which also promotes water quality while saving farmers time and money.” One of the first soil health principles is “do not disturb.” Keith of Wisconsin adds, “This campaign is a fun way to remind farmers about the important relationship between tillage and soil health.”

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday November 10, 2022 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report is due out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Thursday, the same time as the Labor Department's reports on consumer prices for October and weekly jobless claims, as well as the U.S. Drought Monitor. The Energy Department's weekly report on natural gas storage is set for 9:30 a.m., followed by the Treasury Department's report on the federal budget in October at 1 p.m. Weather A strong storm system moving through the middle of the country on Thursday is bringing heavy snow and potential blizzard conditions to the Northern Plains. The cold front will sweep eastward and very cold air is filling in behind the system. While precipitation is heavy across the north, it is far less intense everywhere else and drought conditions continue to grow for southwestern Plains wheat. Tropical Storm Nicole is making landfall in central Florida early this morning and spreading heavy rain into the Southeast throughout the day.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday November 9, 2022 |

Results From Ag Lender Survey Released The top concern facing agricultural lenders going into 2023 is interest rate volatility, according to the 2022 Agricultural Lender Survey report. The report announced this week is produced jointly by the American Bankers Association and Farmer Mac. Nearly half of respondents ranked interest rate volatility among their top two concerns, up 35.5 percentage points from last year. While rising rates have helped bolster bank net interest margins, a combination of higher funding costs, fears of weakening loan demand and strong competition is expected to cut into rising yields. Most lenders reported overall farm profitability increased in the last year. Lenders expect conditions to deteriorate next year, with 52.6 percent projecting a decline in farm profitability in the next 12 months. However, this remains well below the 2016-2020 survey average of 82.3 percent. Jackson Takach (tack-ish), Chief Economist at Farmer Mac, says, “Looking ahead, ag lenders are keeping a close eye on expenses, as feed, fertilizer, fuel, and other input costs remain elevated." *********************************************************************************** New FMI Report Reveals Consumer Playbook for Foodservice at Retail The Food Industry Association released its Power of Foodservice at Retail 2022 report Tuesday. The report shows key insights into consumer demand for foodservice at retail, and comes at a critical time when 25 percent of shoppers are purchasing more grocery foodservice items than a year ago, surpassing dollar and unit sales volume from last year and 2019. The analysis suggests that food retailers can compete for consumers’ food dollars by maximizing value, nutrition and convenience, while clearly communicating these benefits to consumers. As inflation continues to affect Americans’ budgets, shoppers are preparing more meals at home – focusing on weekly meal planning and scratch cooking. Fifty-three percent say grocery foodservice items are a good value compared to eating at a restaurant or ordering takeout. A growing number of shoppers are ranking nutritional value highly when considering foodservice options, as 58 percent of consumers are interested in vegetables or other healthy options. However, only slightly more than a third are very satisfied with the nutrition levels of current foodservice offerings. *********************************************************************************** Grassley Presses Biden Administration on New Rural Mental Health Law Republican Senator Chuck Grassley of Iowa is requesting an update on the Biden administration’s efforts to implement the Seeding Rural Resilience Act. Grassley sent the request to the Department of Agriculture and Health and Human Services this week. The 2020 legislation is designed to curb the rising rate of suicide in rural areas – in the National Defense Authorization Act. The law requires interagency coordination between USDA and HHS. Grassley notes current economic conditions make timely implementation of the law even more important, adding, "The timely implementation of the Seeding Rural Resilience Act can provide life-saving resources to rural Americans." In February and again in June, Grassley asked Surgeon General Vivek Murthy about efforts he is taking to support implementation of the Seeding Rural Resilience Act, given the surgeon general’s emphasis on improving mental health. To date, Grassley has not received an answer from the surgeon general. *********************************************************************************** American Farmland Trust Releases Updated CaRPE Tool American Farmland Trust Tuesday released its updated Carbon Reduction Potential Evaluation Tool. The announcement includes the first of a series of briefs to help states estimate greenhouse gas emission reduction opportunities from the climate-smart cropland and grazing land management practices. The tool and state-specific briefs, which summarize the carbon benefits of climate-smart practices and provide state and federal policy recommendations to increase their adoption, are now available. These briefs are designed to help policymakers and land managers prioritize efforts for cost-effective climate benefits available from the agricultural sector. The tool has been available from AFT since the fall of 2020 and used by states to build working lands solutions into climate mitigation plans and state soil health efforts. Recent updates to the tool allow users to view data by USDA Farm Resource Regions and see results by counties and states and get the weighted emission reduction coefficient. Information on the free, publicly available tool and how to access it can be found at farmland.org. *********************************************************************************** Farm Credit Organizations Launch Terrain Three farm credit organizations this week launched Terrain, a new source of agricultural industry analysis for U.S. farmers and ranchers. American AgCredit, Farm Credit Services of America, and Frontier Farm Credit partnered to offer Terrain to their customers. Curt Hudnutt, CEO of American AgCredit, says, “Serving farmers and ranchers – from everything between Iowa’s hog and corn farmers to California’s dairy and vineyard owners – is our shared mission Terrain’s experts share insights on trends and market-moving events through reports, videos, presentations and more. Mark Jensen, CEO of Farm Credit Services of America and Frontier Farm Credit, adds, “Terrain provides unique expertise to support the future of agriculture and rural communities.” Visit terrainag.com for Terrain’s current perspective on the impact of interest rates on agricultural loans, a discussion on how grain storage costs change with interest rates, and insights on the near-term risks for the hog farming sector. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Sweet Potatoes Enjoyed Around the World The United States is not the only country enjoying U.S. sweet potatoes. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, the United States was the top global exporter, by volume, of sweet potatoes in 2020. USDA’s Economic Research Service Tuesday announced U.S. sweet potato exports on a fresh-weight basis increased 1,157 percent from 2001 to 2021. And the annual value of exports grew from $14 million to $187 million in the same period. Promotion of the health benefits and food companies’ expanding sweet-potato offerings, such as sweet potato chips and fries, have helped fuel the expansion. Exports to the United Kingdom and European Union experienced strong year-over-year growth from the mid-2000s until 2018. The United States ranks seventh globally in sweet potato production, according to FAO. Over the past 20 years, top-producing U.S. states more than doubled sweet potato production to meet growing international and domestic demand.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday November 9, 2022 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets The U.S. Energy Department's weekly inventory report, including ethanol production will be out at 9:30 a.m. CST, followed by USDA's WASDE and Crop Production reports at 11 a.m. Traders will pay attention to this week's weather forecasts with significant temperature changes expected through the week. Outside markets also remain a frequent concern. Weather A sharp cold front is draped over the North-Central U.S. Wednesday morning where scattered showers are building up ahead of a system that is pushing through the Intermountain West. That system will emerge into the Plains Wednesday night and increase precipitation over northern areas, turning a lot of it over to heavy snow in the Dakotas by Thursday morning. Strong winds will accompany the system as well. Tropical Storm Nicole is headed toward Florida with landfall Wednesday night or early Thursday morning, possibly as a hurricane. Regardless, heavy rain will move into Florida that is still trying to recover from Hurricane Ian in late September.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday November 8, 2022 |

September Pork Exports Continue Upward Trend; Pace Cools for Beef U.S. pork exports topped year-ago totals for the second consecutive month in September, according to the U.S. Meat Export Federation. September beef exports were below last year for the first time in 2022, but exports remain on a record pace through the first three quarters of the year. Pork exports reached 222,202 metric tons in September, up one percent from a year ago. Export value increased nine percent to $664.8 million – the highest since June 2021. Through September, pork exports were 13 percent below last year at 1.94 million metric tons, valued at $5.57 billion. September beef exports totaled 115,487 metric tons, valued at $890.3 million, down seven percent from a year ago in both volume and value. For the first nine months of 2022, beef exports were still four percent above last year at 1.12 million metric tons. Export value reached $9.12 billion, up 20 percent and already achieving the second-highest total for any calendar year, trailing only the 2021 record of $10.58 billion. *********************************************************************************** Poultry Industry Releases Economic Impact Study The U.S. Poultry and Egg Association, National Chicken Council, National Turkey Federation and United Egg Producers recently released an updated economic impact study. The study highlights the poultry industry's positive impact on jobs, wages, and federal and state revenue in the United States. A dynamic and integral part of the national economy, the U.S. poultry industry provides more than two million jobs, $125 billion in wages, $555 billion in economic activity and $33 billion in government revenue. Specifically, the study found the chicken industry provided $417 billion in economic activity, while the turkey industry provides $99.5 billion, and the egg industry provides $44.7 billion. John Starkey, president of the U.S. Poultry and Egg Association, says, “We are pleased to continue providing this valuable tool across the industry that shows the positive economic impact the poultry industry has on our nation and communities.” The U.S. Poultry and Egg Association funded the economic impact study. *********************************************************************************** California Top Purchaser of Crop Insurance for Specialty Crops New data from USDA's Economic Research Service shows California farmers purchase the most Federal Crop Insurance policies for Specialty Crops. California led the country in policies for specialty crops in 2020, followed by Florida, Washington, North Dakota, and Minnesota. The states also produce the most fruits and vegetables, California, Florida, and Washington, and specialty field crops, from North Dakota and Minnesota. Specialty crops are a commodity group which includes fresh or dried fruits; tree nuts; vegetables; pulse crops such as dry beans, peas, and lentils; and horticulture nursery crops. California’s policies reflect the variety of specialty crops produced in the state, including almonds, grapes, oranges, walnuts, and raisins. Most North Dakota policies cover field crops—dry beans and dry peas. In 2020, specialty crops accounted for 25 percent of the value of U.S. crop production. Crop Insurance policies can mitigate risks by providing payments if insured crops experience losses caused by naturally occurring events and market conditions. *********************************************************************************** Plant Based Products Council Announces First Annual Industry Conference The Plant Based Products Council Monday announced its first annual conference. The PBPC 2023 Annual Conference: Circular Solutions, will explore the innovations, business models, and policies influencing the entire lifecycle of bioproducts in the promotion of a more circular economy. Attendees will hear from and network with industry leaders, policymakers, brands, and experts through panels, keynotes, networking sessions, and more. Plant Based Products Council Executive Director Jessica Bowman says, "We are thrilled to launch our annual conference convening leading experts and innovators to discuss their role in this emerging industry and what solutions, challenges, and opportunities lie ahead." The conference is planned for March 27-29, 2023, in Washington, D.C. The Plant Based Products Council is an advocacy association working toward a more circular bioeconomy through greater adoption of renewable, plant-based materials supported by appropriate end-of-life infrastructure. Members of the organization include ADM, Cargill, and the National Corn Growers Association. *********************************************************************************** High Diesel Prices Put Strain on Farmers With diesel prices more than $1.50 per gallon high than this time last year, the American Farm Bureau Federation calls on the Biden administration to bring more domestic supply online, A ban on U.S. imports of petroleum from Russia, lower domestic production capacity, and seasonal demand are all contributing to higher costs. Russia provided 20 percent of the petroleum imported into the U.S. in 2021, but that was halted after Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Further, since 2019, domestic diesel production capacity has dropped by 180,000 barrels per day. Several plants closed during the coronavirus pandemic and are not yet back online. AFBF President Zippy Duvall, in a letter to President Joe Biden, says, "High diesel prices are severely impacting our farmers and ranchers, causing increased costs to consumers, and adding to food insecurity." National diesel prices are expected to average $4.86 per gallon through the end of the year, according to government projections, and $4.29 per gallon in 2023. *********************************************************************************** Gas and Diesel Prices Rise Again For the first time in the last month, the nation’s average gas price increased, rising 6.2 cents from a week ago to $3.78 per gallon. The national average is down 11.5 cents from a month ago but stands 37.8 cents per gallon higher than a year ago. The national average price of diesel increased 3.4 cents in the last week and stands at $5.32 per gallon. National diesel supply remains tight, but supplies of diesel did see a slight rise last week. GasBuddy’s Patrick De Haan says, “Brief outages at a limited number of stations are possible, but with refineries continuing to churn out product and maintenance wrapping up, I’m optimistic the situation will improve.” Oil saw a strong rally last week as inventories continued to decline and Strategic Petroleum Reserve releases slowed down. Last week’s report from the Energy Information Administration showed a notable drop in oil inventories of 3.1 million barrels, while the Strategic Petroleum Reserve saw a drop of 1.9 million barrels.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday November 8, 2022 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets There will be few government reports early on Tuesday as the mid-term elections take place. DTN will be watching for more developments on the Ukraine export deal and any export sales news, along with any changes in South American weather. Weather A system continues to move through the Northern Plains on Tuesday, dragging a cold front with a band of snow behind it in Montana. In the Plains, winds are increasing and spotty showers will develop from Texas to Minnesota, more consistent farther north toward the front. A stronger storm continues to build out in the West with heavy precipitation in drought areas in California and Nevada. Dry and warm conditions for eastern areas of the country may want to get fieldwork completed before this system moves east later this week.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday November 7, 2022 |

Ag Groups Ask Congress to Prevent Potential Rail Strike Over 190 members of the Agricultural Transportation Working Group want Congress to prepare to help prevent a railroad strike or lockout. Beef Magazine says a strike or lockout would shut down all rail-dependent facilities and result in devastating consequences to both national and global food security. The Biden administration successfully helped broker an agreement between the National Railway Labor Conference and 12 labor unions on September 15. But two unions voted against the agreement while four others continue reviewing it. The food and agriculture groups sent a letter to congressional leadership saying action will be necessary if the parties fail to reach an agreement. “Resolution of the dispute before November 19 is necessary to ensure uninterrupted rail service,” the letter says. “Adding urgency to the matter is critical inputs, and agricultural products like ammonia could be embargoed starting November 14.” They say a rail strike would be “catastrophic” to the U.S. economy. *********************************************************************************** Food Price Index Virtually Unchanged in October The FAO Food Price Index averaged 135.9 in October, virtually unchanged from September. The index of every commodity group except for cereals was down month-to-month. The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization says a higher Cereal Price Index countered drops in the indices for vegetable oils, dairy, meat, and sugar. With the latest update, the food price index has dropped almost 24 points from its peak in March but remains 2.7 points above October 2021. The Cereal Price Index averaged 152.3 points, 4.4 points higher than in September and 15.2 points above the same time last year. The FAO Vegetable Oil Price Index averaged 150.1 points, down 2.4 points month-on-month and nearly 20 percent below last year’s level. The Dairy Price Index averaged 140.1 in October, down 2.5 points from September and the fourth-consecutive monthly drop. The Meat Price Index dropped for the fourth month in a row, averaging 118.4 points in October. *********************************************************************************** Mississippi River Shipments Down 78 Percent The USDA’s Agricultural Marketing Service says the number of grain barges being unloaded in New Orleans during September and October dropped significantly. An AMS report says the number of barges is 20-30 percent lower than in recent years. The slowdown coincides with river closures and restrictions on barge companies that reduced the bar tow. Typically, 30-40 barges can move down the river together, and the new restriction says no more than 25. The tonnage movement has been even weaker. Since September, tonnage going through locks was down more than 40 percent below recent years. The significant decline in tonnage is consistent with reports of how barges have been forced to reduce their draft. Barges are normally loaded to an 11-12-foot-deep draft during the fall. However, companies started imposing nine-foot barge draft restrictions in October. That can lead to a reduction of 10,000-15,000 bushels per barge. Tonnage appeared to pick up in October. *********************************************************************************** GAO Report is a “Gift” to Refiners The General Accounting Office released a report on the Environmental Protection Agency’s decision-making when it comes to small refinery exemptions from the Renewable Fuel Standard. The report was first requested three years ago by renewable fuel supporters in Congress. But much has changed since then, and biofuel groups say the report is obsolete. Renewable Fuels Association President Geoff Cooper says the economic analysis can only be described as a creative and obscure acrobatic routine. In the summer of 2019, a group of renewable fuel supporters in the House and Senate asked for an investigation into two former EPA administrators. “More than three years later and less than a week before midterm elections, the GAO puts out a shoddy report that’s friendly to oil refiners and tries to answer questions no one ever asked,” Cooper says. “After all that, the report says small refiners’ costs of compliance are 0.5 percent above larger refiners.” *********************************************************************************** Farm Bureau Leaders Graduate from Women’s Boot Camp Fifteen farm and ranch women leaders graduated from the fall session of the Women’s Communication Boot Camp hosted by the American Farm Bureau. The four-day course featured hands-on sessions related to public speaking, working with the media, and messaging. Graduates will use that training in a variety of ways, including participating in local media opportunities to support Farm Bureau’s policy work. They can also share information with elected officials and join social media campaigns that spotlight modern agriculture. “The women leaders who completed this training will use their skills in their communities and for Farm Bureau on local, state, and national levels,” says Isabella Chism, Chair of the Women’s Leadership Committee. “Consumer interest in food and how its produced remains high, which means effective communication for agriculture is more important than ever.” A spring session of the boot camp will be held April 3-6, 2023, with applications opening in December. *********************************************************************************** NCC Delivers Comments on Proposed Salmonella Framework The National Chicken Council delivered public comments on a proposed regulatory framework for salmonella in poultry products during a virtual meeting with the Food Safety and Inspection Service. The NCC comments addressed each of the components the agency is considering as part of a new strategy. Food safety is a top priority for the broiler industry, and NCC supports changes in regulations that are based on sound science, and robust data, and are demonstrated to positively impact public health. “The industry is and should be expected to control potential pathogens, but there isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach to doing so,” says Dr. Ashley Peterson, NCC’s Senior Vice President of Scientific and Regulatory Affairs. “in a time of extreme inflation coupled with ongoing food security challenges, a command-and-control approach will do nothing to improve public health and remove chicken from the meat case.” The NCC wants a more collaborative effort to promote food safety.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday November 7, 2022 |

Monday Watch List Markets There will be few government reports early on Monday, followed on Tuesday by the mid-term elections. DTN will be watching for more developments on the Ukraine export deal and any export sales news, along with any changes in South American weather. Weather A ridge of high pressure is keeping most of the country east of the Rockies warm on Monday outside of the Northern Plains. A few spotty showers will be possible across the Southern Plains through the Tennessee Valley, but most areas are going to stay dry. That is not true for the West where a deep trough is building in the region. A strong low-pressure center is also forming up around Montana, producing some stronger winds and spreading a little snow to the Northern Plains, but the heavier precipitation will be up in the Canadian Prairies.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday November 4, 2022 |

Russia Resumes Participation in Black Sea Grain Deal Russia resumed participating in the Black Sea Grain Export Agreement four days after suspending it due to an alleged Ukraine attack on Russian ships in the Black Sea. Reuters says that brought immediate relief from pressure on food prices and eased worries over a renewed global food shortage. The United Nations, a key sponsor in the deal to help free up Ukrainian grain exports, says Moscow is asking for follow-up on the parts of the deal intended to help Russian food and fertilizer exports. Russian officials want more accomplished to make sure the country can export its enormous food and fertilizer output despite Western sanctions. Russia’s agricultural exports don’t specifically fall under sanctions imposed by the U.S., European Union, and others, but they’re impeded by restrictions on its financial, logistical, and insurance sectors. The initiative was agreed to in July for 120 days. The export deal expires on November 19. *********************************************************************************** Biofuel Groups File Motion to Intervene in SRE Lawsuit Growth Energy, the Renewable Fuels Association, the American Coalition for Ethanol, and National Farmers Union filed a motion to intervene to support the Environmental Protection Agency in the D.C. District Court of Appeals. The groups filed the motion to support the agency’s decision to deny 69 petitions from refineries seeking small refinery exemptions from the Renewable Fuel Standard program for one or more compliance years between 2016 and 2021. The groups say the decision helped to strengthen U.S. energy security, protect the climate, and delivered relief at the pump during record-high gas prices. “Now, certain refiners want to reverse this process and turn back the clock to an era of gross mismanagement and abuse of the SRE provisions of the RFS program,” they say in the motion. “The RFS is back on track and holding refiners accountable to ensure lower prices and cleaner options at the pump for American families.” *********************************************************************************** Cow-Calf Operations Vary in Adopting Rotational Grazing Rotational grazing is a frequently discussed livestock management practice with a wide variety of public and private benefits. Little information has been available on the adoption rate of rotational grazing, so the Economic Research Service at USDA issued a report on the subject. Data shows that 40 percent of cow-calf operations report using rotational grazing. However, just 40 percent of that number use intensive rotational grazing. Operations that retain the majority of their calves through the initial feeder stage for later sale to feedlots are the most likely to adopt intensive rotational grazing. Rotational grazing operations are more likely than continuous grazing operations to participate in the Environmental Quality Incentives Program and Conservation Stewardship Program. ERS says that rotational grazing is more common in the Northern Plains, Western Corn Belt, and Appalachian regions, where about one-half of those operations use the practice. Most grazing systems are simple, with five or fewer paddocks. *********************************************************************************** NCBA Accepting Nominations for the Environmental Stewardship Program The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association is accepting applications until March 10 for the 2023 Environmental Stewardship Award. The yearly award recognizes outstanding stewardship practices and conservation achievements of U.S. cattle producers. “Cattle producers are actively working to protect and improve the environment because they know environmental stewardship and good business go together,” says NCBA President Don Schiefelbein (SHEEF-el-byne). Any group, individual, or organization is eligible to nominate one individual or business raising or feeding cattle. Individuals and families may not nominate themselves, although nominees may be involved in preparing the application. Along with a typed application, one nomination letter and three letters of recommendation highlighting the nominee’s leadership in conservation are required. Nominees don’t have to be NCBA members but should support the objectives of their state and national organizations. Regional winners will be announced at the 2024 Cattle Industry Convention. For info or to download a nomination packet, go to environmentalstewardship.org. *********************************************************************************** SMART Act Would Double Investments in Ag Export Programs The Coalition to Promote U.S. Agricultural Exports applauds the introduction of the Supporting Market Access to Reinvigorate Trade Act of 2022. The SMART Act would double funding for USDA’s Market Access Program and Foreign Market Development Program. Both are critical to expanding global market access for U.S.-produced agricultural exports. A recent economic study predicted that doubling funding for these programs would generate an additional $44.4 billion in American agricultural exports from 2024 to 2029. “Reinvestment in export promotion programs is needed now,” says Robbie Minnich, Coalition Chair. “USDA is forecasting an agricultural trade deficit in 2023 for the first time in years because the growth in American farm exports is not keeping pace with imports, signaling a more competitive global landscape.” Geopolitical conflict is making the future of trade more uncertain, so the coalition says the additional investment is an essential piece of policy to reinforce America’s competitive standing overseas. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Cattlemen Applaud Funding to Expand Local Meat Processing Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack announced $73 million in funding for the first round of the Meat and Poultry Processing Expansion Program. The funds will get used to increase competition across the cattle marketplace and support increased producer opportunities, and the U.S. Cattlemen’s Association appreciates the USDA’s work. “We’re pleased to see the breadth and scope of projects supported through the funding,” says USCA President Brooke Miller. “The importance of this federal investment in our nation’s independent meat producers is evident when looking at individual projects.” As an example, they point to Upper Iowa Beef which received a grant that will expand its processing capacity by over 50 percent while creating new jobs for the community and premium revenue opportunities for independent producers. “These federal dollars can help usher in a new era of U.S. food production,” Miller says. “We’re encouraged by the announcement and look forward to further rounds of funding.”

| Rural Advocate News | Friday November 4, 2022 |

Friday Watch List Markets DTN will be watching the non-farm payrolls report, along with new unemployment numbers. We will also be watching for more developments on the Ukraine export deal and any export sales news, along with any changes in South American weather. Weather A cold front will pick up some steam with increasing showers and thunderstorms on Friday across the Mississippi Valley. That includes some heavier rain potential as well. Some of the thunderstorms across eastern Texas and Oklahoma into Arkansas and Louisiana could be severe with all threats being possible. Temperatures are falling dramatically behind the front by some 30 to 40 degrees, but are only seasonably cold ahead of the front. Winds on both sides of the front continue to be breezy with gusts generally in the 30 to 40 mph range.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday November 3, 2022 |

Vilsack Announces Funding to Increase Meat Processing Capacity Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack Wednesday announced a $73 million investment through the first round of the Meat and Poultry Processing Expansion Program. The funding supports 21 grant projects to expand meat and poultry processing capacity, increasing competition, supporting producer income, and strengthening the food supply chain to lower costs, according to USDA. Vilsack says, "These investments create more opportunities for farmers and ranchers to get a fair price, while strengthening supply chains." In addition, the Administration is investing $75 million for eight projects through the Meat and Poultry Intermediary Lending Program and more than $75 million for four meat and poultry-related projects through the Food Supply Chain Guaranteed Loan program. The program was designed to support capacity expansion projects in concert with other private and public finance tools. Additional announcements are expected in the coming weeks. USDA will also soon begin taking applications for a new phase to deploy an additional $225 million investment. *********************************************************************************** Regionality of Avian Flu Outbreak Limits Losses in Broiler Production USDA's Economic Research Service reports highly pathogenic avian influenza in 2022 has major regionality differences. The outbreak has had relatively little impact on the broiler industry based on the volume of broiler meat produced in the United States. HPAI was detected in Indiana in February 2022 for the first time nationally since 2015 and was soon confirmed at multiple commercial poultry operations. Flocks at operations with detected infections were depopulated to prevent further spread of HPAI. Because of the limited overlap of the 2022 HPAI outbreak with broiler-producing regions, commercial flocks in the top four broiler-producing States – North Carolina, Georgia, Arkansas, and Alabama – have largely avoided HPAI. Of the 43.8 million commercial birds depopulated as of October 7, 2022, 2.3 million were meat-producing broilers. This represents less than a tenth of one percent of typical annual broiler slaughter. The effect on broiler production during the 2015 outbreak was also relatively small. *********************************************************************************** CoBank: Higher-Priced Turkeys on the Holiday Menu A new analysis from CoBank suggests consumers will see smaller and higher-priced turkeys this Thanksgiving season. After grappling with staff shortages, plant closures, and supply issues, the turkey industry has been hit by yet another problem in 2022: the worst Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza outbreak in U.S. history. HPAI leads to the depopulation of birds, but is also impacting turkey size. The average slaughter weight is below the three-year average. However, there will be a sufficient number of birds. Turkeys will be available, but they will be more expensive and probably a bit smaller than what home chefs are used to. Seasonal cold storage whole bird inventory volumes are at their lowest level since 2006. Wholesale, frozen turkeys are currently selling in the $1.70 per pound range, about 30 percent higher than last year. Fresh, boneless breast meat is trading at $6.50 per pound, a 350 percent increase versus last fall. *********************************************************************************** USDA Opens 2023 Ag Outlook Forum Registration The Department of Agriculture recently opened registration for the 99th Agricultural Outlook Forum. The 2023 event is back in-person, held February 23-24, at the Crystal City Gateway Marriott in Arlington, Virginia. Additionally, all sessions will be live-streamed, and participants can attend the event in person or virtually. Registration is required for both virtual and in-person attendance, however, there is no cost to attending the Forum virtually. The 2023 event will feature comments from USDA Chief Economist Seth Meyer as he unveils USDA's initial forecast for the agricultural economy, commodity markets, and trade in 2023. Additionally, Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack will deliver the event's keynote address. More than 100 subject matter experts, executives and academics will discuss the largest issues impacting agriculture today and potential solutions, including supply chain challenges, climate-smart agriculture and more. Interested participants can register to attend, in-person or virtually, on the USDA website. More than 4,500 people attended the 2022 virtual Forum. *********************************************************************************** National Turkey Federation Executive to lead Fisheries Institute The National Fisheries Institute this week named Lisa Wallenda Picard as incoming President and CEO of the association. Picard joins NFI from the National Turkey Federation, where she is the Senior Vice President for Policy, Trade and Regulatory Affairs. In January of this year, NFI’s President and CEO John Connelly announced plans to retire in early 2023, prompting a nationwide search. NFI leadership calls Picard a "dynamic leader with expertise in food safety and trade relations." Picard joined the National Turkey Federation in 2011 and previously was the Chief of Staff for USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service. Before joining FSIS in 2002, Picard served as National Director of Public Relations for Ringling Bros and Barnum and Bailey Circus. She also spent several years lobbying on animal welfare and agriculture issues and will join NFI in mid-December. Incorporated in 1945, the National Fisheries Institute is the largest seafood trade association in the United States. *********************************************************************************** Culver’s Launches Farmer Appreciation Contest Culver's this week launched "To farmers With Love," a farmer appreciation contest. The contest is an opportunity for individuals to nominate a farmer in their life to win a generous prize package as part of Culver's Thank You Farmers Project. Fifteen winning farmers will receive a $500 cash prize, Culver's gift cards and swag. Additionally, to demonstrate Culver's dedication to supporting the future of agriculture, the winning farmers will also receive a $575 donation to their local FFA chapters in their names. Culver's marketing and public relations manager, Alison Demmer, says, "We're thrilled to be able to express our appreciation for these deserving farmers in such a personalized way." Through the Thank You Farmers Project, Culver's has donated over $3.5 million to agricultural education since 2013. Those interested in nominating a farmer can visit www.culvers.com to learn more and complete the nomination form. The contest runs from now through November 15.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday November 3, 2022 |

Thursday Watch List Markets DTN will be watching initial jobless claims, trade deficit and factory orders. Fed chairman Jerome Powell's comments regarding future rate hikes should be released Thursday. We will also be watching for more developments on the Ukraine export deal and any export sales news, along with any changes in weather. Weather A cold front moving into the middle of the country on Thursday does not have much precipitation with it early Thursday morning. It is expected to get much more active later Thursday as widespread showers and thunderstorms develop from west Texas up through Minnesota. Storms on the southern end from Kansas southward are likely to be more isolated but could be stronger with severe potential possible. It remains very warm ahead of the front with good fieldwork conditions. The showers will be skipping over much of the southwestern Plains as drought continues to hold its grip on next year's winter wheat crop.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday November 2, 2022 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets DTN will be watching for the results of the ADP employment report, the Federal Reserve announcements on rates, and Fed chairman Jerome Powell's comments. We will also be watching for more developments on the Ukraine export deal, any export sales news, and any changes in weather. Weather A deep trough is building west of the Rockies on Wednesday. It is inducing a low-pressure area over the Northern Plains and southern Canada, with most of the precipitation staying west of the Rockies or in the Canadian Prairies. Stronger winds are expected in the Plains and Upper Midwest, which will lead to increased wildfire risks for areas that are very dry. It will also lead to warm temperatures for most places east of the Rockies and some high temperatures may be broken in the Upper Midwest.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday November 2, 2022 |

Ag Economy Barometer Declines Again Farmer sentiment weakened again in October as the Purdue University-CME Group Ag Economy Barometer fell to a reading of 102, down ten points compared to a month earlier. Both of the barometer’s sub-indices, the Index of Current Conditions and the Index of Future Expectations, declined this month. The Current Conditions Index dipped eight points to a reading of 101, while the Future Expectations Index dropped 11 points to a reading of 102. This month's weakness in farmer sentiment pushes the index back near levels observed in late 2015 and early 2016 when farm income was sharply lower than in the last two years. USDA estimates U.S. inflation-adjusted net farm income averaged across 2021 and 2022 is more than 40 percent above the 2015-2016 average. Producers are concerned about the impact of U.S. interest rate policy on their farms and the ag economy, with over one-third choosing it as the most important policy issue. *********************************************************************************** Meat Sector Releases First-Ever Data Report on Environment The North American Meat Institute released a report Tuesday that sets transparent baselines that will allow the industry to measure progress and verify contributions to global climate goals. With 100 percent of the Meat Institute’s large U.S. members, those with more than 2,000 employees, submitting data, the report covers an estimated 90 percent of meat sold in the United States by volume. Meat Institute President and CEO Julie Anna Potts commented, “98 percent of American households purchase meat, putting our sector undoubtedly at the center of solutions for healthy diets, healthy communities, and a healthy planet for generations to come.” Supporting the organization’s commitment to measure and fill the “protein gap” for needy families by 2025, 78 percent of reporting companies donate money or products to food banks and charities. Meanwhile, 82 percent of reporting facilities are covered by a company commitment to minimize packaging waste, and 71 percent are covered by a company commitment to reduce food waste. *********************************************************************************** Lawmakers Seek Oversight Answers Regarding Climate Smart Commodities Program The Congressional Western Caucus wants information regarding oversight of the Climate-Smart Commodities pilot program. In a letter this week to the Biden administration, the caucus outlined concerns regarding the program, which was created with no direction from Congress. The lawmakers want answers to questions about how the Department of Agriculture created the program, weighed submitted proposals, and intends to ensure the federal funding does not displace private sector investments. The letter states, "We are dismayed by the lack of transparency and congressional consultation throughout the development of this process," further adding, "In no way can $3.5 billion be considered a 'pilot program.'" USDA awarded $2.8 billion in funding from the Commodity Credit Corporation for the pilot program with plans for an expected second tranche that would bring total funding for 2022 to $3.5 billion. Representatives Dan Newhouse, a Washington state Republican, and Andy Harris, a Maryland Republican, led the effort. *********************************************************************************** Iowa Confirms First Fall HPAI Detection The Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship confirmed a positive case of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Wright County, Iowa, this week. The virus was found in a commercial layer flock, and this is the first confirmed case of HPAI in Wright County in 2022, located in north-central Iowa. Iowa Secretary of Agriculture Mike Naig says, “We have been preparing for the possibility of additional outbreaks and are working closely with USDA and producers to eradicate this disease from our state.” Commercial and backyard flock owners should prevent contact between their birds and wild birds. Sick birds or unusual deaths among birds should be immediately reported to state or federal officials. If producers suspect signs of HPAI in their flocks, they should contact their veterinarian immediately. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the recent HPAI detections in birds do not present a public health concern. *********************************************************************************** North Carolina, New York, Lead Noninsured Specialty Crop Assistance Applications New data from USDA's Economic Research Service shows specialty crop growers in New York and North Carolina lead the nation in USDA's Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program applications. Operated by the Farm Service Agency, the program covered about 115 million total acres in 2017. Specialty crops, which include fruits and vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, and horticulture nursery crops, are often grown in areas where there are suitable soil and weather conditions. In 2020, North Carolina and New York had the program's highest number of specialty crop applications. Each State had more than 5,000 applications. Across the U.S., program applications were made for 147 different specialty crops in 2020. USDA operates various crop insurance and disaster aid programs to help producers. But when sufficient data is not available to create an actuarially sound insurance product, then producers can apply to the USDA, Farm Service Agency's Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program. *********************************************************************************** USDA Rural Development Observes Native American Heritage Month USDA’s Rural Development undersecretary Xochitl (So-CHEEL) Torres Small announced Tuesday USDA is renewing its commitment to strengthen its partnerships with Tribes and Tribal communities. The commitment seeks to ensure Native people have access to the critical infrastructure and economic resources they need to thrive. The announcement is one of many ways USDA is observing Native American Heritage Month. Torres Small says, "We celebrate the countless contributions of American Indians and Alaska Natives and honor the vital influence they have had on the advancement of our nation." USDA is issuing a policy statement that recommits the agency to upholding the agency's Trust responsibility to Tribal communities, respecting Tribal sovereignty by protecting Tribal treaty rights and fostering economic and cultural prosperity. Further, the statement commits to engaging with Tribes through timely and meaningful consultation on USDA’s policies and programs, and reflecting on the shared and complex history between Tribes and the federal government.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday November 1, 2022 |

Russia Pulls Out of Black Sea Grain Export Deal Russia resumed its blockade of grain shipments exiting Ukraine on Sunday after announcing the country is pulling out of the grain deal brokered, in part, by the United Nations. The Hagstrom Report says the amount of grain available for global markets and possible price increases are concerns getting raised around the world. U.S. President Joe Biden called the blockade resumption an “outrageous act.” Russia pulled out of the deal because it says Ukraine staged a significant drone attack over the weekend against Russia’s Black Sea Fleet which is off the coast of Crimea (cry-MEE-ah). Ukraine says the attack didn’t happen, and Russia simply mishandled its own weapons. The U.N. and officials from Turkey were trying to convince Russia to bring back the deal it agreed to earlier this year. The European Union’s foreign policy chief says Russia’s decision puts the much-needed exports of grain and fertilizers to address the global food crisis at risk. *********************************************************************************** USDA Trade Mission Underway in East Africa USDA Deputy Secretary Jewell Bronaugh arrived in Nairobi, Kenya, to kick off an agribusiness trade mission to Kenya and Tanzania. The U.S. delegation includes representatives of 32 agribusinesses and farm organizations hoping to establish trade relationships and explore opportunities for American agricultural exports to East Africa. Kenya is the economic, financial, and transportation hub for Central and East Africa. “It’s my great pleasure to lead this trade mission,” Bronaugh says. “Kenya and Tanzania are important and growing markets, and I look forward to strengthening our ties with both nations while expanding opportunities for U.S. agricultural and food product exports.” Trade mission participants will engage directly with potential importers, receive in-depth market briefings, and participate in site visits. Bronaugh also says this is an exciting opportunity for U.S. agribusinesses and state representatives to learn firsthand about the local markets and build strong connections with their future partners in the countries of East Africa. *********************************************************************************** Deere Moving Production from China to Louisiana John Deere announced it is investing $29.8 million to begin manufacturing harvesters in the United States instead of China. Louisiana’s state development agency says the agricultural manufacturer is expanding an already-existing factory in the state and adding another 70 jobs. “This investment by Deere and Company demonstrates not only the strength of Louisiana’s manufacturing sector but the resilience and recovery of the Bayou Region,” says Louisiana’s Governor John Edwards. Deere will produce medium-chassis cotton harvesters to replace the models currently built in China. The new jobs will pay an average salary of $47,472 a year and add to Deere’s existing workforce of 311 employees in the state. “The employees at our Louisiana factory have demonstrated remarkable resiliency and commitment to our customers,” says a Deere spokesman, describing how workers restored operations after Hurricane Ida hit Louisiana last year. Deere says it’s investing in the community, the state, and current staff. *********************************************************************************** Another Railroad Workers Union Votes Against Rail Settlement Another American railroad workers’ union voted against a contract settlement with railroads. Over 300 trade associations covering local, state, and national-level groups wrote to the White House asking for intervention to keep railroads running. The letter to President Biden and officials says, “We’re writing to ask you to help ensure that the tentative agreement you helped broker between railroads and their worker unions is ratified by both sides.” Two unions rejected the agreement, and the groups are concerned that others may follow. The Brotherhood of Railroad Signalmen is the latest union to vote against ratifying the agreement, with 60 percent of its members voting no. The union says, “BRS members spoke loudly and clearly that their contributions are worth more, particularly when it comes to the basic right of time off for illnesses.” The trade groups say if more unions vote no, a strike could shut down the entire rail system. *********************************************************************************** National FFA Officer Team Elected at the 95th Convention The 2022-2023 National FFA Officer team was elected during the final session of the 95th National FFA Convention and Expo in Indianapolis. Students from Illinois, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Virginia were chosen as the National FFA Officers. Andrew Seibel of Virginia is the new national president. Jessica Herr of Pennsylvania was elected the national secretary. Ryan Williamson of Texas is the western region vice president, and McKenna Clifton of North Carolina is the southern region VP. Karstyn Cantrell of Oklahoma is the central region vice president, and Gracie Murphy of Illinois is the east region VP. These members were selected from 35 candidates vying for the honor. Throughout their year of service to the organization, the officers interact with business and industry leaders, thousands of FFA members and teachers, and many other groups and individuals. The National FFA Organization currently has more than 850,000 student members in almost 9,000 chapters. *********************************************************************************** Farmers Say Cover Crops Are On 40 Percent of Cropland A new USDA survey says cover crops are more popular than first thought. Growers who responded to the survey say they’re using cover crops on 40 percent of their cropland in 2022. Successful Farming says that hints at a sizable increase from the 15.4 million acres of cover crops listed in the 2017 Census of Agriculture. The USDA’s Conservation Practice Adoption Motivations 2021 Report says a large number of farmers, 59 percent, use cover crops on their farms. That’s from a survey of 34,000 farmers that ran from May through September. Farmers say they used cover crops on 40 percent of their cropland. Earlier this month, the Ag Economy Barometer, which surveys large-scale farmers, said 57 percent of respondents used cover crops on at least some of their land, a jump up from 52 percent in 2021. Half of those farmers say they sowed cover crops on 25 percent or less of their land.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday November 1, 2022 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets DTN will be watching for the results of the S & P Manufacturing PMI, job openings, and construction spending. Even more importantly, we will be watching for more developments on the Ukraine export deal and any export sales news. Weather Most of the country east of the Rockies will enjoy a day of warmth and dryness, favorable for fieldwork. A system is brewing in the West, though, where widespread showers will fill in across much of the area into Wednesday along with falling temperatures.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday October 31, 2022 |

Mexico Moving Ahead on 2024 GMO Corn Ban Mexico appears to be moving ahead with its plan to ban GMO corn imports by 2024. Reuters says Mexico is considering the possibility of direct agreements with farmers in the U.S., Argentina, and Brazil. Mexico’s deputy agriculture minister says the 2024 ban on GM corn won’t be amended in any way. U.S. yellow corn imports are used primarily for livestock feed in Mexico. Victor Suarez (SWAH-rez) says Mexico will cut its imports of U.S. yellow corn by half when the ban takes effect via increasing domestic production. To fill any remaining gap, Mexico will try to make deals with farmers in other countries to grow non-GMO corn and sell it to Mexico. “There are many alternatives to importing non-GMO yellow corn from the United States,” Suarez says. These moves appear to go back on the promise from Mexico’s ag minister that Mexico wouldn’t limit imports of GMO yellow corn from the U.S. *********************************************************************************** Drought Conditions Pushing Eastward Roughly six of every ten acres of land in the U.S. is in some level of drought. The Weekly Drought Monitor says arid conditions now stretch from the Appalachian Mountains in the east to the Pacific Coast in the western U.S. Conditions grew worse in the Ohio Valley while warm weather combined with below-normal precipitation to further dry the Midwest. The University of Nebraska’s National Drought Mitigation Center says the extent of the dry conditions is on par with 2012 as drought expanded across more than half of the states, particularly in the Midwest and Southeast. Drought also deepened in the Central Plains, where stock ponds for cattle remain low to nonexistent. Pastures are providing marginal feed, and most producers have to supplement their cattle feed. While the growing season for field crops is done, drought still affects the winter wheat crop, which makes up most of America’s wheat production. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Diesel Supplies are Shrinking Rapidly America has a shortage of diesel supplies on hand and it’s putting pressure on suppliers to get more into the fuel supply. The Start Magazine says a shortage is spreading in the eastern United States and has prompted at least one supplier to initiate emergency protocols. Mansfield Energy is a fuel supplier that says conditions are rapidly devolving, so they require a 72-hour notice for deliveries to secure fuel and freight. Diesel is the fuel that trucks, trains, and ships fill their tanks with to move goods around the country and across the globe. Supplies are tight partly because Russian diesel imports are banned in the U.S. Andrew Hunter, a senior economist with Capital Economics, says, “U.S. refining capacity has fallen over the past few years, which doesn’t help.” Diesel prices hit a record high of $5.81 per gallon in June, and prices could go higher if the winter is colder than expected. *********************************************************************************** Over 75 Percent of Soybean, Cotton, and Corn Acres are Genetically Engineered USDA’s Economic Research Service says genetically engineered seeds were commercially introduced in the U.S. for major field crops in 1996, and adoption rates increased rapidly. By 2008, more than 50 percent of U.S. corn, cotton, and soybean acres were planted with genetically engineered seeds. The total acres with GE seeds has grown even further, with now more than 90 percent of U.S. corn, upland cotton, and soybeans produced using GE varieties. Genetically engineered crops are broadly classified as herbicide-tolerant (HT), insect-resistant (Bt), or a combination of the two. While other traits like virus and fungus resistance, drought tolerance, and enhanced protein oil or vitamin content have been developed, HT and Bt traits are the most commonly used in U.S. crop production. Herbicide-tolerant seeds are also widely used in alfalfa, canola, and sugar beet production, but most of the GE acres are planted to the three major field crops: corn, cotton, and soybeans. *********************************************************************************** Biodiesel Plays a Big Role in California’s GHG Drop California released its Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report for 2020 which showed a 16 percent decrease in transportation carbon emissions. Clean Fuels Alliance America says that success was due in part to increasing the use of biodiesel and renewable diesel. The state’s analysis shows the percentage of biodiesel and renewable diesel in California’s fuel supply grew from 0.4 percent in 2011 to almost 21 percent in 2020 through the Low Carbon Fuel Standard. California Air Resources Board data says biodiesel and renewable diesel generated 44 percent of the LCFS credits in 2020. “As California works to continue reducing carbon emissions, it’s relying on increased production, import, and blending of biodiesel and renewable diesel,” says Clean Fuels’ CEO Donnell Rehagen (REE-hay-gen). Without biodiesel and renewable diesel, California’s tailpipe fossil CO2 would have been 15 million metric tons higher in 2020. The reduction equals taking 3.2 million cars off the road in 2020. *********************************************************************************** NPPC Promotes New VP of Domestic Policy The National Pork Producers Council says Kelly Cushman is its new vice president of domestic policy. In the newly-created position, Cushman will oversee U.S. government engagement, advocacy, and lobbying efforts for the U.S. pork industry. “Kelly comes to NPPC with a proven track record as an effective leader and political strategist, developing and executing government affairs outreach programs,” says NPPC CEO Bryan Humphreys. Cushman is a public affairs and communications professional with over 25 years of experience. She has a blended background of political, government agency, and corporate experience. “I’m excited to support America’s pig farmers who prioritize the health and well-being of their animals to provide high-quality and affordable products,” Cushman says. “I look forward to expanding and integrating NPPC’s government affairs engagement in Washington, D.C., and across the country. Cushman has a bachelor’s degree in biological sciences from Clemson and a master’s in environmental science and policy from Johns Hopkins.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday October 31, 2022 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, traders will check the latest weather forecasts and any news, especially from Ukraine. USDA's weekly report of export inspections at 10 a.m. CDT will give another indication of how soybeans are moving on the river. USDA's Crop Progress report at 3 p.m. will be watched for row crop harvest progress and winter wheat emergence. Financial traders are apt to be cautious with nearly everyone expecting another rate hike Wednesday. Weather Mild to very warm temperatures and mostly dry conditions for most areas on Monday will make for some good trick-or-treating weather. A few showers are going through the eastern Midwest and Southeast on Monday, but the coverage is rather low. Another system is moving into the Pacific Northwest, however, and will be the start of a battle in the middle of the country later this week.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday October 28, 2022 |

Survey Shows Farmer Concerns About Carbon Markets A new report from Farm Journal shows farmer perspectives and concerns on pathways and barriers to participating in carbon markets. A majority of farmers surveyed revealed significant concerns about overcoming technical and financial roadblocks to having success in the carbon markets. Producers worry that the benefits won’t be worth the cost, ongoing compliance regulations will be burdensome and that existing ag practices they already have in place on their operations won’t be fairly compensated. Farm Journal says the initial findings show that even the most “carbon-curious” farmers are saying that participating in current market conditions would require too much time, effort, and resources without fair returns on those investments. Farmers are also concerned about their data and whether it will get handled appropriately or will be difficult to collect. After several years, 97 percent of farmers aren’t ready to participate in carbon markets, but 93 percent are aware they exist. *********************************************************************************** USDA Providing $759 Million to Improve Rural Broadband Access Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack says his agency is providing $759 million to improve internet access for people living and working in 24 states, Puerto Rico, Guam, and Palau. The investments include funding from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law that provides $65 billion to help expand reliable, affordable, high-speed internet access to communities across the United States. “People living in rural towns across the nation need high-speed internet to run their businesses, go to school, and connect with their loved ones,” says Vilsack. “That’s how you grow the economy, not just for rural areas, but across the nation.” The $759 million in loans and grants comes from the third round of funding under the ReConnect Program. USDA is issuing a total of 49 awards in states like Alabama, Arizona, Kansas, Missouri, South Dakota, and many others. So far this year, USDA has announced $1.6 billion from the third round of ReConnect funding. *********************************************************************************** Bunge: Strong Demand Ahead for Soybean Oil The U.S. soybean sector will continue to see support from rising global demand for biofuels. Oil giant Bunge says that support will stay in place for “some time to come.” The company’s chief financial officer says the demand for soybean oil is strong from both the food and energy-producing sectors. Industry Update Dot Com says Bunge also sees unusually high interest from buyers wanting to lock in their prices beyond the next quarter. “We’re very deliberate about price,” says Bunge CEO John Nappi (nap-PEE). “But the demand is there and continuing to grow steadily. And we haven’t seen any decline or lack of interest from either the energy producers or the food industry side of the equation at this point.” SP Global says demand for soybean oil from the U.S. biofuel industry has been rising quickly since 2020 as processors are more confident about the government’s commitment to an energy transition. *********************************************************************************** Poll Finds Rural Voters Pessimistic About the Future A Daily Yonder poll of rural Americans shows they’re worried about the present, feeling pessimism about the future, and planning to vote the way they did in recent elections. The poll was commissioned by the Center for Rural Strategies and found that rural voters in highly-contested states hold negative views about the economy. For example, three-quarters of the respondents say the economy isn’t working for them. Just over half say they don’t expect their financial situations to get better in the next year. A little over three-quarters of the respondents say they think things will get worse, not better, for the next generation of Americans. The Daily Yonder survey also found nearly half of rural voters say the rising cost of living is one of their biggest concerns. The second-largest concern is government dysfunction. Other top issues included jobs and the economy, social security, rising crime, health care, and the rising cost of food and gas. *********************************************************************************** Inland Waterway System Still Struggling with Drought The conditions along America’s inland waterway system remain concerning. Farmers are harvesting an overall strong crop, but the inland waterway system they use to ship commodities doesn’t have the ability to accommodate large amounts of new grains. It’s especially hard on the soybean industry because September through February accounts for 80 percent of U.S. soybean exports. Because over half of America’s soybeans are exported, barge transportation is essential. American Commercial Barge Lines says depth restrictions of no greater than nine feet have been instituted on the Lower Mississippi River, an almost 30 percent decrease. Barges are often loaded to 11-12 feet this time of year on the Mississippi River south of St. Louis. For every one foot of decreased water depth, that means 5,000 fewer bushels are loaded onto each barge. A maximum of 25 barges can be connected on the lower Mississippi compared to 30-40 barges in typical years. *********************************************************************************** USDA Launches Loan Assistant Tool to Enhance Customer Service The USDA has launched a new online tool to help farmers and ranchers better navigate the farm loan application process. The now uniform application process will help make sure all farm loan applicants receive equal support and have a consistent customer service experience with USDA’s Farm Service Agency, regardless of individual circumstances. “USDA recognizes that more must be done to ensure all customers have equal access to our programs and services,” says FSA Administrator Zach Ducheneaux. “This tool will help loan applicants better understand the application process and gather the needed documents before the process even begins.” USDA experiences a high rate of incomplete or withdrawn applications, due in part to a challenging and lengthy paper-based application process. The new Loan Assistance Tool is available 24-7 and gives customers an online step-by-step guide that supplements the support applicants receive in person at an FSA office. For more information, go to farmers.gov.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday October 28, 2022 |

Friday Watch List Markets The Labor Department's third-quarter employment cost index will be out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Friday, the same time as a report on U.S. personal incomes and consumer spending for September. The University of Michigan's consumer sentiment index for October is due out at 9 a.m., the same time as a U.S. index of pending home sales for September. Traders will keep an eye on the latest weather forecasts and on outside markets ahead of a likely rate hike on Wednesday, November 2. Weather A small storm system has moved into Texas where rains have spread into Oklahoma. The system will be a slow-mover with showers possibly getting into the Delta Friday night, but could wait until Saturday in some places. Some heavier rain will be possible as further drought reduction looks likely in this small area. But the rest of the country will largely be dry today with near- to above-normal temperatures, favoring harvest and other fieldwork.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday October 27, 2022 |

Bronaugh To Lead East Africa Agribusiness Trade Mission Deputy Agriculture Secretary Jewel Bronaugh will lead a trade mission to Nairobi, Kenya, and Zanzibar, Tanzania, from October 31 through November 4. Representatives from 32 agribusiness and farm organizations will join Bronaugh on the trip. She says, "This trade mission will provide firsthand knowledge of market conditions and opportunities in East Africa and expand awareness about U.S. agricultural and food products in the region." Both Nairobi, Kenya and Zanzibar, Tanzania, serve as strategic ports in East Africa, attracting many U.S. exporters and investors. Last year, the United States exported more than $60 million worth of agriculture, fish, and forestry products to Kenya, and $6.9 million worth of agricultural products to Tanzania. During the week-long trade mission, participants will meet with potential importers, processors, and distributors from Kenya and Tanzania, as well as other East African nations. National agribusiness groups represented include the U.S. Grains Council, U.S. Meat Export Federation, and the U.S. Soybean Export Council, among others. *********************************************************************************** R-CALF Makes Post-Election Push for M-COOL R-CALF USA, the Ranchers Cattlemen Action Legal Fund United Stockgrowers of America, is making a push for Congress to consider mandatory country-of-origin labeling of beef. R-CALF is encouraging its members and others to show their support to lawmakers for the American Beef Labeling Act. The bill was introduced by Republican Senators John Thune and Mike Rounds, alongside Democrats Jon Tester and Cory Booker last month. The legislation would require the U.S. Trade Representative, in consultation with the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, to develop a World Trade Organization-compliant means of reinstating MCOOL for beef within one year of enactment. USTR would have six months to develop a reinstatement plan, followed by a six-month implementation window. If USTR fails to reinstate MCOOL for beef within one year of enactment, it would automatically be reinstated for beef only. R-CALF points to a Morning Consult poll that claims 86 percent of U.S. voters support the bill. *********************************************************************************** Illinois Leads U.S. Pumpkin Production Pumpkins are on full display across the United States as part of many fall traditions. The production of pumpkins, from classic orange Howdens to new varieties like Cinderella, is widely dispersed throughout the United States, with all states producing some pumpkins. However, USDA’s Economic Research Service reported Wednesday that about 40 percent of pumpkin acres are harvested in only six states. Illinois is consistently the nation's largest pumpkin producer by acreage and weight. In 2021, Illinois produced 652 million pounds, more than a quarter of total U.S. pumpkin production and more than the next five states combined. Unlike all other States, most of Illinois' pumpkins are used for pie filling and processed for other food uses. Pumpkins from other states are primarily intended for decorative, or carving, use. In 2021, Indiana produced 181 million pounds of pumpkins, California grew 157 million pounds, Texas grew 108 million pounds, Michigan grew 89 million pounds, and Virginia grew 82 million pounds. *********************************************************************************** Research: Rainfall Declines Increase Food Insecurity Research by Penn State University published in ScienceDaily shows food insecurity increases when rainfall is below normal. The researchers focused on food insecurity in Tanzania, and found moving from a year with typical rainfall to a particularly dry year was associated with a 13-percentage-point increase in the risk of being food insecure. Tanzania has a high prevalence of food insecurity and is highly dependent on rain to grow its maize crops. Penn State assistant professor Heather Randell says, "Potential interventions could include providing drought-tolerant maize, increasing access to agricultural extension services, scaling up agricultural index insurance, improving uptake of soil and water conservation practices, and providing cash transfers based on drought early warning systems." Randell adds the findings also could apply to other low- and middle-income countries, especially those heavily dependent on maize production. The researchers say food insecurity affected about two billion people, or 26 percent of the global population, in 2019. *********************************************************************************** Clean School Bus Program Funding Primarily Supports Electric Busses The nearly $1 billion investment from the Environmental Protection Agency’s Clean School Bus Program announced Wednesday is largely for electric busses. Through a lottery system, the agency has selected 389 applications totaling $913 million to support the purchase of 2,463 buses, 95 percent of which will be electric. EPA will distribute awards to school districts in all 50 states and Washington D.C., along with several federally recognized Tribes and U.S. territories. School districts identified as priority areas serving low-income, rural, and, or Tribal students make up 99 percent of the projects that were selected. More applications are under review, and the agency plans to select more to reach the full $965 million in the coming weeks. Funding for the effort comes from the Bipartisan Infrastructure law to “build a healthier future, reduce climate pollution, and ensure the clean, breathable air that all our children deserve,” according to EPA Administrator Michael Regan. *********************************************************************************** Oscar Mayer: Avoid Bacon on World Vegan Day Oscar Mayer is calling on bacon enthusiasts to abstain from bacon delight of any kind on World Vegan Day, November 1. The company says, "Deliciously tempting bacon, smoked with real wood smoke for 12 hours, can be tough for those who wish to give up meat." According to a recent survey, more than half of vegans have abandoned their diet for bacon, making it the ultimate "gateway meat." Research shows that 63 percent of vegans wish they could eat bacon, and 56 percent admit bacon's delicious taste temps them. To show the brand's dedication on November 1, Oscar Mayer will reduce temptation by removing all bacon from paid media, and censoring, blurring and removing bacon from its social media. Oscar Mayer’s new campaign encourages fans to “BacOFF,” on social media, by pledging to give up bacon on World Vegan Day. Those who choose to do so could win a lifetime supply of bacon.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday October 27, 2022 |

Thursday Watch List Markets Thursday promises to be a busy morning for new reports. USDA's weekly export sales report is due out at 7:30 a.m. CDT, the same time as weekly U.S. jobless claims, September durable goods and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. The U.S. Commerce Department will also issue its first estimate of third-quarter GDP at 7:30 a.m. and many are expecting positive growth. Meanwhile, the European Central Bank is expected to raise its interest rate Thursday morning and the Energy Department's weekly report of natural gas sales is due out at 9:30 a.m. Weather A system is exiting the Central Rockies into the Southern Plains on Thursday. Some scattered showers have been falling over Nebraska and South Dakota from the overnight but will spread south into Oklahoma and Texas later today. There is a small risk for severe weather over Texas, but mostly should be just rain. Other areas of the country will be dry with near-normal temperatures.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday October 26, 2022 |

NMPF Unanimously Endorses Marketing Order Modernization Plan National Milk Producers Federation leadership Tuesday unanimously endorsed a proposal to modernize the Federal Milk Marketing Order milk-pricing system. The plan includes returns to the "higher of" Class I mover, discontinuing including barrel cheese in the protein component price formula. It extends the current 30-day reporting limit to 45 days on forward-priced sales of Nonfat Dry Milk and dry whey to capture more export sales in the USDA product price reporting. Additionally, the plan updates milk component factors for protein, other solids and nonfat solids in the Class III and Class IV skim milk price formulas. The plan develops a process to ensure make-allowances are reviewed more frequently through legislation directing USDA to conduct mandatory plant-cost studies every two years, and updates dairy product manufacturing allowances contained in the USDA milk price formulas. Any final proposal will be reviewed by the organization before it’s submitted to USDA to be considered for a federal order hearing. *********************************************************************************** Tyson Foods, Washington State Settle Price Fixing Lawsuit Washington state Attorney General Bob Ferguson announced this week the largest chicken producer in the nation, Tyson Foods, will pay $10.5 million because of a lawsuit over price-fixing on chicken products. The announcement is the third and largest resolution in Ferguson’s lawsuit against 19 broiler chicken producers. The claims against the remaining 16 companies continue. The conspiracy harmed an estimated 90 percent of Washington state residents, or approximately seven million individuals. Consequently, the scheme impacted virtually everyone who consumes chicken products. Tyson Foods is the largest chicken producer in the U.S., with approximately 20 percent of the national market share for broiler chickens. The Washington Attorney General’s Office asserts Tyson Foods and 18 other chicken producers drove up the price of chicken since at least 2008, causing consumers to overpay by millions of dollars. Two other states, Alaska and New Mexico, have similar antitrust cases against national chicken producers. *********************************************************************************** Legislation Introduced to Support Farmers Affected by PFAS In a bipartisan, bicameral effort to provide vital assistance to farmers affected by PFAS, lawmakers recently introduced the Relief for Farmers Hit with PFAS Act. Led by Maine Republican Senator Susan Collins, the legislation would authorize grants for states to provide financial assistance to affected farmers. PFAS are man-made "forever" chemicals used in industry and consumer products and can lead to serious health effects. PFAS contamination has prevented some farms from selling their products, creating financial hardship for many family farmers. Collins says, "USDA needs to step up and provide support to farmers, who at no fault of their own, are at risk of losing their livelihoods." Specifically, the funds would increase PFAS testing for soil and water sources, provide relocation of a commercial farm if the land is no longer viable, and create research on soil and water remediation systems, and the viability of those systems for farms. *********************************************************************************** USDA: Conservation Tillage Increasing The share of acreage for major cash crops—wheat, corn, soybeans, and cotton—that are planted using conservation tillage has increased over the past two decades in the United States. USDA’s Economic Research Service reported the data Tuesday. Farmers reported employing conservation tillage on the majority of acres of wheat at 68 percent, 76 percent of corn acres, and 74 percent of soybeans. Conservation tillage is less common on cotton fields at 43 percent of acres. Conservation tillage, which includes no-till and mulch till, reduces soil disturbance and preserves more crop residue relative to conventional tillage, in which a plow or other implement turns over most of the soil before planting. Additionally, no-till production, a type of conservation tillage in which farmers plant directly into remaining crop residue without tilling, has increased substantially for wheat and corn over the past two decades. Finally, mulch till has trended upward on each crop except for corn over the past two decades. *********************************************************************************** Florida Ag Department Releases Hurricane Ian Damage Assessment The Florida Department of Agriculture this week released a preliminary damage assessment for agriculture following Hurricane Ian. The assessment considered that losses to agriculture production and infrastructure are estimated to be between $1.1 billion and $ 1.8 billion. Florida Agriculture Commissioner Nikki Fried says, "While today's assessment is a preliminary snapshot of the losses to Florida agriculture, it is a critical first step in the process of securing federal disaster aid for our hard-working producers." The report estimated citrus damages between $400 million and $675 million, other fruits and vegetables between $153 million and $230 million, and field crops between $86 million and $160 million. Horticulture damages are estimated up to $297 million, livestock at $492 million and forestry at $32 million. Hurricane Ian made landfall on September 28 near Fort Myers and Cape Coral as a category-four hurricane. The report says Ian is among the strongest hurricanes to make direct landfall in the United States. *********************************************************************************** Applications Sought for Renewed Effort to Assist Farmers American Farmland Trust will accept applications starting November 1 to help farmers nationwide improve farm viability, access, transfer or permanently protect farmland or adopt regenerative agricultural practices. The last day to submit applications is November 14. AFT’s Brighter Future Fund provides grants of up to $5,000 per project. A project may involve one or more individual farmers or farm families, and projects will be awarded on a one-per-farm basis. In 2022, the fund will uplift, support, and amplify historically underserved farmers. AFT Vice President of Programs David Haight says, “The Brighter Future Fund makes small investments that have big impacts with participating farmers – particularly those who face barriers in accessing other types of support.” The Brighter Future Fund was launched in 2020 to help farmers launch, grow, and sustain farms in the face of forces impacting the food and agricultural system. Farmers should submit a completed electronic Brighter Future Fund Application to AFT at farmland.org to apply.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday October 26, 2022 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets A report on U.S. new home sales in September is due out at 9 a.m. CDT Wednesday, followed by the Energy Department's weekly inventory report at 9:30 a.m., including ethanol production. The Bank of Canada is expected to increase its interest rate by 0.75% to 4.0% Wednesday, followed by a rate hike in Europe on Thursday. Traders will continue to watch the latest weather forecasts and news from abroad, especially Ukraine. Weather As a storm system finally pushes east on Wednesday, quieter weather conditions are expected for most areas east of the Rockies. To the west, a system continues to move through the Rockies, setting up another storm for the late-week period across southern areas.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday October 25, 2022 |

NCGA Calls on USTR to Act on Mexico’s Pending Decree on Corn Imports Calls from corn grower leaders are growing louder for the United States Trade Representative to intervene in a trade dispute with Mexico over corn imports. The response from corn growers comes as Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador’s promises to enact a decree that would end imports of corn grown using biotech and certain herbicides by 2024. Biotech corn makes up over 90 percent of U.S. corn crops. An opinion piece by National Corn Growers Association President Tom Haag was published over the weekend in The Hill, a newspaper widely read by Congress and other Washington decision-makers. The editorial calls on USTR to file a settlement dispute under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement over the matter. Haag says, "If the decree is enacted, the negative impact will be felt by farmers in the U.S. and by the people of Mexico." NCGA has been at the forefront of this issue, and says a U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement dispute settlement would allow for extensive debate and mediation. *********************************************************************************** USTR, USDA to Assist Seasonal Produce Industry The Office of the United States Trade Representative will pursue avenues to assist the Southeast seasonal produce industry in coordination with the United States Department of Agriculture. The announcement comes after members of Congress requested an examination of certain issues in a September 8, 2022, Section 301 petition. The 301 statute requires that USTR make a decision on whether to move forward with an investigation within 45 days. The statute also includes a private-sector advisory panel as a specific response to export targeting. Although USTR could not conclude in the 45-day statutory period that a formal 301 investigation would be effective and is not opening an investigation at this time, USTR is moving forward with an advisory panel. USTR and USDA will work with the petitioners and producers to examine the issues raised in the petition and to consider any further actions that may be appropriate as a result. *********************************************************************************** Bill Seeks Excise Tax on Foreign Water-Intensive Crops in the U.S. Legislation introduced last week seeks an excise tax on the sale and export of water-intensive crops grown in the U.S. by foreign governments. Arizona Representative Ruben Gallego introduced the Water Protection Act of 2022, as Arizona and other states face prolonged drought. Gallego says, "While Arizona experiences the driest conditions in centuries, our water is being given away in a sweetheart deal with Saudi Arabia." The Democrat adds, "Arizona's aquifers are meant to serve Arizonans, and this bill will make that happen." The excise tax would be imposed at 300 percent, reflecting the unjustifiable disparity in land lease rates between domestic and foreign producers in Arizona. Arizona is leasing farmland to Fondomonte, a Saudi company which uses Arizona groundwater to grow alfalfa exported to feed cows in the Middle East. The state reports that the company uses enough water annually to supply 54,000 homes, at an estimated cost to the state of more than $3 million a year. *********************************************************************************** EWG: Climate Change Increases Crop Insurance Costs A new Environmental Working Group analysis found the majority of Midwestern counties with increased precipitation between 2001 and 2020 also had growing crop insurance costs. The report alleges the increased crop insurance costs were due to wetter weather linked to climate change. Between 2001 and 2020, farmers in the eight Midwest states received almost $14.5 billion in crop insurance indemnity payments for reduced crop yields or revenue due to excess moisture and precipitation. In all, 661 counties got a crop insurance indemnity payment for excess moisture at some point during that period, adding up to $12.9 billion. EWG claims the Crop Insurance Program undermines the adoption of conservation practices like cover crops that can help farmers adapt to the effects of climate change, such as extreme precipitation events that are expected to continue occurring more frequently. The organization is using the study in a call to make several reforms to the structure of crop insurance. *********************************************************************************** 2012 Nutrition Standards Change Increased Fruits and Vegetables in School Meals A 2012 change in school meal nutrition standards drove changes in the type of foods schools purchased. USDA's Economic Research Service released data Monday that shows following the change in standards, schools obtained more fruits and vegetables through USDA Foods and especially through USDA’s Department of Defense Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program. While there was no clear change in the types of foods chosen from 2006 to 2012, the percent of USDA Foods entitlement funds used for purchasing fruits and vegetables from DoD Fresh rose sharply from 6.7 percent of total USDA Foods in 2012 to 15 percent in 2017. Fruit obtained through AMS—mainly canned and frozen—rose from 9.4 percent of total USDA Foods spending in 2012 to 15.4 percent in 2017. Vegetables obtained from USDA's AMS slightly rose from 2012 to 2017. As the spending on fruits and vegetables increased, the percentage spent on meat, poultry, and cheese dropped from nearly 74 percent in 2012 to 61 percent in 2017. *********************************************************************************** Gas Prices Down Again, Diesel Higher The nation's average gas price declined for the second straight week, falling 9.3 cents from a week ago to $3.77 per gallon. The national average is up 10.2 cents from a month ago and 41.2 cents per gallon higher than a year ago. The national average diesel price increased 4.0 cents in the last week and stands at $5.30 per gallon. GasBuddy's Patrick De Haan says, “While gasoline prices have seen a large drop, diesel prices have been somewhat mixed, with prices heading higher in the Northeast as inventories drop to extremely tight levels ahead of the heating oil season.” Rising risk of economic downturn, weak Chinese imports and a stronger U.S. dollar were factors pushing oil prices lower in the last week. That comes as OPEC+’s recently decided to cut oil production. De Haan adds that the decline in gasoline prices is seasonal and should continue into the fall, and is unrelated to the coming election.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday October 25, 2022 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets An index of U.S. consumer confidence for October is due out at 9 a.m. CDT Tuesday, the only report of the day. Traders will continue to watch the latest weather forecasts and any reports from the Mississippi River. Outside market news will also get market attention with the Federal Reserve expected to raise interest rates again next week. Weather A cold front saw a low-pressure center form along it across Texas Monday and that low and front will continue northeast through the country Tuesday. Areas of rain and thunderstorms are exiting the Plains but will continue for the Delta, Southeast, and Midwest. Rain will disrupt the remaining harvest and there is a risk of severe storms across the Gulf Coast states. Cooler, drier air is filling in behind the front while another system is moving into the Pacific Northwest.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday October 24, 2022 |

Farm Financing Demand Edges Higher Strong agricultural prices continue to support the farm economy, but the rapid rise in production expenses could pressure profit margins. That’s pushing the demand for farm financing higher. Larger-sized operating loans are continuing to boost farm lending activity. The Kansas City Fed says the volume of non-real estate farm loans increased by more than 10 percent for the third-consecutive quarter. Operating loans accounted for nearly all the growth, driven by an almost 25 percent increase in the average loan size. Besides a continued growth in lending, interest rates rose sharply and pushed financing expenses to their highest level since 2019. Prices of most major commodities remained elevated alongside favorable market conditions and supported a positive outlook for farm finances through the end of this year. Uncertain demand for farm products in the coming year has led to more volatility, while drought continues to impact large parts of U.S. farm country. *********************************************************************************** NOAA Winter Weather Outlook Shows More Drought Ahead The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration released its U.S. Winter Outlook. Beginning in December and running through February 2023, NOAA predicts drier-than-average conditions in the South with wetter-than-average conditions in the Ohio Valley, Great Lakes, northern Rockies, and the Pacific Northwest. The agency says widespread extreme drought continues in much of the West, the Great Basin, and the central-to-southern Great Plains. Drought will impact the middle and lower Mississippi Valley this winter. Drought will also develop in the South-Central and Southeastern U.S., while drought conditions should improve across the Northwest U.S. in the months ahead. This year, La Niña returns for a third-consecutive winter, which will drive warmer-than-normal temps in the Southwest, along the Gulf Coast, and through the Eastern Seaboard. NOAA says drought conditions are now present in 59 percent of the country, and parts of the Western U.S. and southern Great Plains will get hit hardest this winter. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Grain Exports Hit Near-Record Total in 2021-2022 U.S. grains in all forms (GIAF) exports for the 2021-2022 marketing year topped 122 million metric tons, the second-highest total on record. That total trails the 129 million metric tons in 2020-2021. The U.S. Grains Council analyzed USDA data to find near-record exports of ethanol helped offset losses from corn, barley, and barley products. Mexico is the top GIAF destination. Record exports of ethanol, corn, DDGS, and pork and pork products, combined with fewer imports from China, made Mexico the biggest U.S. market in 2021-2022. Mexico imported over 27 million metric tons worth $11 billion. China was the second-largest export market for U.S. GIAF, with exports totaling 26 million metric tons worth more than $11 billion. Canada was in third place, taking in U.S. GIAF totaling more than 13 million metric tons worth $6 billion. In the current 2022-2023 marketing year, the U.S. Grains Council continues promoting U.S. grains around the world. *********************************************************************************** Company Developing AI to Accelerate Global Soil Restoration Biome Makers, a global ag tech leader in soil health analysis, received a $1.6 million grant from the European Union. The grant will help answer the need for strong solutions around soil biology in agriculture. The EU recognizes the importance of BeCrop®, the company’s soil intelligence technology, and the environmental and socioeconomic impact it has on farmers. The grant will help fast-track the development of BeCrop® AI and machine learning. That will help accelerate Biome Makers’ global mission of recovering soil health. The AI currently has the world’s largest database of taxonomic references and has analyzed more than 415,000 hectares of soil. BeCrop® technology decodes soil biology to help farmers improve food production while improving the sustainability of their farmland. The industry will no longer have to develop agricultural products or apply inputs without verifying their impact. BeCrop® is the first step to making that happen. Companies like Syngenta already utilize the AI. *********************************************************************************** New Zealand is the Latest Country to Tax Cow Burps New Zealand farmers recently gathered in towns and cities across the country to protest against the government’s plan to tax “agricultural emissions.” Reuters says the government confirmed plans to price agricultural gases and biogenic methane, which it says come from cow and sheep burps. Farmers drove tractors and carried signs protesting the proposed plan. Farm groups wonder how the proposal accounts for on-farm forestry and what can offset such emissions. They also worry about how the emissions will be priced and how the program will be governed. One of the protestors told state-owned Radio New Zealand that they aren’t necessarily wanting exemptions. The farmers want to work out how it's going to be best for them and the country. New Zealand’s prime minister told reporters they wanted feedback from the agricultural community, and the plan is in a consultation phase. The government wants to work with producers to find a solution. *********************************************************************************** Export Sales of Corn and Beans Surge Higher Sales of corn and soybeans to overseas buyers jumped week-to-week, while wheat sales declined during the week ending on October 13. USDA data says corn sales hit 408,300 metric tons, more than double the 200,000 tons sold a week earlier. Mexico was the big buyer at 183,700 metric tons, followed by Japan’s 77,600 tons. Soybean sales surged to 2.34 million metric tons, a significant jump over the 724,000 metric tons sold a week earlier. China swooped in to buy 1.98 million metric tons, far and away the top soybean buyer, with the Netherlands in second with 82,800 tons. The soybean total could have been higher, but the United Kingdom canceled a sale that week of 60,000 tons. Wheat sales dropped to 163,100 metric tons, down from almost 212,000 the previous week. Mexico was the top wheat buyer at 93,500 metric tons. USDA says Italy canceled wheat sales of 60,000 tons.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday October 24, 2022 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, traders will pore over the latest weather forecasts, keep up on the interest rate debate and check the latest news from the Mississippi River and Ukraine. USDA's weekly export inspections report at 10 a.m. CDT gets extra attention these days as a new gauge of river problems. USDA's monthly Cold Storage report is set for 2 p.m., followed by harvest progress and winter wheat planting updates in the Crop Progress report at 3 p.m. Weather A strong fall storm system is wound up in eastern North Dakota early Monday morning and heading northeast toward Hudson Bay. Scattered showers across the Northern Plains are a mix of rain and accumulating snows. The cold front to the system extends south through the Plains. Across the south, the system is ingesting the remnants of hurricane Roslyn, which is helping increase precipitation across Texas and Oklahoma. The heavier rain will spread northeast into the central Midwest throughout the day while a low pressure center will develop on the front across Texas later in the day, a feature that will move northeast through the Midwest later this week. Strong winds that have been felt across the middle of the country over the weekend are winding down throughout the day. Temperatures behind the front are dropping significantly from the heat seen over the weekend.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday October 21, 2022 |

Enrollment is Open for ARC, PLC Programs Ag producers can now change their 2023 crop year elections and enroll in the Agricultural Risk Coverage and Price Loss Coverage Programs for 2023. Signup for the two key safety net programs began Monday, and the enrollment deadline is March 15, 2023. Producers can choose coverage and enroll in ARC-County or PLC, which provides crop-by-crop protection, or ARC-Individual, which protects the entire farm. Although election changes for 2023 are optional, producers must enroll through a signed contract each year. Also, if a producer has a multi-year contract on the farm and makes an election change for 2023, they must sign a new contract. If producers don’t submit their election by the March 15 deadline, their elections remain the same as their 2022 election for crops on the farm. “It’s that time of year for producers to consider all their risk management options,” says Farm Service Agency Administrator Zach Ducheneaux. *********************************************************************************** October Fed Beige Book Updates Ag Economy Conditions The Federal Reserve Board released its October 2022 Beige Book, which provides as update on current conditions in the agricultural economy. Ag conditions in the sixth district near Atlanta were mixed as cotton growers noted softening demand, while row crop production remained sold. In Chicago’s seventh district, income expectations for producers were unchanged as most operations should be profitable despite rising input costs. Production forecasts in the eighth district of St. Louis declined for corn, rice, and soybeans. In Minneapolis’s eighth district, financial conditions remained strong even as higher input costs bite into profit margins. The tenth district of Kansas City shows strong financial conditions despite adverse developments tied to drought and input costs. The eleventh district of Dallas showed significant rainfall greatly improved drought conditions across much of the district, though it began to dry out again after the rainfall. Many eleventh-district areas had little-to-no crop production because of the drought. *********************************************************************************** Inflation Boosting Prices of Organic Products Ongoing inflation resulted in higher retail prices of organic fresh produce during the third quarter of this year. The Organic Produce Network says that generated a 4.1 percent increase in total organic dollars but also contributed to a decline of 4.5 percent in organic volume compared to the same period last year. Overall, organic fresh produce pricing per pound increased by 8.9 percent during the third quarter compared to the same time in 2021. Sales during the third quarter topped $2.4 billion this year. At the same time, conventional produce’s average price per pound increased by more than 10 percent, with total sales of almost $18 billion. Tomatoes were the bright spot for organic sales in the third quarter, thanks to a 19 percent increase in volume and a hefty 30 percent increase in dollars. Fourteen of the top categories posted year-over-year increases in dollars, led by potatoes, onions, and peaches. *********************************************************************************** EDF Report says Crop Yields will Slow by 2030 The Environmental Defense Fund says extreme heat, changing rainfall, and other climate change impacts will make it harder to grow U.S. staple crops as soon as 2030. The group says future food supplies and farmer livelihoods will be at stake without adaptation efforts getting underway immediately. The EDF report uses an ensemble of 20 computer models to analyze how climate change will alter the yields of staple crops in Iowa, Minnesota, and Kansas by 2030 and 2050. By 2030, nearly all counties in Iowa will see corn yields more than five percent lower than they would have been without climate change. More than half will see declines of 10 percent or more. Over half of Minnesota’s counties will see soybean yields drop by over five percent. Seventeen percent will see drops of more than 10 percent. Eight percent of Kansas counties will see winter wheat yields drop by over five percent by 2030. *********************************************************************************** Winners Announced in National Wheat Yield Contest The National Wheat Yield Contest announced the 2022 winners. Rylee Reynolds of Twin Falls County, Idaho, set a contest yield record of 231.37 bushels an acre. That tops the previous record of 211 bushels per acre set in 2019. Rylee and his dad Gary both placed as national winners in the winter wheat irrigated category. In other results, the Pacific Northwest had some excellent yields this year as all four Bin Buster Award winners are from that region of the country. The contest encourages wheat growers to strive for high yield, quality, and profit while trying out new and innovative strategies for managing their wheat crop. The National Wheat Foundation, which puts on the contest, says there was exceptional participation from all over the nation’s top wheat-growing states. State winners are announced in 27 states, and six of those winners had never won at the national level before this year. *********************************************************************************** Educational Opportunities Ahead at the Cattle Industry Convention The 30th annual Cattlemen’s College will precede the 2023 Cattle Industry Convention and Trade Show on February 1-3 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The educational opportunity draws more than 1,000 attendees every year and includes two days of learning, idea sharing, and networking. The college begins on Tuesday, January 31, with some of the biggest topics in the industry, including the latest in grazing and live cattle handling demonstrations. There are 18 sessions and six educational tracks to choose from on Wednesday, including reproduction technology, herd health, practical nutrition management, better beef business, sustainable grazing, and the latest in genetics. The event concludes with a keynote presentation from Ray Starling of Aimpoint Research. There’s a lot of information at the event, and it’s likely not possible to attend everything in person. To make it easier to access the content, all sessions will be recorded and available for registered attendees. Go to convention.ncba.org for information.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday October 21, 2022 |

Friday Watch List Markets Traders continue to keep an eye on the latest weather forecasts, developments along the Mississippi River and outside market news, especially concerning Ukraine. USDA's Cattle on Feed report for Oct. 1 is due out at 2 p.m. CDT Friday and is expected to show 11.45 million head on feed, down nearly 1% from a year ago. Weather A pattern change is underway with a storm system set to drop down into the western states later today and through the weekend, bringing scattered showers to the Pacific Northwest. East of the Rockies it is quickly getting warmer than where we were just a couple of days ago. It is also very dry and increasing winds will lead to higher risks of fires in areas of drought, which are widespread in the country.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday October 20, 2022 |

USDA, USAID Announce Global Food Security Research Strategy Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack and USAID Administrator Samantha Power Wednesday released the U.S. government's Global Food Security Research Strategy. The strategy underscores the U.S. government's commitment to ending hunger and malnutrition and building medium to long-term sustainable, resilient food systems, according to USDA. The new research strategy emphasizes priority objectives and the use of data to help strengthen the impact of U.S. food security assistance and, with America's leadership, generate sustainable solutions for addressing the root causes of hunger and malnutrition, which are both inextricably linked to entrenched, extreme poverty. The research strategy will underpin the United States Government Global Food Security Strategy. Secretary Vilsack says, "Investment in, and support for, agricultural research and development is imperative so that the world's farmers have access to innovations that enhance productivity and efficiency." The strategy focuses on climate-smart agricultural innovations, improved nutrition through high-quality, affordable diets, and genetic improvement of resilient crops and livestock. *********************************************************************************** Lawmakers Urge FTC to Investigate Kroger-Albertsons Merger Senate Democrats urge the Federal Trade Commission to investigate the proposed merger between Kroger and Albertsons. The two are concerned about the transaction's potential implications for consumers. The group of lawmakers includes Minnesota's Amy Klobuchar, Connecticut's Richard Blumenthal and New Jersey's Cory Booker. In a letter to the FTC, the lawmakers say, "The grocery industry is essential to daily life, and Americans need the benefits that robust competition brings, namely lower prices, higher quality, and innovation." The lawmakers say the merger comes as food prices are elevated, and "too many American families are struggling to put food on the table." When Albertson’s merged with Safeway in 2015, the FTC found that the merger was likely to harm competition in 130 separate markets and required the company to sell more than 150 stores. Additionally, Klobuchar announced the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Competition Policy, Antitrust, and Consumer Rights, will hold a hearing in November to examine the proposed transaction. *********************************************************************************** Grassley, Ernst Urge EPA to Set Robust RFS Blending Volumes Iowa Senators Chuck Grassley and Joni Ernst Wednesday urged the Environmental Protection Agency to establish expanded renewable volume obligations in the upcoming "set" rule under the Renewable Fuel Standard. The Iowa Republicans Join South Dakota Republican John Thune and Illinois Democrat Dick Durbin to encourage the agency to increase blending obligations for all renewable fuel types. In a letter to the EPA, the lawmakers say, "Through this rulemaking, EPA has a historic opportunity to not only reinforce its efforts to restore integrity to the RFS, but chart a new course for biofuels that will help meet America's diverse energy demands." Additionally, the lawmakers urge EPA to take other actions to maximize uses for biofuels, including updating lifecycle analysis for biofuel emissions and approving additional fuel registrations under the RFS. Other Senators from Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, Ohio and Wisconsin also signed the letter to the EPA. *********************************************************************************** Florida Ag Losses Estimated at $1.5 Billion The University of Florida Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences this week released a preliminary assessment of the agricultural production losses associated with Hurricane Ian. The report, which considered crops, livestock, and animal products, estimates a potential loss of up to $1.56 billion for Florida producers. The Economic Impact Analysis Program conducts assessments after any event that disrupts Florida's agriculture industry, with assessments for Hurricane Ian initiated on September 29, 2022, through a survey to producers. Florida Agriculture Commissioner Nikki Fried says, "The impact on Florida's affected commodities cannot be understated, especially the heartbreaking damage to Florida citrus, an industry already facing significant challenges." The preliminary assessment may not account for damage in inaccessible areas or flood areas that cannot be evaluated until fields have dried out. The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumers Services is expected to release its own findings later this week. *********************************************************************************** Third-Party Use High for Employer H-2A Applications U.S. farmers who want to hire temporary foreign workers through the H-2A visa program usually work with a third party, according to USDA's Economic Research Service. The new data announced this week indicated third parties, such as agents, associations or a lawyer, to make the applications. Employers themselves filed applications for only 15 percent of all jobs requested. Across the U.S., agents filed applications for 45 percent of all H-2A jobs, an association of farm enterprises filed for 21 percent of jobs, and 19 percent came from a lawyer representing the farmer. However, the usage rates for third parties differ across states. For instance, lawyers tend to file for most of the jobs in California, while agents and associations account for almost two-thirds of the job filings in Florida. The H-2A program allows farm operators who foresee a shortage of domestic workers to bring nonimmigrant foreign workers to the U.S. temporarily to perform agricultural labor or services. *********************************************************************************** Student Leaders Prepare for the 95th National FFA Convention FFA members and supporters from across the country will celebrate agriculture and agricultural education next week during the 95h National FFA Convention & Expo in Indianapolis. More than 60,000 FFA members from the U.S., Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands are expected to participate in the event. Those attending will participate in general convention sessions hosted at Lucas Oil Stadium, be inspired by their peers as they are recognized for their accomplishments, and hear from keynote speakers. Convention attendees will also explore various career paths at the National FFA Expo, located in the Indiana Convention Center, participate in career success tours, and more. There are several entertainment opportunities, including a Wednesday night concert featuring Lauren Alaina and Jimmie Allen and a Thursday night concert with Mickey Guyton and Russell Dickerson, and rodeos on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday nights. General convention sessions will be aired live on RFD-TV and The Cowboy Channel. FFA members and supporters can tune in and watch gavel-to-gavel coverage of the event.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday October 20, 2022 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report is due out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Thursday, the same time as weekly U.S. jobless claims and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. A report on U.S. existing home sales in September and the Conference Board's index of U.S. leading indicators are due out at 9 a.m., followed by the Energy Department's weekly natural gas storage report at 9:30 a.m. Traders will keep an eye on weather and outside market news. Weather Ahead of a change in the upper-level pattern, temperatures are rising east of the Rockies from the cold conditions we have seen the last few days there. It will continue to be fairly dry outside of Michigan where some lake-effect showers will shut off later Thursday. The dryness will promote harvest and fieldwork, but increasing winds could be concerning for fires, especially in the Plains.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday October 19, 2022 |

Inflation Reduction Act Payments to Distressed Farmers Reaches $800 Million Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack Tuesday announced distressed farmers with qualifying USDA farm loans have already received nearly $800 million in assistance from the Inflation Reduction Act. The $3.1 billion in assistance for distressed farm loan borrowers stems from section 220006 of the Inflation Reduction Act. The legislation directed USDA to expedite assistance to distressed borrowers of direct or guaranteed loans administered by USDA's Farm Service Agency, whose operations face financial risk. Secretary Vilsack says the funding "helps keep our farmers farming and provides a fresh start for producers in challenging positions." The announcement kicks off a process to assist distressed farm loan borrowers using several complementary approaches, with the goal of keeping them farming, removing obstacles, and improving how USDA approaches borrowing and servicing. Work has already started to bring some relief to distressed farmers. As of today, more than 13,000 borrowers have already benefited from the resources provided under the Inflation Reduction Act, according to USDA. *********************************************************************************** Avian Flu Poultry Deaths Near U.S. Record Avian influenza losses are nearing a record in the United States this year, as the virus has infected more wild birds that transmit the disease. A new report from Reuters shows more than 47 million birds have died from infections and culling. The outbreak sparked export bans and lowered egg and turkey production, leading to tight supplies and higher prices as the Thanksgiving Day shopping period nears. The 47 million deaths are near the deadliest U.S. outbreak in 2015, where 50.5 million birds died or were culled. Rosemary Sifford, chief veterinary officer for the Department of Agriculture, says, "Unfortunately, what we've done probably hasn't been enough to protect us from this high load of virus in the wild bird population." Officials are finding the virus in a wide range of wild birds, and it seems to live longer in the birds. Since February, USDA reports the outbreak has infected flocks in 42 states. *********************************************************************************** Online Grocery Baskets Shrinking Online grocery buyers are spending more but buying less, according to a new report this week. The Grocery Doppio Performance Report shows digital sales improved in the third quarter of 2022, albeit lower than 2021 levels. The report shows 13.7 percent of all grocery sales in 2022 are digital, worth $87 billion. There was a 14.4 percent increase in digital sales in the third quarter of 2022 compared to the second quarter of the year. However, inflation is impacting what buyers are purchasing. The report shows shoppers' basket size declined by 5-6 items in the third quarter. Shoppers are faced with a 21 percent increase in price per item in 2022, and 73 percent of shoppers have moved to lower-priced brands in response to the increased prices. Meanwhile, grocery retailers face $2 billion in lost sales due to canceled online orders this year, and a $7.5 billion loss for items not in stock. *********************************************************************************** Online SNAP, P-EBT Totaled $9.7 Billion During Pandemic Online nutrition assistance recipients redeemed $9.4 billion in benefits during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. USDA’s Economic Research reported Tuesday the redemptions came from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP, along with the Pandemic Electronic Benefit Transfer benefits, or P-EBT. The programs allowed users to buy groceries online from authorized retailers. The pilot launched with several retailers in 2019 and early 2020 before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pilot opened to additional states and retailers in response to the pandemic. The number of participating retailers expanded significantly in the first two years of the pandemic. By December 2020, USDA authorized 13 retailers, growing to 116 in December 2021 and to 148 in March 2022. In 2020, SNAP and P-EBT recipients redeemed $1.5 billion in benefits online. In 2021, this amount more than quadrupled to $6.2 billion. Online redemptions in the first quarter of 2022 totaled $1.9 billion. *********************************************************************************** Florida Lawmakers Seek USDA Disaster Declaration A group of bipartisan lawmakers from Florida wants the Department of Agriculture to declare a disaster area for Florida counties impacted by Hurricane Ian. The lawmakers made the request last week in a letter to Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack. The letter also asked Vilsack to make assistance available to growers whose crops were damaged or destroyed. The letter states, "to ensure that they can recover from losses and continue their important service of feeding America, the expeditious approval of a disaster declaration is warranted and necessary in order to have a successful winter and spring harvest season." The lawmakers say Florida's growers have a unique role in the American food economy, as one of the only locations in the United States where major agricultural production can occur in the winter and spring months. Also last week, USDA's Economic Research Service reported Florida accounted for 1.7 percent of U.S. farm sector cash receipts in 2021. *********************************************************************************** Purdue, USDA, Release Online Freeze-date Tool A new interactive online tool for visualizing and exploring freeze-date trends and other climate patterns is available, thanks to Purdue University and the Department of Agriculture. Purdue’s Midwestern Regional Climate Center partnered with USDA’s Midwest climate hub to create the digital tool, which covers 25 states in the upper Midwest, the Northeast and Appalachia. The tool may interest producers of tree fruits, grapes and row crops such as corn and soybeans to help them take advantage of longer growing seasons. Agricultural advisors, weather forecasters, university Extension staffers and state climatologists also have expressed interest in the tool. While many think of a freeze at 32 degrees, farmers are interested in values that are colder or warmer. Corn and soybeans, for example, can survive 28 degrees, while fruit trees are more sensitive to freezing or near-freezing temperatures. And the freeze-date tool allows users to query their desired temperatures. You can find the Freeze Date tool on the Purdue website.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday October 19, 2022 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets A report on U.S. housing starts for September is due out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Wednesday, followed by the Energy Department's weekly inventory report at 9:30 a.m. CDT, including ethanol production. Traders will continue to watch the latest weather forecasts and any news that develops, especially regarding Russia's grain deal with Ukraine. The Federal Reserve's Beige Book will be out at 1 p.m., offering its latest assessment of the U.S. economy. Weather Widespread near-record cold conditions east of the Rockies have led to sub-freezing temperatures close to the Gulf of Mexico Wednesday morning. In the cold air, lake-effect rain and snow showers continue over eastern areas of the Lakes, annoying those with fieldwork to do. Otherwise, the drier conditions elsewhere are favorable. While still cold on Thursday, temperatures will be gradually rising for the rest of the week and weekend, starting in the Plains this afternoon.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday October 18, 2022 |

USDA Opens 2023 Dairy Margin Coverage Program Enrollment Dairy producers can now enroll for 2023 coverage through the Dairy Margin Coverage Program. The program helps dairy farmers manage changes in milk and feed prices. Enrollment for the program began Monday and runs through December 7. Last year, USDA’s Farm Service Agency took steps to improve coverage, especially for small- and mid-sized dairies, including offering a new Supplemental DMC program and updating its feed cost formula to better address retroactive, current and future feed costs. DMC is a voluntary risk management program that protects dairy producers when the difference between the all-milk price and the average feed price—the margin—falls below a certain dollar amount selected by the producer. National Milk Producers Federation President and CEO Jim Mulhern encouraged dairy producers to consider the maximum coverage under the program. Mulhern says, "The current combination of high prices with costs that can be even higher illustrates the basic value of DMC for producers who can benefit from the program." *********************************************************************************** Federal Milk Marketing Order Forum Successfully Brings Sector Together The American Farm Bureau Federation is celebrating a successful Federal Milk Marketing Order Forum held over the weekend in Kansas City, Missouri. The National Milk Producers Federation, dairy cooperatives, processors, state dairy associations and dairy farmers joined AFBF for the event. The three-day event provided a platform for farmers’ voices to be heard while also answering the call from Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack to bring the dairy producer community together to discuss FMMO modernization. Discussions at the forum focused on Class price formulas and de-pooling, among other topics. The American Farm Bureau Federation and the National Milk Producers Federation agreed on a joint statement regarding the need for FMMO improvements. A number of dairy organizations attending the event also supported the joint AFBF-NMPF statement. The AFBF-NMPF statement reads: “With the last major update to the FMMO system occurring in 2000, we believe it is time to consider improvements that better reflect today’s milk markets.” *********************************************************************************** 16,000 Farmers, Ag Organizations, Submit Comments on EPA Atrazine Proposal More than 16,000 farmers and agricultural organizations recently united against EPA's proposed revision to its 2020 atrazine registration review decision. The farmers and agricultural organizations representing corn, citrus, grain sorghum, sugar cane, and other crops, submitted comments calling for the agency to base decisions on credible scientific evidence. Efforts to help farmers speak out against the proposal were coordinated by the Triazine Network, a diverse coalition of state and national agricultural groups that rely on atrazine and other triazine herbicides to control weeds. The atrazine comment period ended on October 7. In their comments, growers expressed frustration with the EPA's lack of transparency and its repeated efforts to implement measures that would end effective use of atrazine for weed control. In addition to the ultra-low 3.4 ppb level, EPA doubled and tripled down by creating an over-predictive model that predicted 72 percent of U.S. corn acres would be in violation. *********************************************************************************** Growth Energy: Access to E15 Would Save Drivers more than $20 Billion A new study from Growth Energy found nationwide access to E15 could save drivers billions in annual fuel costs, create new jobs, and return billions to the U.S. economy. The study, conducted by ABF Economics, follows months of record-high gas prices across the country and President Joe Biden's emergency waiver to allow the sale of E15 for the 2022 summer driving season. The study says a nationwide transition to E15 would also put an additional $36.3 billion in income into the pockets of American households, support an additional 188,000 jobs, and generate $66.3 billion for the U.S. Gross Domestic Product. Growth Energy CEO Emily Skor responds, “Today's study shows that expanded, year-round access of this higher biofuel blend can provide a much-needed boost to the farm economy and even greater savings to American families." E15 is currently sold at over 2,700 stations across 31 states, and drivers have chosen the biofuel blend to fuel 35 billion miles total. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Durum Production Increasing, Food Use Remains Stable U.S. durum wheat production is expected to increase in the 2022/23 marketing year after last year’s drought reduced production to its lowest in 60 years. USDA’s Economic Research Service reported Monday production in 2022/23 is forecast at 64 million bushels, up 70 percent from the previous marketing year, but below the average of the previous five years. Durum wheat is the primary class of wheat used to produce pasta. Food use of durum was elevated in marketing years 2019/20 and 2020/21, fueled by surging consumer demand during the COVID-19 pandemic, when shoppers stocked up on pasta while in quarantine. While the surge in demand has since subsided, consumer prices for wheat-based products, including pasta, are up substantially in 2022. This year's larger durum crop, along with larger Canadian production, has eased some supply pressure. However, high commodity prices in general and elevated input, labor, and energy costs have each contributed to higher prices for the manufactured products of wheat, including pasta. *********************************************************************************** Weekly Gas Prices Reverse, Diesel Higher The nation's average gas price declined for the first time in four weeks, falling 5.4 cents from a week ago to $3.86 per gallon. The national average is up 20.6 cents from a month ago and 56.6 cents per gallon higher than a year ago. The national average diesel price increased 18.7 cents in the last week and stands at $5.26 per gallon. GasBuddy's Patrick De Haan says, “We’ve seen an abrupt, yet expected decline as refinery issues have eased in the West and Great Lakes, overpowering some increases elsewhere.” In addition, oil prices have cooled off slightly after OPEC+’s decision to cut production, and that should slow increases elsewhere. Diesel and heating oil prices will likely continue to rise as extremely low inventories of middle of the barrel products like these two push prices higher. According to data from the Energy Information Administration, oil supplies last week surged nearly 10 million barrels.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday October 18, 2022 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets The Federal Reserve's report of U.S. industrial production in September is the only significant report for Tuesday, due out at 8:15 a.m. CDT. Traders will keep close attention on the latest weather forecasts, news from Ukraine and at 1 p.m., some will take a look at USDA's monthly Livestock, Dairy and Poultry outlook. Weather Cold air that has drifted southward is resulting in widespread frosts and freezes Tuesday morning for much of the country east of the Rockies. This is record cold for some areas. The cold air is pretty dry outside of the Great Lakes where lake-effect showers continue as a mix of rain and snow, which will be an annoyance for those still looking to complete some fieldwork and harvest.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday October 17, 2022 |

USDA Releases Proposed Regulatory Framework on Reducing Salmonella The USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service released a proposed regulatory framework for a new strategy to control Salmonella contamination and reduce illnesses from poultry products. The agency will host a virtual public meeting on November 3 to get input from stakeholders on the framework. The proposed framework has three components: requiring that incoming flocks be tested for Salmonella before entering an establishment; enhancing establishment process control monitoring and FSIS verification; last is implementing an enforceable final product standard. “We know that Salmonella in poultry is a complex problem with no single solution,” says USDA Deputy Undersecretary Sandra Eskin. “We have identified a series of strategic actions FSIS could take that are likely to drive down Salmonella infections linked to poultry product consumption, and we are pressing those in this proposed framework.” For more information on the virtual meeting, go to the Meetings and Events page on the FSIS website. *********************************************************************************** NCC Says New FSIS Salmonella Framework Lacks Data, Research The USDA announced its new regulatory framework in an effort it says would help reduce Salmonella illnesses associated with poultry products. “We support the need to develop science-based approaches that will impact public health, but this is being done backward,” says Dr. Ashley Peterson, National Chicken Council senior vice president of scientific and regulatory affairs. “The agency is formulating regulatory policies and drawing conclusions before gathering data, much less analyzing it, which is called speculation.” The NCC says the facts show that the Centers for Disease Control and FSIS’s own data demonstrate progress and clear reductions in Salmonella in U.S. chicken products. “Increased consumer education about proper handling and cooking of raw meat must be part of any framework going forward,” Peterson says. “Proper handling and cooking of poultry is the last step, not the first, that will help eliminate any risk of foodborne illness. We’ll do our part to promote safety.” *********************************************************************************** Land O’ Lakes Launches “Farmers are Incredible” Campaign Land O’ Lakes is celebrating National Farmers Day by raising consumer awareness of the critical role that farmers play in society by launching the “State of the American Farmer” survey. The survey revealed some of the misconceptions that Americans have about the state of farming. On average, Americans believe that less than half of all farms are family-owned and operated and that just 43 percent of what they buy comes from family farms. Despite some misconceptions, most Americans are interested in the source of their food. Nearly all of the survey respondents say it’s at least somewhat important that their groceries be sourced sustainably. To show support for farmers, Land O’ Lakes launched “Farmers are Incredible,” a multiplatform creative campaign rooted in celebrating National Farmers Day. The goal is to emphasize the year-round importance of farmers and the agriculture industry. The campaign features the co-op’s farmer members and their work. *********************************************************************************** Corn Belt Farmland Price Sets New Record A recent farmland sale in Iowa set a new record for the Corn Belt. In Plymouth County, Iowa, farmland was sold for $26,250 per acre. Ag Web Dot Com says Brock Auction Company brokered the sale, which included 55 acres of high-quality farmland. That put the total bill at $1.44 million. The bidding began at $17,000 per acre, and three bidders each topped $25,000 per acre, with a local farmer getting the winning bid. This sale now holds a record high for farmland prices. It’s bigger than the last number one sale price from August, when a farm in Sioux County, Iowa, sold for $26,000 per acre. A Plymouth County, Iowa farm recently sold for $25,000 per acre. Numbers in Iowa appear to be up across the board. The Iowa Chapter of the Realtors Land Institute says the value of high-quality cropland is $14,472 per acre, up almost 17 percent from September 2021. *********************************************************************************** Farm Bureau Announces Farm Bill Priorities The American Farm Bureau released its top priorities for the 2023 Farm Bill, easily the most consequential legislation for agriculture next year. The overarching priorities include continuing the current farm bill program funding levels and maintaining a unified farm bill that includes nutrition programs and farm programs together. Farm Bureau also favors prioritizing risk management tools that include federal crop insurance and commodity programs and ensuring adequate USDA staffing and resources to provide technical assistance. “Since the farm bill was enacted in 2018, farmers have faced significant challenges from market volatility, increased input costs, and devastating natural disasters,” says AFB President Zippy Duvall. “We need long-term stability.” Their priorities include more than 60 recommendations over multiple farm bill titles. Other recommendations include reference price increases for commodities, more transparency for milk checks, funding for conservation programs, rural development, and streamlining of nutrition programs to get food to those who need it most. *********************************************************************************** Ethanol Output Jumps to Highest Level in a Month The Energy Information Administration says U.S. ethanol production jumped to its highest level in almost a month during the week ending on October 7. Ethanol output rose to an average of 932,000 barrels per day, the largest production level since the week ending on September 9 and up from the 889,000 produced during the prior week. The Midwest is the biggest ethanol-producing area in the country, and output surged to an average of 881,000 barrels a day, the highest level in a month and up from 840,000 a week earlier. East Coast production jumped to 10,000 barrels a day, up from 3,000 barrels the week before. Rocky Mountain output was unchanged, while production dropped on the Gulf Coast by 7,000 barrels a day and 1,000 on the West Coast. Ethanol inventories rose to 21.86 million barrels in the seven days ending on October 7, up from 21.68 million barrels a week earlier.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday October 17, 2022 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, traders will stay on top of the latest weather forecasts and news developments, especially from Ukraine after Russia's President Putin suggested Friday missile attacks were no longer needed. USDA's weekly report of export inspections has become on way of tracking problems on the Mississippi River and is due out at 10 a.m. CDT, followed by Crop Progress at 3 p.m. Also, the National Oilseeds Processors Association will release its estimate of members' soybean crush late Monday morning. Weather A strong cold front pushed south through the country over the weekend. It will continue its journey into the Gulf of Mexico Monday, bringing scattered showers to parts of Texas. But the bigger story is the very cold air filling in behind the front. Widespread frosts and freezes will occur over the next few nights, getting down to Oklahoma, northern Mississippi and Alabama tonight. The cold pushes closer to the Gulf of Mexico for later this week. Cold air moving over the Great Lakes is causing a mix of lake-effect rain and snows that continues the next couple of days, annoying those with fieldwork to do.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday October 14, 2022 |

Consumer Price Index Summary The Consumer Price Index rose 0.4 percent in September on a seasonally adjusted basis, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported Thursday. The food index increased 0.8 percent in September, the same increase as August. The food at home index rose 0.7 percent in September as all six major grocery store food group indexes increased. The index for fruits and vegetables rose 1.6 percent, while the index for cereals and bakery products rose 0.9 percent. The index for meats, poultry, fish, and eggs rose 0.4 percent, while the index for nonalcoholic beverages increased 0.6 percent in September. The dairy index rose 0.3 percent in September, the same increase as the previous month. The food away from home index rose 0.9 percent in September, as it did in August. The food at home index rose 13.0 percent over the last 12 months, and the index for food away from home rose 8.5 percent over the last year. *********************************************************************************** MacKenzie Scott Gift to 4-H to Strengthen Workforce The National 4-H Council Thursday shared details of the $50 million unrestricted gift from writer and philanthropist MacKenzie Scott, announced in February. The gift will help close the opportunity gap for America's youth. Over the next five years, National 4-H Council will allocate $10 million to strengthen the 4-H workforce and optimize 4-H youth programming. The investment will accelerate 4-H's ability to meet the needs of young people today and tomorrow while providing the professional development and training required to deliver quality, relevant and impactful programming. The Board will preserve the remainder of the gift for the long term to ensure that National 4-H Council can sustain programs and activities that have the greatest benefits for 4-H youth development in the future and to ensure the gift's enduring impact. The National 4-H Council Board made its investment decisions based on an inclusive process undertaken over six months with extensive input from Cooperative Extension and land-grant university leaders. *********************************************************************************** USDA Seeks Comment on Program Assisting Producers Who Have Experienced Discrimination The Department of Agriculture seeks public comment on how it should implement Section 22007 of the Inflation Reduction Act. The provision aims to assist the nation’s farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners who experienced discrimination in USDA’s farm lending programs. Section 22007 provides a transformative opportunity for USDA to help farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners impacted by discrimination in USDA farm lending programs. IRA Section 22007 directs USDA to provide financial assistance to producers who have experienced discrimination in USDA’s farm lending programs and has appropriated $2.2 billion for this purpose. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack says, “These actions further build on USDA’s commitment to use all the tools it has available to help farmers.” The request for information in the Federal Register asks several questions on how USDA should design and administer the program. The 30-day comment period opens Friday, October 14, and closes on November 14, 2022. USDA values your input and welcomes all comments. *********************************************************************************** Grains Council Holds Export Exchange in Minneapolis More than 200 international buyers and end-users of coarse grains and co-products from more than 50 countries are gathering in Minneapolis for Export Exchange 2022 to end the week. The event is co-sponsored by the U.S. Grains Council, Growth Energy and the Renewable Fuels Association. Export Exchange offers attendees an unparalleled opportunity to meet and build relationships with domestic suppliers of corn, distiller's dried grains with solubles, sorghum, barley and other commodities. U.S. Grains Council president and CEO Ryan LeGrand says, “It is essential for us to strengthen the bonds between suppliers and partner countries, and the connections made this week will not only help propel our industry this year, but for years to come.” The global buyers were grouped into 20 trade teams that have either been in the U.S. ahead of Export Exchange or will continue their visits after the event to explore American agriculture practices and tour facilities. *********************************************************************************** Florida Accounted for 1.7 Percent of U.S. Farm Sector Cash Receipts in 2021 New data from the Department of Agriculture shows Florida accounted for 1.7 percent of U.S. farm sector cash receipts in 2021. USDA's Economic Research Service estimates the previous year's farm sector cash receipts—the cash income received from agricultural commodity sales. The data includes state-level estimates, which offer background information about states subject to unexpected events that affect the agricultural sector, such as Hurricane Ian. In 2021, commodities produced in Florida contributed about $7.5 billion, or 1.7 percent, of the $434 billion in total U.S. cash receipts. Floriculture, the cultivation of flowers, accounted for the largest share of Florida's cash receipts, valued at $1.1 billion. The next largest commodities in Florida in terms of cash receipts were oranges, at $670 million, sugarcane at $553 million, cattle and calves at $546 million, and milk $470 million. Florida led the nation in cash receipts for sugarcane, cabbage, cucumbers, watermelon, sweet corn, and snap beans. *********************************************************************************** Taziki's Doubles Down with American Lamb Taziki's Mediterranean Café and the American Lamb Board teamed up this summer to promote a new Mediterranean Lamb Burger, made with two patties of 100% American Lamb. The promotion ran from June through September. Dan Simpson, CEO of Taziki’s, says, “Our guests loved the Mediterranean flair added to comfort food and sales surpassed our expectations.” Headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, Taziki’s Mediterranean Café has 90 locations spanning across 16 states nationally, with most locations in the Southeast. Because of its popularity, about 50 percent of the Taziki’s locations continued to offer the lamb burger for an additional month beyond the promotion period. A similar promotion was featured last year with great results, which led to a repeat feature in 2022. American Lamb Board chairman Peter Camino says, “We thank Taziki’s for their commitment to using American Lamb in their lamb burgers. Serving local lamb supports the nation's shepherds and their families.”

| Rural Advocate News | Friday October 14, 2022 |

Friday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report is set for 7:30 a.m. CDT Friday and expectations remain low, while barge traffic is restricted along the Mississippi River. A report on U.S. retail sales for September is also out at 7:30 a.m., followed by the University of Michigan's early consumer sentiment index for October at 9 a.m. Traders will continue to keep an eye on the latest weather forecasts and outside market news, especially anything pertaining to Ukraine and the grain deal with Russia. Weather A storm system continues to spin around Ontario, Canada on Friday. In the cold air wrapping around the system, some isolated showers continue in the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes, including a few snowflakes. Breezy winds also continue across a good chunk of the country as well. In drier areas, there is an increased fire risk.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday October 13, 2022 |

Combine Sales Grow, Tractor Sales Drop in September Combine harvester sales rose during September in both the U.S. and Canada, while total tractor sales fell in both countries. Data from the Association of Equipment Manufacturers says total U.S. ag equipment unit sales stayed above the five-year average for the second month since April. Total farm tractor sales fell 12.8 percent in September compared to last year, while U.S. self-propelled combine sales for the month rose 6.6 percent, slowing gains made in August. The 100-plus horsepower two-wheel-drive tractor segment was once again the only positive segment in the U.S., up 9.6 percent from August. In Canada, growth was led by combine harvesters, up 105 percent. Overall unit sales for tractors were down one percent. “The ag equipment market, as with most markets for manufactured goods, is turbulent,” says Curt Blades, senior vice president of industry sectors and product leadership with AEM. “Supply chain difficulties continue to weigh on manufacturers’ deliveries.” *********************************************************************************** Soy Checkoff Supports Research to Expand Export Infrastructure The United Soybean Board announced it is investing $400,000 to help provide efficient access and bolster international trade markets for U.S. soybean meal. The money will be used for the research, analysis, and design costs of the Port of Grays Harbor’s Terminal Four Expansion and Redevelopment Project. The terminal in Aberdeen, Washington, plays an important role in international exports. “The Port of Grays Harbor is critical in expanding high-value soybean meal exports,” says Tony Johanson, USB director and Soy Transportation Coalition board member. “Our farmers remain committed to enhancing and maintaining U.S. infrastructure to help sustain our competitive advantage over global competitors.” Scheduled to be operational in 2025, the upgrades will allow the terminal to increase soybean meal exports from three to six million metric tons. To accommodate the growth, the Port of Grays Harbor will expand the rail infrastructure, allowing the terminal to handle the volume and mitigate traffic congestion. *********************************************************************************** USDA Investing $110 Million to Improve Rural Healthcare USDA Rural Development Undersecretary Xochitl (zo-CHEEL) Torres Small announced that the agency is awarding $110 million in grants to improve healthcare facilities in rural towns across America. These grants will help 208 rural healthcare organizations expand critical services for five million people in 43 states and Guam. “Access to modern and sustainable healthcare infrastructure is critical to the health, well-being, and prosperity for the millions of people who live in rural and tribal communities,” she says. “That’s why we are committed to making sure that the people who need it most, no matter where they live, have access to high-quality and reliable health services like urgent care, primary care, and dental care.” Torres Small also says through the Emergency Rural Health Care Grants, USDA is being a ”strong partner” to people across 43 states and Guam. The investments will help build, renovate, and equip rural hospitals and clinics. *********************************************************************************** October WASDE Report Shows Lower Corn, Soybean Production USDA’s October World Ag Supply and Demand Estimates and Crop Production Reports call for lower U.S. corn and soybean production. The corn outlook is for reduced supplies, greater feed and residual use, lower exports and corn used for ethanol, and smaller ending stocks. Corn production is forecast at 13.8 billion bushels, down 49 million on a reduction in yield to 171.9 bushels per acre. Corn supplies are forecast at 15.32 billion bushels, with the season-average corn price up five cents to $6.80. U.S. oilseed production is forecasted at 126.9 million tons, down 1.6 million from September. Soybean production is forecast at 4.3 billion bushels, down 65 million on lower yields now projected at 49.8 bushels. Supplies dropped by 31 million bushels, with the season-average soybean price down 35 cents to $14.00. The wheat outlook is for lower supplies, domestic use, exports, and stocks. The season-average farm price rose 20 cents to $9.20. *********************************************************************************** NCBA Says Google Feature Misrepresents Beef The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association denounced Google’s decision to bias consumers against beef through their new sustainability search feature. NCBA says that feature provides inaccurate climate information about cattle production. “Google is using its billions of dollars of resources to target cattle producers and ignore the science that demonstrates beef’s sustainability and value to the environment,” says NCBA President Don Schiefelbein (SHEEF-ell-byne). “Cattle producers have a record of continuous improvement, which has led to the U.S. recording the lowest global greenhouse gas emissions from beef while contributing to the world’s food security.” NCBA also says cattle production protects green space, upcycles grass and forages, and provides consumers with a lean source of protein packed with essential nutrients. “Google should seriously reconsider this feature,” Schiefelbein adds. NCBA points out that livestock play an important role in protecting open spaces and accounts for only a very small portion of greenhouse gas emissions. *********************************************************************************** Railroad Union Votes Down Labor Contract, Strike Looming The Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employees Division of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters rejected a tentative labor contract brokered between rail carriers and workers’ union reps. The third-largest rail workers union in the country was the first union to say no to a deal brokered in part by the Biden administration. The union voted the deal down 6,646 to 5,100. President Tony Cardwell told Politico that workers “resent the fact that management holds no regard for their quality of life, illustrated by their stubborn reluctance to provide a higher quantity of paid time off, especially for sickness.” Negotiations will restart, resetting the countdown on a potential strike. The union says it will delay any strike until five days after Congress reconvenes. Four other unions approved the tentative agreement. However, every one of the 12 unions representing employees must ratify their contracts to prevent a strike. Voting will be finished by mid-November.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday October 13, 2022 |

Thursday Watch List Markets Thursday morning's reports will start at 7:30 a.m. CDT with attention on the Labor Department's consumer price index for September, following a producer price report that came in higher than expected Wednesday. U.S. weekly jobless claims and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor will also be out at the same time. The Energy Department's natural gas storage report will be out at 9:30 a.m., followed by the weekly energy inventory report at 10:00 a.m. The Treasury's budget report for September is due out at 2 p.m. USDA's weekly export sales report is set for Friday morning, due to this week's federal holiday. Weather A cold front continues to press eastward through the country on Thursday with scattered showers. Cold air continues to funnel in behind the front across most of the country east of the Rockies. Breezy winds continue Thursday, especially in the Plains, which increases the fire risk.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday October 12, 2022 |

Ag Groups Argue Against Prop 12 in Supreme Court Agriculture groups argued against California's Proposition 12 to the Supreme Court Tuesday. The American Farm Bureau Federation and National Pork Producers Council challenged the ability of one state to set agricultural production standards for the entire country. California's Proposition 12 law bans the sale of pork from hogs that don't meet the state's arbitrary production standards, even if the hogs were raised outside of California. AFBF President Zippy Duvall says, "Proposition 12's misguided approach will ultimately cost every family through higher food prices." The National Cattlemen's Beef Association also supports AFBF and NPPC. NCBA Vice President of Government Affairs Ethan Lane says, "While this case is not focused on cattle producers, the precedent set by the court will determine all producers' ability to engage in interstate commerce." Earlier this year, NCBA filed an amicus brief before the court arguing that California's mandates on livestock production methods violated the dormant commerce clause of the Constitution. *********************************************************************************** Biden Administration Invests $80 Million to Improve Nutrition in School Meals The Biden Administration Tuesday provided $50 million in grants for schools to invest in new food service equipment that will allow them to continue serving nutritious meals. The funding adds to the $30 million equipment grants the administration gave schools earlier this year. The announcement comes during National School Lunch Week, as designated by President Joe Biden. The added support for school meals and child nutrition builds on the momentum from last month's White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition and Health, where the administration unveiled a national strategy to end hunger and reduce diet-related disease by 2030. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack says, "Ensuring access to nutritious school meals is one of the best investments we can make in our fight to end child hunger and improve health." USDA provides grant funds to states, which use a competitive application process to award them to school districts participating in the National School Lunch Program. *********************************************************************************** Global Food Insecurity Increased Nearly 10 Percent in 2022 New research from USDA’s Economic Research Service announced Tuesday shows global food insecurity increased by nearly ten percent in fiscal year 2022. USDA’s International Food Security Assessment model estimates how food prices and incomes affect food demand and access in 77 low- and middle-income countries. Food security is then evaluated by estimating the population unable to access sufficient calories to sustain a healthy, active lifestyle. Of the people in countries included in the 2022 assessment, almost 119 million more people are estimated to be food insecure compared to 2021. The upward trend in international prices for wheat, coarse grains, and vegetable oils during the 2021/22 marketing year has been further exacerbated by Russia's military invasion of Ukraine, which reduced exports of the commodities from the Black Sea region. Domestic prices of major grains in 2022 are projected to rise in 70 of the 77 countries included in the assessment, with the North Africa region being the most affected. *********************************************************************************** RIPE Urges Equitable Payments Above Costs for Conservation in Farm Bill Platform Rural Investment to Protect our Environment, or RIPE, announced its 2023 Farm Bill platform Tuesday. Shaped by farmers and ranchers across the country who lead RIPE, the platform urges organizations to include a resolution, based on RIPE100 principles, in their farm bill platform. The resolution states, “A portion of new funds appropriated by Congress for climate-smart agriculture should be invested in a new conservation program offering a simple enrollment process that enables producers — including early adopters — to earn equitable payments above implementation costs, economic losses during transition to new practices and future climate policy costs.” The recommendation comes as Congress considers how to best encourage climate-smart agriculture through the farm bill, including how to allocate $18 billion in new funds from the Inflation Reduction Act. RIPE is a producer-led organization advancing RIPE100 — a conservation program that would pay producers $100 per acre or animal unit for stewardship, offering equitable payments above costs associated with practice implementation. *********************************************************************************** University Of Illinois to Develop Corn for Diverse Organic Systems Decades of corn breeding efforts emphasizing yield have contributed to modern hybrids with shallower and less complex root systems than their predecessors. Because the breeding and selection of most modern hybrids has taken place in environments with high nutrient concentrations, optimal weed control, and soil moisture conditions, hybrids perform best under high input systems. With help from a new four-year, $1.5 million grant from USDA's National Institute for Food and Agriculture, a team of researchers at the University of Illinois plans to study overlooked attributes of corn roots. The new grant investigates maize roots for organic/regenerative systems and explores ways to manipulate the agroecosystem to optimize carbon storage, resource use efficiency, and productivity. The researchers will work with farmers to learn how they use information about crop and soil conditions to balance management goals. In addition to optimizing yield, the team will work to develop corn roots that respond to changing soil conditions that are driven by management, like rotation length and diversity. *********************************************************************************** USDA Invests $14M to Strengthen Hispanic-serving Higher Education Programs In recognition of National Hispanic Heritage Month, the Department of Agriculture Tuesday announced an investment of $14 million to Hispanic-serving higher education institutions. The funding supports Hispanic student learning experiences in the agricultural and human science sectors. The investment will help attract, retain and graduate outstanding students from underrepresented communities. USDA Deputy Secretary Jewel Bronaugh says Hispanic-serving higher education institutions “are our trusted partners in preparing the next generation of agriculture leaders that more fully represent the many diverse populations and voices in America.” The funding is part of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture's Hispanic-serving Institutions Education Grants Program. The grant program aligns the education institutes' efforts to support the academic development and career attainment of underrepresented groups. As part of the program, USDA awarded funding to New Mexico State University – Las Cruces, Northern Arizona University – Flagstaff, and University of Puerto Rico – Carolina, among other Hispanic-serving higher education institutions.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday October 12, 2022 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets Outside markets will be interested in the Labor Department's 7:30 a.m. CDT report on U.S. producer prices Wednesday, followed by minutes from the latest Federal Reserve meeting at 1 p.m. Grain traders are anticipating USDA's next WASDE and Crop Production reports, both due out at 11 a.m. CDT with updates on row crop harvest estimates and USDA's views on several other hot topics. Weather also remains a prime area of interest with rain needed in many areas. Weather A strong cold front is moving through the middle of the country early Wednesday and producing a broken line of showers from northern Oklahoma into Wisconsin. Additional showers are forming ahead of the front from Alabama up to the Great Lakes. The front will continue to sweep southeast throughout the day with light to moderate rainfall. Some thunderstorms could be stronger in the Delta region Wednesday afternoon. A secondary front moving just behind this first one by about 12 to 18 hours is making for more isolated showers across the Western Corn Belt. Breezy conditions behind this front continue to create an increased fire risk, but it will generally be breezy most places today.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday October 11, 2022 |

National School Lunch Week: USDA Serves 224 Billion Since 1971 President Joe Biden recently declared this week as National School Lunch Week. The annual declaration highlights how school meals remain a vital lifeline, supplying well-balanced, free or low-cost meals to kids across the country since the program began in 1946. USDA’s Economic Research Service also released a report analyzing data on school lunch meals served. USDA found that between 1971 and 2021, the National School Lunch Program served about 224 billion meals. Of these meals, 126.4 billion were served for free or at a reduced price. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 interrupted the operations of many schools through fiscal years 2020 and 2021. As a result, about 3.2 billion lunches were served through the program in 2020 and 2.2 billion in 2021, fewer than the 4.9 billion in 2019. The drop reflects the use of a USDA pandemic waiver allowing schools to serve meals through the Summer Food Service Program and the creation of the temporary Pandemic Electronic Benefit Transfer program. *********************************************************************************** Report: Plant-Based Products Appeal Wearing Off Plant-based food is a hot market, but plant-based meat alternative is not, according to a recent study by Deloitte Insights. The researchers say there are many contributing factors, including supply chain problems and a tough comparison point from an impressive prior year. However, data from Deloitte's Future of Fresh survey suggests three consumer-driven reasons for the current stagnation. The addressable market may be more limited than many thought. Dramatically improved taste in recent years unlocked new interest, but the portion of the population open to trying and repeat buying it may already have reached a saturation point. With inflation, fewer people are willing to pay a price premium. Willingness to pay a premium for plant-based alternative meat dropped nine percentage points from last year. Finally, some assumed benefits are being questioned by consumers. Even buyers of plant-based alternative meat are changing their views on some of its attributes. The biggest change is in health perceptions. *********************************************************************************** Mosaic Company Announces Hurricane Ian's Impact on its Fertilizer Producer The Mosaic Company recently announced that North American Phosphates was negatively impacted by damage caused by Hurricane Ian. Significant flooding and high winds were experienced throughout central Florida during the storm, and this caused modest damage to Mosaic Company facilities and supporting infrastructure. Early assessments indicate phosphate production could be down by approximately 200,000-250,000 metric tons, split roughly evenly between the third and fourth quarters of 2022. Repairs are expected to be completed over the next couple of weeks. In addition to production impacts, the timing of shipments was also affected by the storm. Phosphates sales volumes in the third quarter are now expected to total 1.60-1.65 million metric tons, as port and rail closures delayed late third quarter shipments to October. Mosaic plans to provide further updates when it reports third quarter results. The Mosaic company produces fertilizers in West Central Florida, where Hurricane Ian made landfall late last month. *********************************************************************************** NCC Announces 2023 Beltwide Cotton Conferences The National Cotton Council recently announced the 2023 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, set for January 10-12 at the New Orleans Marriott in New Orleans. The event offers attendees timely updates on the latest research, technology and issues affecting U.S. cotton production and processing. The BWCC, coordinated by the National Cotton Council, annually brings together the U.S. cotton industry to exchange information about cotton production. The BWCC's Consultants Conference will run the afternoon of January 10 and extend through the morning of January 11. The 12 cotton technical conferences will meet concurrently beginning on the morning of January 11 and conclude by noon on January 12. The Cotton Sustainability Conference will plan to focus on the U.S. Cotton Trust Protocol. The Cotton Engineering-Systems Conference is planning presentations on data analytics, robotics, remote sensing and unmanned aerial vehicles, among others. Those planning to attend are encouraged to register via the BWCC home page at www.cotton.org. *********************************************************************************** Walmart Foundation Teams Up with National FFA Foundation The Walmart Foundation Monday announced a $750,000 grant to the National FFA Foundation to incorporate sustainability principles in school education. The National FFA Foundation will leverage the expertise of the National FFA Organization to develop these educational resources. The National FFA Organization is working to ensure they meet the demand by educating the next generation of leaders. This generation will lead by example, act responsibly and create solutions to feed, clothe and fuel the world. National FFA Organization Chief Program Officer Christine White says, “The funding made available allows us to create new sustainability-focused education resources and programming that integrates current sustainable practices across multiple disciplines.” The focus of these resources will be to leverage the social influences of students by creating an inclusive program so all students enrolled in agricultural education can see how sustainability is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. *********************************************************************************** National Average Fuel Prices Edge Higher Again The nation’s average gas price climbed for the third straight week, rising 13.8 cents from a week ago to $3.92 per gallon. The national average is up 22.5 cents from a month ago and 67.0 cents per gallon higher than a year ago. The national average price of diesel increased 18.0 cents in the last week to $5.04 per gallon. OPEC+ decided to cut oil production by two million barrels a day recently, causing an oil price surge of 20 percent, largely the reason for the increase in fuel prices. However, some refinery issues that increased prices appear to be improving in the West and Great Lakes. GasBuddy’s Patrick De Haan says, “prices in those two regions are likely to inch down, even with OPEC’s decision, as the drop in wholesale prices has offset the rise due to the production cut.” According to GasBuddy, U.S. retail gasoline demand fell last week by 0.3 percent.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday October 11, 2022 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets With Columbus Day behind, Tuesday may feel like a Monday as we will have USDA's weekly report of export inspections at 10 a.m. CDT and Crop Progress update at 3 p.m. Traders will continue to keep an eye on the latest weather forecasts and outside market news, especially from Ukraine. Trading in grains may turn slow as the day wears on, ahead of Wednesday's WASDE and Crop Production reports. Weather Scattered showers are moving northeast from Texas into Missouri and Illinois Tuesday morning as an upper-level disturbance moves out ahead of a cold front that is sweeping into the Northern Plains. That front will move through most of the northwestern Corn Belt from Nebraska through Minnesota by tonight. The front will produce scattered showers and some thunderstorms, some of which may be severe from southeast Nebraska up into Wisconsin Tuesday evening and night. Breezy winds will occur both ahead of and behind the front, which increases the fire danger risk for those trying to harvest. The front is the first of two that will sweep through the country over the next couple of days.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday October 10, 2022 |

August Pork Exports Higher While Beef Again Tops $1 Billion U.S. pork exports in August topped year-ago totals for the first time in 2022. USDA data compiled by the U.S. Meat Export Federation shows beef exports were slightly above the large volumes of last August and once again surpassed $1 billion in value. “We talk about the importance of developing a wide range of markets for U.S. red meat, and the August numbers are a great example of that,” says USMEF President and CEO Dan Halstrom. “Exports face significant headwinds in some key destinations. However, the emphasis on broad-based growth pays dividends and allows the overall export picture to remain positive.” Pork exports reached 226,300 metric tons, the largest total since November 2021, while the value rose four percent to $659 million. Beef exports topped 133,800 metric tons, up one percent from last year and the second-largest volume on record, with the export value at just under $1.04 billion. *********************************************************************************** Dairy Industry Groups Hold Press Conference on Labor Shortage Groups like the American Business Immigration Coalition Action, the National Milk Producers Federation, the National Council of Farmer Cooperatives, and many others involved in U.S. dairy held a press conference on labor shortages. The press conference took place during the World Dairy Expo to help call attention to the urgency of fixing the national farm labor shortage by passing new agriculture workforce solutions in the Senate. Brody Stapel, president of the Edge Dairy Farmer Cooperative Board, says dairy is a unique industry with different challenges than any other sector of agriculture. “Our cows must be milked twice a day, every day, and our raw product is extremely perishable,” he says. “That makes a steady workforce that much more important.” Walt Moore, president of the American Dairy Coalition, applauded the House of Representatives for passing the Farm Workforce Modernization Act and said it’s urgent that Senators from across the country do the same. *********************************************************************************** Drought Conditions Cover 321 Million Acres of Crops Drought intensified in many of the nation’s top corn-growing states during the past week. Nationally, 321.6 million acres of crops are experiencing some level of drought, while more than 31 million beef cattle across the country are living with drought. The latest drought monitor map shows a pocket of D2 severe drought emerging in Illinois with poor crop conditions and low hay yield in that region. While drought conditions in Texas have improved recently, pockets of D4 exceptional drought are still present in one percent of the state. D3 extreme drought covers 12 percent of Texas. Drought also intensified in Minnesota, which saw its first area of D3 extreme drought since last December. Wisconsin’s D2 severe drought in the northwest corner spread out to cover four percent of the state. A small part of Iowa is experiencing D4 exceptional drought, while five percent of the Hawkeye State is experiencing D3 extreme drought. *********************************************************************************** World Food Prices Drop in September The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization says the Food Price Index averaged 136.3 points in September, 1.1 percent below August and the sixth-straight monthly decline. The decline was driven by a sharp fall in the international prices of vegetable oils and moderate decreases in those of sugar, meat, and dairy products. Together, that more than offset a rebound in the cereal price index, which averaged 147.8 points in September, a 1.5 percent rise from August. The Vegetable Oil Price Index averaged 152.6 points in September, down more than six percent from August month-on-month and the lowest level since February 2021. The Dairy Price Index averaged 142.5 points, down a half-percent from August and the third-consecutive monthly decline. However, that was still almost eight percent higher than the same time last year. The Sugar Price Index was 109.7 points, down 0.7 percent and its lowest level since July 2021. *********************************************************************************** Barge Operator Can’t Make Deliveries Due to Dry Mississippi River The largest barge operator in the U.S. told its customers last week that it won’t be able to make good on deliveries due to the shrinking Mississippi River. Bloomberg says Ingram Barge Company declared a force majeure in a letter to customers because of the “near-historic” low water along the Mississippi River. The river is the top way to get American grains exported to the world market. Drought has dropped the water level far enough that ships are beginning to run aground. The U.S. Coast Guard is responding to stuck vessels in at least two places, including Stack Island between Louisiana and Mississippi and upriver near Memphis. American Commercial Barge Line, another shipping company that uses the river to transport goods, says the drought is causing the most severe impact on navigation since 1988. The logjam comes at the worst time as grain harvest is in progress, and supplies will pile up. *********************************************************************************** NCGA: Collaboration Will Propel Climate Advancements Field to Market recently released a report titled Climate Action in U.S. Agriculture that showcases increasing climate commitments from its diverse membership sectors. The report essentially creates a clearinghouse of self-set sustainability and climate targets to give companies and organizations a one-stop shop to benchmark goals, drive performance, and promote accountability. Some of the key findings in the report include 73 percent of the members having public commitments on climate action, up from 68 percent in 2021. Of the 29 corporate members, 22 percent have set science-based targets for reducing emissions. Two of the five goals set by the National Corn Growers Association directly address climate concerns and are documented in the report. The goals are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 13 percent and increase energy efficiency by 13 percent. NCGA Sustainability Director Rachel Orf says the group is working to assist their growers in reaching those goals by 2030.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday October 10, 2022 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, federal offices and banks are closed Monday for Columbus Day. U.S. grain and livestock futures markets are open along with most other markets. USDA's weekly export inspections and crop progress reports will take place at their usual times, but on Tuesday instead of Monday. Traders will still pay attention to the latest weather forecasts and any pertinent news from the outside world, include weekend fighting in Ukraine. Weather Most of the country will be dry Monday, but scattered showers in West Texas will migrate northeast through Oklahoma later today and then into Missouri overnight. Showers will be welcome where they are received for those doing winter grains planting. Elsewhere in the country, conditions continue to favor the ongoing harvest.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday October 7, 2022 |

Biofuel Group Intervening in Legal Attack on RFS The Renewable Fuels Association recently filed a motion to intervene on behalf of the Environmental Protection Agency in a lawsuit over the Renewable Fuel Standard. The Center for Biological Diversity filed a lawsuit against the agency seeking a court review of EPA’s Renewable Volume Obligations under the RFS for compliance years 2020 through 2022. The RFA is intervening on behalf of the agency to help stress the importance of a strong Renewable Fuel Standard. The biofuel group’s goal is to “protect EPA’s substantial interest in the integrity of the RFS and investments RFA’s members have made in renewable fuels to support the program,” the motion states. “After years of mismanagement and setbacks by previous administrations, the Biden administration’s EPA is moving in the right direction on the RFS,” says RFA president and CEO Geoff Cooper. “We’re looking to intervene in the case so EPA can continue putting the RFS back on track.” *********************************************************************************** WTO: Contraction in Global Trade Growth During 2023 The World Trade Organization is predicting a slowdown in global trade growth next year. Reuters says the pullback is because of sharply-higher energy and food prices and rising interest rates that will limit import demand. The WTO also says global trade could contract further if the war in Ukraine worsens. For 2023, the organization sees trade growth at just one percent compared to a previous forecast of 3.4 percent growth. The WTO director-general says there’s a lot of unpredictability in its forecast, noting that the picture for 2023 is “considerably darker” and the risks for next year’s forecast were more toward the downside. Weather events hitting food-producing regions or damaging energy export infrastructure could further slow trade growth in 2023. The WTO is also warning countries against being tempted to put trade restrictions in place. The group says trade restrictions would only deepen inflationary pressures and reduce living standards. *********************************************************************************** Labor Department Tightens Some H-2A Rules The U.S. Department of Labor issued new rules for hiring H-2A workers that tighten housing and food standards. Industry Update Dot Com also says the new rules clarify that farm associations can be held liable for violations by individual farmers. The new rules canceled a series of broader changes proposed by the Trump administration, some of which were implemented in January 2020. The new rules will take effect on November 14, and the Labor Department says the rules will “strengthen worker protections, modernize and simplify the application process for H-2A and temporary labor certification, and ease the regulatory burden on employers.” The department emphasized in the rule that it doesn’t have legal authority to allow H-2A workers to work year-round in the country. H-2A workers are still limited to seasonal work only. The House-passed Agriculture Workforce Modernization Bill that stalled in the Senate would have allowed a limited number of year-round H-2A visas. *********************************************************************************** Minnesota Farmer is New NCGA President The National Corn Growers Association says Tom Haag (Hayg) of Eden Valley, Minnesota, is the organization’s next president. During an introductory news conference, Haag said the year is already shaping up to be a big one for America’s corn farmers. “There’s the next farm bill, the Next Generation Fuels Act, and that’s barely scratching the surface,” he says. “I’m focused on going all-in for corn farmers, but I can’t do it alone.” He also says it will take corn farmers working together to ensure their voice is heard in Washington, D.C., and to work on increasing demand for their product. “It’s hard to know in advance what other issues could come our way, but I am ready to tackle them together,” Haag says. Haag is a fourth-generation family farmer in south-central Minnesota and a former president of the Minnesota Corn Growers. He and his son Nathan raise 1,700 acres of corn and soybeans. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Cattlemen’s Association Applauds SEC Protection Bill More than 100 members of the U.S. House of Representatives introduced legislation that would shield agricultural producers from a climate disclosure rule proposed by the Securities and Exchange Commission. U.S. Cattlemen’s Association President Brooke Miller says, “U.S. farmers and ranchers absolutely need this exemption from the SEC’s climate disclosure proposal. Our producer-members already face nearly insurmountable proposed and ongoing regulatory burdens from an array of federal agencies.” Miller also says producers’ main job should be putting American beef on American plates, not managing the complex clerical duties of SEC compliance rules. The “Protect America’s Farmers from the SEC Act” prohibits the SEC from requiring an issuer of securities to disclose greenhouse gas emissions from upstream and downstream activities in the issuer’s value chain arising from a farm. The SEC’s proposed rule says registrants would be required to disclose information about their direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions and climate-related risks. *********************************************************************************** Beef Industry Scholarship Applications Open The National Cattlemen’s Foundation is accepting applications for the 2023-2024 CME Group Beef Industry Scholarship. Ten scholarships of $1,500 each will be awarded to outstanding students pursuing beef industry careers. “We are pleased to continue our decades-long collaboration with the National Cattlemen’s Foundation and NCBA to support and inspire the next generation of food producers through this scholarship program,” says Tim Andriesen, CME Group managing director of agricultural products. Eligible applicants must be graduating high school seniors or full-time undergraduate students enrolled at a two- or four-year institution. The application process includes writing a one-page letter expressing career goals related to the beef industry, a 750-word essay describing an issue in the beef industry and offering solutions to this problem, or two letters of recommendation. The applicant or a family member must be a member of the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association. The deadline is November 11. For information, go to nationalcattlemensfoundation.org.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday October 7, 2022 |

Friday Watch List Markets At 7:30 a.m. CDT, the U.S. Labor Department will report on nonfarm payrolls and the unemployment rate, both for September. Federal Reserve officials will add their own public comments after the reports and at 2 p.m., there is a report on August consumer credit. Traders will continue to watch the latest weather forecasts, especially for any rain chances that would help fill the Mississippi River or ease drought in the western Plains. Weather A strong cold front has been pushing through the Corn Belt over the past day and very cold air is filling in behind it. Temperatures in the Northern Plains have dropped down into the 20s and lower 30s for most areas, producing killing frosts this morning. The colder air will spread through the Corn Belt Friday with more frosts and freezes expected through the weekend. Showers are limited to Nebraska behind the front and across west Texas into Oklahoma, where they are welcome for winter wheat establishment. Other areas will remain dry and offer good harvest conditions despite the cold.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday October 6, 2022 |

Thune Introduces Bill to Improve Livestock Disaster Assistance Senators John Thune and Ben Ray Luján recently introduced the Livestock Disaster Assistance Improvement Act. The bipartisan legislation by the South Dakota Republican and New Mexico Democrat would improve the effectiveness and timeliness of multiple Department of Agriculture programs that assist farmers and ranchers in the aftermath of adverse weather events. The legislation would also provide USDA with direction to help improve the accuracy of the U.S. Drought Monitor, which triggers certain disaster programs. Thune says, “These common-sense updates to disaster programs would help provide greater and expedited assistance to farmers and ranchers when they need it the most.” The legislation would update the Emergency Conservation Program and Emergency Forest Restoration Program to clarify that state and federal grazing permit holders are eligible for these programs. The bill also allows the Farm Service Agency to waive the 30-day public comment period for Bureau of Land Management National Environmental Policy Act applications during a drought emergency, among other changes. *********************************************************************************** Senate Ag leadership Urges USDA to Expand Margin Protection Tools Leadership of the Senate Agriculture Committee recently urged the Department of Agriculture to expand margin protection tools under the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation. Citing record high input costs and extreme volatility in commodity prices, Senators Debbie Stabenow and John Boozman say the expansion would “allow producers the opportunity to familiarize themselves with these tools and better manage production cost risk by next fall.” Farmers are heading into the second consecutive planting season with elevated fertilizer and diesel prices while crop prices are getting more volatile. The letter to Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack urges margin protection, already in place for dairy, cattle and swine, and certain crops, should be thoughtfully expanded in a timely manner. As the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation considers expanding existing tools or developing new ones, the lawmakers say, "We urge the department to immediately prioritize additional and extensive risk management education for both producers and agents" on the policies currently available. *********************************************************************************** USDA Announces Farm and Food Workers Relief Program Organizations The Department of Agriculture this week announced 15 organizations to receive funding through the Farm and Food Workers Relief Grant Program. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack says, "The grant recipients today will help us provide relief payments to workers across the country who kept food moving to our families during an especially challenging time." The program, administered by USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service, uses funding to provide relief to farmworkers and meatpacking workers who incurred pandemic-related health and safety costs. Funding is also set aside for three pilot programs to support grocery workers in recognition of their essential role in the pandemic response. These organizations are now preparing systems and will begin implementing outreach so that eligible farmworkers, meatpacking workers, and grocery workers may apply to these grant recipients to receive $600 payments soon. USDA anticipates that beneficiaries will be able to apply for funds from some of these recipients as soon as late November. *********************************************************************************** Iowa Ag Secretary: Atrazine Restrictions Will Negatively Impact Conservation Efforts Iowa Agriculture Secretary Mike Naig this week submitted comments to the Environmental Protection Agency regarding the proposed restrictions on atrazine. One of the most widely used herbicides in corn production, the proposed revisions by EPA would severely limit the use of atrazine. Secretary Naig tells the EPA that further restricting the use of atrazine will negatively impact pest resistance management and conservation efforts. In his comments, Naig says, "The EPA proposed picklist approach to managing atrazine is complicated, costly, and not feasible for Iowa farmers, landowners, and pesticide applicators." Further, he urges the EPA to listen to feedback from farmers and "adopt atrazine use requirements that are based on the best available science." In October 2020, EPA received a petition alleging that the Agency violated its duties under The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act by issuing the atrazine reregistration without substantial evidence supporting the decision. The comment period on the proposal ends Friday. *********************************************************************************** Report: Global Farm Productivity Declining Global agricultural productivity growth is in steep decline, and current efforts to expand sustainable agriculture production to feed a growing global population are inadequate to deal with the challenges that the world faces. That's according to the 2022 Global Agricultural Productivity Report, produced by the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Virginia Tech. To sustainably produce food and agricultural products for more than nine billion people in 2050, agricultural productivity must increase an average of 1.73 percent annually. From 2011-2020, global agricultural productivity grew at an average of just 1.12 percent per year, a significant drop from the average growth rate of 1.99 percent from 2001-2010. Current efforts to accelerate productivity growth are inadequate, the climate will have a significant impact on production, and regional inequities around the world exacerbate the problem, the report says. Researcher Tom Thompson says, "We urgently need to reverse this trend so that we can improve food and nutrition security, sustainability, and resilience." *********************************************************************************** USDA Partnership Seeks Increase in Native American Homeownership The Department of Agriculture is providing $4 million in loans to expand the Native American Relending Pilot program. Two Native Community Development Financial Institutions will use the loan funds to expand homeownership opportunities for Native Americans living on tribal lands in South and North Dakota. Rural Development Undersecretary Xochitl (So-CHEEL) Torres Small says, “We are proud to partner with expert organizations that help us continue to drive economic security and prosperity for rural people.” USDA is providing the funding under the Single Family Housing Direct Loan program. Through this program, USDA provides loans to Native Community Development Financial Institutions, which relend the funds to eligible homebuyers to purchase homes on Native lands. USDA has helped nearly four million rural residents purchase homes since the passage of the Housing Act of 1949. Homeownership rates on Native American lands have historically been lower than those for other communities.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday October 6, 2022 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report is due out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Thursday, the same time as the weekly U.S. jobless claims and update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. At 9:30 a.m., the Energy Department has its weekly report of natural gas in storage. More Federal Reserve officials are set to speak and traders will continue to watch the latest weather forecasts. Weather A strong cold front moving through the Northern and Central Plains and Midwest on Thursday is causing temperatures to quickly fall behind it. Scattered frosts are occurring in the Red River Valley of the North Thursday morning, but will be much more widespread and colder Thursday night. Scattered showers are continuing over west Texas, which is a good sign for winter wheat establishment the next few days, but overall conditions continue to be good for harvest.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday October 5, 2022 |

Interest Rates Help Drive Farmer Sentiment Lower The Purdue University/CME Group Ag Economy Barometer’s farmer sentiment index dropped five points to 112 in September. The drop in farmer sentiment was primarily the result of producers’ weakened perception of current conditions. The Current Conditions Index dropped nine points to 109, and the Index of Future Expectations dropped three points to 113. Concerns about input costs and, in some cases, availability are key factors behind the relative weakness in this month’s farmer sentiment. A growing number of producers expressed concern about the impact of rising interest rates on their operations. High input costs were cited as the number one concern by 44 percent of the survey respondents, while 23 percent chose rising interest rates. Another 14 percent of respondents chose input availability as their biggest worry. The Farm Capital Investment Index also dropped as producers continue to indicate now is not a good time to make large investments in their farms. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Dairy Consumption is Rising Again The USDA’s annual report on per-capita dairy consumption saw an emphatic rise in domestic dairy demand. The level of demand rose from 655 pounds per person in 2020 to 667 pounds per person last year. That’s a total not seen since 1960, when it was 659 pounds, and is approaching 1959’s consumer total of 672 pounds. The last time America consumed this much dairy as they do today, Elvis was in the Army. While USDA data says fluid milk consumption has continued a slow decline, cheese continues to rise. American-style cheese consumption reached another record last year. Butter consumption is returning to levels unseen for several decades. Even as dairy consumption shifts, the overall trajectory is positive. The gain in 2021 is the seventh in the past eight years. The National Milk Producers Federation says despite more competition from non-dairy competitors, consumers continue to find dairy useful, preferable, and important. *********************************************************************************** Mexico’s Proposed GMO Corn Ban Will Cost U.S. Producers Billions A Mexican presidential decree to ban genetically modified corn in 2024 would have severe economic consequences for the U.S. and Mexican economies. A study from World Perspectives, Inc., says the move will result in a loss of billions for America’s farmers and higher prices for Mexican consumers. The net economic loss for the U.S. corn industry in the first year of the ban will be $3.56 billion. The U.S. ethanol industry, including DDGS, will incur a net loss of $521.5 million after accounting for gains from lower GM corn prices. Overall, the U.S. economy would lose $73.89 billion in economic output. During a ten-year forecast, the GM corn ban will increase the cost of corn by an average of 19 percent. That will inflate the cost of most foods and other goods for Mexicans. Poultry meat prices will jump by 67 percent because of a 13.7 percent increase in the cost of feed. *********************************************************************************** Southern Plains Economic Conditions Weakening Extremely dry conditions are putting a strain on the Fed’s Eleventh District. Ag bankers responding to a third-quarter survey report overall weaker economic conditions because of drought that’s pressuring agricultural production. The cotton crop and pastureland are especially hurting because of a lack of moisture. “The Southern Plains cotton crop is a disaster,” one survey participant says. “Almost all dryland crop has already been abandoned because of drought, and the irrigated crop still standing is pitiful.” Ag loan demand decreased during the third quarter of this year, the third-straight drop in the past three quarters. Loan renewals or extensions fell for the seventh-straight quarter, but the rate of loan repayments increased. Loan volume decreased for all categories compared with last year. Ranchland and dryland values rose during the quarter, while irrigated cropland values were steady. Cropland, dryland, and ranchland values increased the most in Texas, rising at least 10 percent year-over-year. *********************************************************************************** Smithfield Foods Sending 150,000 Servings of Food for Hurricane Relief Smithfield Foods is sending more than 37,000 pounds of food to Fort Myers, Florida, to help with recovery from the devastation of Hurricane Ian. The protein will be delivered to Mercy Chefs, a Virginia-based non-profit that deploys to disaster zones across America. They will help serve free chef-prepared, restaurant-quality, hot meals to victims, volunteers, and first responders in Fort Myers. “Our hearts go out to everyone in the path of this catastrophic hurricane,” says Jonathan Toms, senior community affairs manager with Smithfield. “We hope this food assistance brings some relief to the people of Fort Myers as they start down the long and difficult road to recovery.” Chef Gary LeBlanc, founder and CEO of Mercy Chefs, says, “Our continued partnership with Smithfield Foods is critical to feeding those who have lost everything. We’re honored to have the opportunity to serve those facing extreme devastation in the wake of Hurricane Ian.” *********************************************************************************** NSF, BASF Open Joint Scholarship Application The National Sorghum Foundation and BASF are accepting applications for a joint scholarship for $2,500 in tuition assistance for the 2022-2023 academic year. The award will be given out in January of 2023. “The National Sorghum Foundation has a longstanding commitment to developing the leadership potential of college students with a passion for improving the sorghum industry,” says newly appointed NSF Chair Jeff Dahlberg. “BASF has worked with us on this endeavor for many years, and we are excited to provide deserving students with the financial support they need to help them succeed.” Scholarship applicants must be the child or grandchild of a National Sorghum Producers member and be pursuing an undergraduate or graduate degree in an agriculturally-related curriculum. Applications should be postmarked by December 1. More information about the scholarship criteria and the application forms can be found online at SorghumGrowers.com. NSP is the organization representing U.S. sorghum producers across the country.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday October 5, 2022 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets The U.S. Commerce Department will report on the August trade deficit at 7:30 a.m. CDT Wednesday and provide USDA will more specific information about ag exports, which will be released later in the day. At 9:30 a.m., the Energy Department will release its weekly inventory data, including ethanol production. Traders will continue to monitor the latest weather forecasts, keenly aware the southwestern U.S. Plains and Lower Mississippi River desperately need rain. Weather A weak system is producing a few isolated showers as it moves through the Midwest on Wednesday. But the big story is the strong cold front that will be moving down from Canada and into the North-Central U.S. Wednesday night. Mild conditions will be felt for one more day across the country, but temperatures will plummet tonight across the Dakotas and Minnesota and continue to do so as the front pushes south through the country for the rest of the week. Some frosts will be possible far north tonight.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday October 4, 2022 |

NCBA Urges EPA to Pause WOTUS Rulemaking The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association called on the Environmental Protection Agency to pause their Waters of the United States rulemaking. The action follows Monday’s Supreme Court oral arguments in the case Sackett v. EPA, a case that will determine the EPA’s authority to regulate bodies of water under the Clean Water Act. NCBA’s Kaitlynn Glover says, "we call on the EPA to suspend their rulemaking until the outcome of the case is clear." In April, NCBA filed an amicus brief before the Supreme Court, calling for a new test for determining whether a water feature fell under the jurisdiction of the Clean Water Act. NCBA's argument would allow the government to protect substantial bodies of water while preventing overreach on small isolated agricultural water features. NCBA also commented on the Biden administration's proposed "Waters of the U.S." rule. NCBA calls for this rulemaking to halt until the Supreme Court issues a ruling in the Sackett v. EPA case. *********************************************************************************** Hurricane Ian Devastates Southwest Florida Agriculture The Florida Farm Bureau says farmers and ranchers are facing widespread destruction of crops, buildings and fencing from Hurricane Ian last week. Florida Farm Bureau is working with its members to assess the damage. The organization says significant fruit has been dropped from the trees in areas of the citrus belt. Fall vegetables once rooted are now lost. Not only has there been loss of human life, but livestock and dairy farms have been devastated by the wrath of Hurricane Ian. Farmers and ranchers are repairing greenhouses, structures, irrigation systems and other machinery and equipment throughout the region. Many farm families are still cutting their way through down trees and power lines and battling flooded roads and blown-out culverts to evaluate the damage. One thing is for certain, the organization says, is that "Florida farmers and ranchers remain unwavering in their commitment to produce the food and fiber that millions of Americans depend on." *********************************************************************************** NPPC Comments on Swine Inspection Program Federal Ruling The National Pork Producers Council late last week welcomed a federal ruling upholding the Department of Agriculture’s New Swine Inspection System. A federal judge in California upheld the program, which NPPC says incentivizes investment in new technologies while ensuring a safe supply of wholesome American pork. In a statement, the organization says, “Pork producers use science-based approaches to continuously improve and modernize their practices to ensure product quality and consistency and their workforce's health and safety." However, opponents who filed the lawsuit argue the rule greatly undermines the ability of federal inspectors to protect consumers from foodborne illnesses by fully inspecting hog carcasses, and instead allows plant employees with little training to take over several steps. The lawsuit was filed by Food & Water Watch, Center for Food Safety and the Humane Farming Association. Center for Food Safety senior attorney Amy van Saun says, “we can only hope we don't see more foodborne illness” because of the ruling. *********************************************************************************** USDA: H-2A Seasonal Worker Program Expanded Over Time USDA’s Economic Research Service Monday reported data that shows the H-2A season worker program has expanded over time. U.S. agricultural employers who anticipate a shortage of U.S. domestic workers can fill seasonal farm jobs with temporary foreign workers through the H-2A visa program. The Department of Labor certified around 317,000 temporary jobs in fiscal year 2021 under the H-2A visa program, more than six times the number certified in 2005. Only about 80 percent of the certified jobs in 2021 resulted in the issuance of a visa. The program has grown partly in response to current U.S. domestic workers finding jobs outside of U.S. agriculture and a drop in newly arrived immigrants who seek U.S. farm jobs. The H-2A program continued to expand in FY 2020 despite the jump in U.S. unemployment caused by lockdowns associated with the Coronavirus pandemic. Nationally, the average H-2A contract in FY 2020 offered 24 weeks of employment and an average hourly wage of $13. *********************************************************************************** Registration Open for 2023 American Farm Bureau Convention The American Farm Bureau Federation announced the opening of general registration Monday for the 2023 American Farm Bureau Convention. The convention will be held in-person January 6-11, 2023, in San Juan, Puerto Rico. AFBF assessed the status of San Juan and the convention facilities following Hurricane Fiona and determined that all are fully operational. AFBF President Zippy Duvall says, “This is your opportunity to gain insights about the future of agriculture, sharpen your skills and help define the agenda in Washington.” Workshop topics include the 2023 farm bill, policy updates, market outlooks, trade, the latest ag education resources and strategies for coping with farm stress. An exciting aspect of the convention is the opportunity for farmers and ranchers from the 50 states to see and learn about crops and agricultural practices unique to Puerto Rico. You can view the high-level convention agenda and register online to attend at annualconvention.fb.org. *********************************************************************************** Weekly Gas Prices up, Diesel Down For the second straight week, gas prices climbed higher, with the nation’s average gas price posting a rise of 11.1 cents from a week ago to $3.78 per gallon. The national average is up 0.4 cents from a month ago and 59.8 cents higher than a year ago. However, the national average price of diesel declined 2.9 cents in the last week and stands at $4.86 per gallon. GasBuddy’s Patrick De Haan says despite the higher gas prices, “areas of the Northeast and Gulf Coast have continued to see declines as the nation experiences sharp differences in trends between regions.” Prices continued to surge on the West Coast and Great Lakes last week. De Haan is hopeful prices will fall, but does caution that OPEC could decide to cut oil production by a million barrels as the global economy slows down. Meanwhile, U.S. retail gasoline demand fell 1.8 percent last week, according to GasBuddy.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday October 4, 2022 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets There are no significant reports Tuesday, but a few Federal Reserve officials will be speaking and could get attention. Traders will continue to monitor the latest weather forecasts, any hint of export sales and any news regarding Ukraine, China or Fed policy. Weather A system moving through the Northern Plains will bring some strings of showers across the Plains Tuesday and will get into Minnesota and Iowa Tuesday night. Mild to warm conditions will be felt across most of the country, and the combination of mostly dry conditions and warmth should continue good harvest conditions for most areas. Drought areas in the Plains may see some showers, but the drought will continue.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday October 3, 2022 |

Mississippi River Shipping Rates Hit Record High Harvest season is in high gear, and U.S. farmers have another supply chain challenge. Bloomberg says there aren’t enough barges moving goods up and down the shrinking Mississippi River. Drought is drying a vital American waterway, which means a lot less room for vessels moving corn and soybeans from farms to U.S. ports. At one point last week, barge rates hit $49.88 per ton. That’s the highest price on record and a 50 percent jump from 2021 shipping rates. More than half of the corn and soybean shipments heading to world markets travel along the Mississippi. The barge problems are hitting at harvest when the supplies of grain will be at their largest. It also follows a challenging growing season filled with weather problems and soaring inflation for things like fuel and fertilizer. Fertilizers needed by producers to grow grain are also at risk as they ship along the Mississippi. *********************************************************************************** FTC Sues Companies Over Pay-To-Block Scheme The Federal Trade Commission and a group of 10 state attorneys general filed a complaint in federal court against pesticide makers Syngenta Crop Protection and Corteva. The complaint accuses the manufacturers of allegedly paying distributors to block competitors from selling their cheaper generic products to farmers. The complaint says the firms run “loyalty programs” in which distributors only get paid if they limit business with competing manufacturers. Cutting off the competition allowed the defendants to inflate their prices and force American farmers to spend millions of dollars more on their products. The complaint seeks to shut down the illegal pay-to-block scheme and restore competition to affected markets. “The FTC is suing to stop Syngenta and Corteva from maintaining their monopolies through harmful tactics that have jacked up pesticide prices for farmers,” says FTC Chair Lina Khan. “By paying to block generic producers from the market, these companies deprived farmers of cheaper options.” *********************************************************************************** Logan Confirmed to Farm Credit Administration Board Senate Ag Chair Debbie Stabenow and Ranking Member John Boozman announced that the Senate confirmed Vincent Logan to the Farm Credit Administration Board. “His background in both the agriculture and financial sectors makes him well-qualified for this role,” Stabenow says. “He will be the first Native American to serve as a board member.” Ranking Member Boozman says he’s happy to see Logan’s confirmation. “His experience and expertise will help guide a mission that’s critical to the success of our family farmers, ranchers, and agriculture businesses. I look forward to working with him to provide dependable credit sources.” Farm Credit Council President and CEO Todd Van Hoose says they congratulate Mr. Logan on his confirmation and look forward to working with him. “He’s well-qualified to serve on the FCA Board, and we appreciate the Senate Agriculture Committee and the full Senate’s swift action to fill the board seat,” Van Hoose says. *********************************************************************************** NMPF on Short-Term Infant Formula Imports The National Milk Producers Federation says the temporary, short-term lifting of restrictions on infant formula imports to address the rare infant formula shortage is a positive move to fill the supply gap. “We did not oppose the just-passed Bulk Infant Formula to Retail Shelves Act given its targeted volume and limited time frame,” says NMPF President and CEO Jim Mulhern. “Those guardrails are necessary to ensure that imports temporarily complement U.S. supplies rather than displace existing available dairy formula ingredients.” However, Mulhern says his group “emphatically” opposes efforts that would create long-term dependence on foreign suppliers for a critical nutritional food. “The focus must be to develop additional production in the U.S. necessary to ensure that this crisis isn’t repeated,” Mulhern adds. “As COVID taught us, only a robust domestic supply chain with American workers and U.S. sources of production can best protect families from disruptions of critically-needed products.” *********************************************************************************** Korean Grain Importers will View Corn Crop in Four States A team of feed grain and DDGS buyers from Korea will be in the U.S. in early October to take a close look at the corn crop. The team, which includes a Korean government official, will get to better understand grain quality control and export systems in Washington, Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. The team is the first of 21 groups with participants from 51 countries that will travel to the U.S. as a lead-up to the U.S. Grains Council’s biggest event, the Export Exchange. Export Exchange is a biennial educational and trade forum for U.S. feed grains and will host more than 400 international buyers and end-users. “The Council is delighted to hold the Export Exchange again for the first time since 2018,” says USGC President and CEO Ryan LeGrand. “It’s a great opportunity for foreign buyers to create connections with U.S. producers.” Export Exchange is in Minneapolis, Minnesota, October 12-14. *********************************************************************************** FSA to Consider Eliminating District Committees Farm Service Agency Administrator Zach Ducheneaux told lawmakers late last week that he’ll give serious consideration to the recommendation to replace the FSA’s district committee system. Industry Update Dot Com says the USDA’s Equities Commission recently made the recommendation. However, Ducheneaux says the district committee system is an opportunity for producers to be an important part of the process, but it’s also important for those committees to be representatives of those who produce. The administrator says the district committees evaluate regional prices and determine producers’ rights, but they don’t have the right to influence the loan approval process. “We’ve been involved at every opportunity with members of the Equity Commission,” he says. “But we have to understand that we’re working to overcome the decades and generations when it was members of the county commissions that considered the loan applications.” Former FSA officials also say the county committees are important to the FSA’s mission.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday October 3, 2022 |

Monday Market Watch Markets Back from the weekend, traders have a long list of concerns to check on, including the latest weather forecasts, events in Ukraine, Mississippi River levels, energy supplies in Europe and economic concerns in the U.S. The Institute of Supply Management's index of U.S. manufacturing for September is due out at 9 a.m. CDT, followed by USDA's weekly report of export inspections. USDA's Crop Progress report is due out at 3 p.m. Weather A system that has been stuck in the northern Rockies since late last week continues to produce some isolated shower across the Northern Plains and central High Plains on Monday. Only limited areas will see anything more than light rain. The rest of the country is mild and dry, favorable for the continued harvest. Drought continues to affect winter wheat areas, however, with limited soil moisture in the Pacific Northwest, southwestern Plains, and northern Delta into the Midwest.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday September 30, 2022 |

Biodiesel to Turbo Charge American Biofuel Growth A new report from CoBank says the recent investment surge in U.S. renewable diesel production capacity is likely to ignite a period of growth and transition for the biofuels industry. “The outlook for biofuels is good as the U.S. and other developed countries embrace renewable liquid transportation fuels as a solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,” says Ken Zuckerberg, lead grain and farm supply economist for CoBank. “Renewable diesel offers the most intriguing opportunity in the biofuels space because the growth potential is extraordinary.” Several industry stakeholders are planning to build new soybean crush and refineries during the next two years, which would increase U.S. renewable diesel production capacity to 6.5 billion gallons by 2030. Soybean oil is the most common feedstock for producing renewable diesel. CoBank says U.S. soybean acreage would need to grow by 17.9 million acres to fill the supply gap created by the additional crush and refinery projects. *********************************************************************************** USDA Expands PACE Coverage USDA says it has expanded its Post-Application Coverage Endorsement (PACE) insurance option for corn farmers who “split-apply” nitrogen on their crops. The coverage now includes most counties in Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, where non-irrigate corn is insurable. USDA rolled out PACE earlier this year to support stewardship of fertilizer and will continue to offer it in select counties of Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, Ohio, and the Dakotas. “PACE provides an additional risk management tool for corn growers,” says NCGA President Chris Edgington. PACE provides coverage for the projected yield lost when producers are unable to apply the post-nitrogen application due to field conditions created by the weather during the V3 through V10 stages. “We’re always working to offer risk management options and opportunities in the best interest of producers and their operations, and that also support and encourage environmental and climate-smart practices,” says Risk Management Agency Administrator Marcia Bunger. *********************************************************************************** Smithfield to Pay $75 Million to Settle Price-Fixing Suit Smithfield Foods agreed to pay $75 million to settle a price-fixing lawsuit. Reuters says consumers accused the meat producer and several competitors of conspiring to inflate prices in the U.S. pork market by limiting supply. Smithfield spokesman Jim Monroe says the company denied liability in settling, and that the accord reduces the distraction, risk, and cost of protracted litigation. “The agreement also limits a substantial portion of Smithfield’s remaining liability in the nationwide case,” he says. In other litigation, Smithfield previously reached settlements worth $83 million with direct purchasers and $42 million with commercial purchasers, including restaurants. Some of the other defendants include Hormel Foods, Tyson Foods, and data provider Agri Stats, Inc. Smithfield agreed to provide cooperation that the plaintiffs’ lawyers say will strengthen their cases against the remaining defendants. Smithfield is based in Virginia and owned by Hong Kong-listed WH Group, which calls itself the world’s largest pork company. *********************************************************************************** Ag Groups React to White House Conference on Hunger Several U.S. ag groups and stakeholders took part in the White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health. Jim Mulhern president and CEO of the National Milk Producers Federation, thanked the White House for inviting him to the conference. “We know from decades of working in this area that dairy products and the nutrients they provide will be vital to reaching the conference goals,” he says. Colin Woodall, CEO of the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, also attending the conference. “We will continue to highlight beef’s role as an excellent source of protein for all ages, especially those Americans lacking iron and other essential beef nutrients,” Woodall says. National Farmers Union President Rob Larew says they’re standing together to end hunger in the United States. “Access to safe and nutritious food is a basic human right, so we’re advocating for strong federal nutrition programs that emphasize fresh and locally-produced food,” Larew says. *********************************************************************************** NCGA Selects Eight for Research Ambassador Program The National Corn Growers Association announced it has picked eight new research ambassadors for the 2022-2023 academic year. They are all secondary students from some of the nation’s top universities, including the University of Minnesota, Purdue University, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and others. It’s the second year of the program which NCGA is building momentum. The program was developed and funded by the NCGA Sustainable Ag Research Action team. The objective is to build a network of future leaders in the ag sector. Ambassadors must show academic excellence, leadership potential, and be involved in research relevant to corn production. “We’re continuing to build bridges between the research lab and the farm field,” says Sustainable Ag Research Action Team Chair Jason Lewis. Ambassadors receive a financial reward of $2,500, as well as up to $750 for registration and travel reimbursement to participate in research conferences, and fully-funded travel to NCGA events. *********************************************************************************** Beef Campaign Takes Fine Dining to New Places Colorado Angus rancher Ty Walter recently rock climbed a 100-foot high ledge to enjoy fine dining with a celebrity. In a cliff-side setting, Walter joined actor, comedian, and host Joel McHale to talk about cattle production and what makes Certified Angus Beef® brand products consistently superior, all while enjoying a four-course meal at an elevation of 8,500 feet. After a two-mile hike, the pair rock climbed up the ledge to help promote the Certified Angus Beef brand. There, Walter and McHale enjoyed the four-course meal prepared by CAB Executive Chef Ashley Brennemen. “Every meal doesn’t have to be this extreme, but we wanted to showcase Certified Angus Beef products in a way that would inspire people to create their own flavor adventure,” Brenneman says. Walter adds that, “The thing I was most nervous about was dropping my fork.” The adventure is available on the Certified Angus Beef Brand Test Kitchen YouTube Channel.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday September 30, 2022 |

Friday Watch List Markets Reports on U.S. personal incomes and consumer spending for August are due out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Friday, followed by the University of Michigan's index of U.S. consumer sentiment at 9 a.m. More Federal Reserve officials speak again Friday. At 11 a.m., USDA will release its quarterly Grain Stocks report and Small Grains 2022 Summary. Traders will also keep an eye on outside markets and follow the latest weather forecasts. Weather Ian, which strengthened back up to hurricane strength Thursday night, will move onshore over South Carolina Friday afternoon. Heavy rain from the system is already pouring into the Carolinas. Far eastern Georgia and Virginia will see rain from the system as well. A weaker disturbance has parked itself over the northern Rockies and is spreading isolated showers through the Northern Plains, and has also made for a few showers out into Minnesota and a few sprinkles cannot be ruled out for portions of the Central Plains as well. Otherwise, harvest conditions are quite good with rising temperatures for most agricultural areas.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday September 29, 2022 |

Stabenow Addresses White House Hunger Conference Senate Agriculture Committee Chair Debbie Stabenow addressed the White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health Wednesday. The Michigan Democrat was part of a panel with U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Xavier Becerra, House Appropriations Committee Chairwoman Rosa DeLauro and New York City Mayor Eric Adams. Stabenow says, "As long as we have hunger and food insecurity in America, we have work to do, and as Chairwoman, I'm confident that the strong anti-hunger and nutrition framework we've built can help to tackle it." In conjunction with the White House Conference, Stabenow released a fact sheet detailing the Committee's recent work on anti-hunger and nutrition issues. That work includes a 21 percent increase in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits, investments in the food bank network and focusing on nutrition education, among other topics. Stabenow adds now is the time to build on the progress to eliminate hunger and commit to a healthier America. *********************************************************************************** FDA Proposes Updated Definition of ‘Healthy’ Claim on Food Packages The Food and Drug Administration Wednesday proposed updated criteria for labeling foods with the nutrient content claim "healthy" on their packaging. The proposal comes the same day as the White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health. The rule would align the definition of the “healthy” claim with current nutrition science, the updated Nutrition Facts label and the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans. FDA says more than 80 percent of people in the U.S. aren’t eating enough vegetables, fruit and dairy. And most people consume too much added sugars, saturated fat and sodium. The proposed rule is part of the agency’s ongoing commitment to helping consumers improve nutrition and dietary patterns to help reduce the burden of chronic disease. The proposed rule would update the “healthy” claim definition to better account for how all the nutrients in various food groups contribute and may work synergistically to create healthy dietary patterns and improve health. *********************************************************************************** Atrazine Proposal Comment Deadline Nears The deadline to submit comments on the Environmental Protection Agency’s atrazine proposal is next Friday. The National Corn Growers Association is encouraging growers to join its call-to-action and submit comments to the EPA on the important role atrazine plays in their work. The call-to-action was launched over the summer as EPA began revising its registration for atrazine. EPA is proposing a level of concern for atrazine at 3.4 parts per billion, down from the current level of 15 parts per billion. The move would significantly impair the effective use of atrazine on farms, according to NCGA. Brooke S. Appleton, NCGA vice president of public policy, says, “Reducing the effectiveness of this important herbicide will hinder the work of farmers and turn the clock back on our conservation efforts.” Since the organization launched the call to action on July 20, more than 3,000 growers have commented. EPA’s open comment period closes on October 7. You can submit comments via ncga.com. *********************************************************************************** Grassley, Brown Propose Banning Foreign Individuals from Obtaining U.S. Farm Credit Senators Chuck Grassley and Sherrod Brown introduced legislation this week to prevent foreign individuals from obtaining credit and financial services through the Farm Credit System. The Iowa Republican and Ohio Democrat content that currently, certain foreign individuals and entities are eligible to receive credit through this government-sponsored enterprise. Grassley states, “The expansion of foreign-owned farmland is a justified cause for concern among many family farmers and ranchers. Brown adds, “American taxpayer dollars should not be used as a financing tool for foreign governments to undermine our national security and take our family farms.” FCS was established in 1916 to provide credit to rural areas when commercial lenders were avoiding farm loans. It is mandated and limited by statute to serve agriculture. In 2021, FCS had a portfolio of roughly $210 billion in farm loans. Since 1997, regulations have allowed FCS associations to extend credit to certain foreign nationals who are not permanent residents of the United States and to foreign-owned entities. *********************************************************************************** USDA to Invest $8 Million to Expand Monitoring of Soil Carbon The Department of Agriculture plans to invest $8 million to support and expand carbon monitoring in soils. The investment also supports the assessment of how climate-smart practices affect carbon sequestration. The investment is part of USDA's efforts to build out a national soil carbon monitoring network, which was kicked off with soil carbon monitoring on Conservation Reserve Program acres in 2021. USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service requests proposals for regional projects focused on soil organic carbon stock monitoring, which are due November 28, 2022. The investment in building out the soil carbon monitoring network is part of USDA's comprehensive effort to address climate change through climate-smart agriculture and forestry. NRCS Chief Terry Cosby says, “Soil health management practices and activities are a tremendous part of our strategy when it comes to climate-smart agriculture and forestry.” Additional information is available in the notice of funding, which will appear on grants.gov *********************************************************************************** U.S. Red Meat Industry Commemorates 45 Years in Japan Leaders representing the U.S. red meat industry recently traveled to Tokyo to commemorate the 45th anniversary of the inaugural U.S. Meat Export Federation office, which opened in Tokyo in 1977. Japan has consistently been a top customer and is the leading international market for U.S. red meat, purchasing nearly $4.1 billion in 2021. Through July 2022, U.S. red meat exports to Japan reached $2.4 billion. The U.S.-Japan trade partnership is highly valued by those in the U.S. pork, beef and lamb industries. While in Tokyo for meetings, market visits and a celebration event attended by 200 importers, distributors, trade media and U.S. exporters, industry representatives expressed appreciation for the business relationships developed over the past 45 years and expressed a commitment to serve the Japanese market well into the future. The group traveling to Japan included representatives of the U.S. beef and grain industries, meeting with key leaders, traveling to local grocery stores and meeting with influencers.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday September 29, 2022 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report is due out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Thursday, the same time as weekly U.S. jobless claims, an update of second-quarter U.S. GDP and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. At 9:30 a.m., the U.S. Energy Department's weekly report of natural gas storage will be released. USDA's quarterly Hogs and Pigs report is set for 2 p.m. with expectations for an annual inventory decline of 1.6%. Weather Cold temperatures are producing frosts again this morning in the Midwest from eastern Iowa into Michigan. Outside of the cold though it is rather dry with mostly good harvest weather across much of the country. Ian has been downgraded to a tropical storm overnight as it pushed across the Florida Peninsula with heavy rainfall. The storm will spend the day offshore before pushing north toward South Carolina. Rains will begin to impact the Southeast Coast tonight with heavy rain expected for Friday and Saturday from eastern Georgia up through Virginia that will impact harvest and may cause flood damage.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday September 28, 2022 |

White House Hunger Conference Today (Wednesday) The long-awaited White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition and Health convenes today (Wednesday). The goal of the conference is to end hunger and increase healthy eating and physical activity by 2030. The White House Tuesday released its national strategy with actions the federal government will take to drive hunger solutions. Pillars of the strategy include improving food access and affordability, integrating nutrition and health, empowering consumers to make healthy choices, supporting physical activity and enhancing nutrition and food security research. President Joe Biden says, “This important conference and the commitment to a national strategy on ending hunger and healthier eating will build on the research and knowledge we now have to make America truly a stronger, healthier nation.” Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack added, “The Strategy lays out big goals, and we need everyone - local, state, and tribal governments, Congress, private companies, nonprofit organizations, and everyday citizens - to work together to achieve them.” *********************************************************************************** USDA Funding Seeks More US Fertilizer Production A new federal grant program announced Tuesday seeks to increase American-made fertilizer production. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack announced the $500 million in grants, intended to spur competition in the fertilizer sector and combat price hikes on U.S. farmers. The Fertilizer Production Expansion Program is part of a government-wide effort to promote competition in agricultural markets. The Commodity Credit Corporation grants will support independent, innovative and sustainable American fertilizer production to supply American farmers. Funds also will expand the manufacturing and processing of fertilizer and nutrient alternatives in the U.S. and its territories. USDA plans for a 45-day application window for applicants to receive priority for projects that increase the availability of fertilizer and nutrient alternatives for farmers to use in crop years 2023 or 2024. USDA will also offer an extended application window for financial assistance to significantly increase American-made fertilizer production to spur competition and combat price hikes. *********************************************************************************** Ongoing Western Drought Most Intense in 20 Years USDA’s Economic Research Service Tuesday reported the ongoing Western drought is the most extreme drought in the region since 2000. As of September 19, 2022, the U.S. Drought Monitor classified more than 18 percent of land in the Western States as experiencing extreme or exceptional drought. In July of this year, more than 32 percent of land was in those categories. Drought conditions in the Western States gradually subsided in the latter months of 2021 but began intensifying again during the first half of 2022. The U.S. Drought Monitor categorizes drought in a region according to soil moisture, streamflow, and precipitation levels. Regional designations are primarily based on historical weather patterns. For agriculture, drought can mean diminished crop and livestock outputs, as well as reduced farm profitability. Drought also reduces the quantity of snowpack and streamflow available for diversions to irrigated agricultural land. These impacts can reverberate throughout the local, regional, and national economies. *********************************************************************************** Funds Available for On-farm Storage Damaged by Recent Natural Disasters The Department of Agriculture this week announced funding to help farmers rebuild on-farm storage systems impacted by recent natural disasters. USDA will make $20 million available to farmers in Kentucky, Minnesota, South Dakota and surrounding areas to rebuild damaged storage facilities damaged in 2021 and 2022 by natural disaster events. The assistance will help producers who were hard-hit by disasters and are currently struggling with a lack of available grain storage have the resources they need as they head into the 2022 crop harvest. The assistance from USDA's Farm Service Agency will help producers affected by the December 2021 tornadoes that passed through eleven counties in Kentucky, as well as producers in Minnesota and South Dakota affected by derechos in May 2022 and July 2022. Similar to other USDA cost-share programs, USDA anticipates that the funds will cover 75 percent of the eligible expenses associated with grain storage capacity costs with building grain storage capacity or purchasing equipment. *********************************************************************************** AFT Announces Solar Energy Development Partnership American Farmland Trust Tuesday announced a partnership with Edelen Renewables and Arcadia. The Farmers Powering Communities seeks to combat climate change through solar energy development while protecting America’s farmland and ranchland. The partnership provides more farmers with the opportunity for a new revenue stream and brings renewable energy to communities where it has not yet been available. Farmers Powering Communities will advance community solar projects of 25 to 50 acres to provide green energy to those who do not have access to rooftop solar – connecting them with local solar farms and bringing resiliency to more Americans. Community solar projects bridge the gap, connecting people to shared solar facilities. The partnership will identify the best land for new solar farms, establish installations and link them to local energy providers who will provide the power to residents at costs lower than the market average. Development will begin in 2023 across a number of states that have active community solar programs. *********************************************************************************** USDA NASS, NASDA, Celebrate 50 Year Partnership USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service and the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture celebrate 50 years of working together. The partnership provides timely, accurate and useful statistics in service to U.S. agriculture. NASS and NASDA are celebrating the anniversary during the NASDA annual meeting this week in Saratoga Springs, New York. NASS Administrator Hubert Hamer says, “NASDA enumerators do an incredible service for NASS, the producers, our nation, and the world.” NASS works closely with state departments of agriculture to support their agricultural statistics needs and reduce duplication with federal programs. NASDA provides vital, grassroots support for the NASS mission by employing thousands of part-time enumerators who assist farmers and ranchers with ag census and survey responses through telephone and in-person interviews. The partnership allows NASDA staff to focus on data collection, which is essential for accurate data reports, while NASS staff concentrate on survey integrity and data analysis.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday September 28, 2022 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets An index of pending U.S. homes sales in August is due out at 9 a.m. CDT Wednesday, followed by the Energy Department's weekly inventory report at 9:30 a.m. More Federal Reserve officials will also be speaking at public appearances and are apt to get attention. Traders will continue to watch Hurricane Ian and the latest weather forecasts and are still nervous about the direction of outside markets. Weather Hurricane Ian, a powerful Category 4 storm, is set to move into west-central Florida during the day Wednesday and Wednesday night. In addition to the strong winds from the storm center, the hurricane will be producing heavy, flooding rains as well. Colder air has settled into the Midwest and frosts are occurring in the Upper Midwest states Wednesday morning. Some very isolated lake-induced showers may continue in a couple of spots on the southern end of the Great Lakes, but most areas will remain dry with good harvest conditions continuing.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday September 27, 2022 |

USDA Announces Action to Spur Competition, Protect Producers and Reduce Costs The Biden administration Monday announced two new Department of Agriculture efforts to support fair and competitive meat and poultry markets. The efforts include publishing the proposed Inclusive Competition and Market Integrity Rules Under the Packers and Stockyards Act to protect farmers and ranchers from abuse, and a new $15 million Agricultural Competition Challenge to ramp up collaboration with the State Attorneys General on enforcement of competition laws, such as laws against price-fixing. The two efforts come from the White House Competition Council, which held a meeting Monday. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack says, "USDA is focused on building new, fairer, and more resilient markets, protecting producers, and reducing food costs." Earlier this year, USDA and the Department of Justice announced their commitment to work closely together to effectively enforce federal competition laws, including by launching the FarmerFairness.gov complaint portal for reporting suspected violations of federal competition law. *********************************************************************************** USMCA Partners Host Environmental Committee Meeting Officials from the United States, Mexico and Canada met last week as part of the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement’s Environment Committee. The committee was established as part of the USMCA to oversee the Environment Chapter's implementation and provide a forum to discuss and review chapter implementation. At the meeting, the officials discussed progress and challenges faced in implementing the environmental obligations since the Agreement's entry into force in 2020. The committee also discussed follow-up items from the first Committee meeting, including the findings of a mapping exercise to identify gaps and opportunities for trilateral collaboration for implementing Chapter 24 commitments, recognizing the need to ensure complementarity and avoid duplication with efforts already underway by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation. In addition, the committee held a public session to share information and hear from stakeholders from Canada, Mexico, and the United States regarding the implementation of Chapter 24. *********************************************************************************** Insured Acreages Vary Widely Across Fruit and Nut Specialty Crops USDA's Economic Research Service Monday reported insured acres of specialty crops vary widely across specific crop types. USDA’s Risk Management Agency offers Federal Crop Insurance Program products to cover specialty crops in counties with enough data available to offer a sound insurance product. Using cherries as an example, crop insurance is available for cherry growers who operate in counties with a high number of cherry acres. Because of this, farmers used federal crop insurance to cover about 65 percent of all cherry acres. Cherry growers outside of those counties used the USDA Farm Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program to cover about 20 percent of all cherry acres, leaving only 15 percent of acres not covered by any risk management program. For some crops, however, federal risk management programs covered only a small portion of acres. Kiwifruits and strawberries, for example, had less than 15 percent of acres covered, while hazelnuts had less than one percent. *********************************************************************************** AEM Hosts Record-breaking DC Fly-in The Association of Equipment Manufacturers Monday reported a record attendance for its Washington, D.C. fly-in last week. Representing equipment manufacturers and suppliers from across the country, participants met with 70 lawmakers. The group advocated for pro-manufacturing policies that will help equipment manufacturers succeed in the United States and around the world. AEM’s Kip Eideberg says, “As Congress continues its legislative business through the end of the year, we will continue to remind lawmakers that they need to reach across the aisle and work to move our country forward.” AEM members advocated for domestic supply chain investments, precision agriculture incentives to support climate-smart practices, and a grant program that supports workforce development. AEM says tariffs continue to hurt the equipment manufacturing industry. AEM asked lawmakers to establish a permanent Section 301 tariff exclusion process so American manufacturers can petition the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative to remove tariffs needed for domestic manufacturing and the national economy. *********************************************************************************** Merck Animal Health to Acquire Virtual Fencing Developer Merck Animal Health recently announced an agreement to acquire Vence, an innovator in virtual fencing for rotational grazing and livestock management. Vence provides enhanced technology for producers and ranchers to track, monitor and manage the movement of cattle through a high-tech platform of virtual fencing solutions. Using a computer or smartphone, customers can manage cattle movement and facilitate rotational grazing. Vence's virtual fencing technology can reduce the need for fencing to subdivide pastures and allows producers and ranchers to manage their cattle and grass inventory, while reducing costs of labor and fencing materials. Merck Animal Health president Rick DeLuca says, “Vence is a natural fit with Merck Animal Health's growing portfolio of animal intelligence products that include identification, traceability and monitoring products.” The acquisition is expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2022, subject to closing conditions. Vence is available in the United States and parts of Australia. *********************************************************************************** Mixed Week for Fuel Prices Ending the 14-week stretch of gas prices declining, the nation's average gas price posted a rise of 3.2 cents from a week ago to $3.67 per gallon. The national average is down 17.5 cents from a month ago but 49.3 cents higher than a year ago. The national average diesel price declined 5.1 cents the last week and stands at $4.88 per gallon. Refinery snags in some areas of the country contribute to wild fluctuations as areas of the West Coast, Pacific Northwest, Great Lakes and Plains have seen significant refinery issues leading to supply challenges. However, the Northeast and Gulf Coast continue to see normal activity at refineries and prices there have dropped. The disconnect between regions grows larger and will likely remain abnormal for the next few weeks. Gas Buddy’s Patrick De Haan says, “A slew of unexpected refinery disruptions, including fires and routine maintenance, have seemingly all happened in a short span of time.”

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday September 27, 2022 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets A report on U.S. durable goods orders in August will be out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Tuesday, followed by August new home sales and the Conference Board's index of U.S. consumer confidence for September at 9 a.m. Several Fed officials are also scheduled to speak throughout the day and will likely get attention. Traders will keep an eye on the latest weather forecasts and news from Ukraine, but are most jumpy about Fed policy and prospects for higher interest rates ahead. Weather A shot of colder air is settling into the Midwest on Tuesday. Some limited frosts are noted around northern Minnesota into northern Wisconsin, but most areas are remaining on the warm side of freezing. Some showers are still hanging around the Great Lakes. Otherwise, dry conditions continue across most of the country, favoring the continued harvest. Bands of heavy rain from Hurricane Ian are pounding southern Florida as the storm crosses Cuba into the Gulf of Mexico and the state is bracing for its landfall Wednesday night or early Thursday.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday September 26, 2022 |

USDA Panel Targets County Committee System The Equity Panel investigating discrimination within the agency wants USDA to consider eliminating the county committee system that’s played a big role in managing the Farm Service Agency’s agricultural programs. Industry Update Dot Com says the Fairness Committee voted to recommend in an interim report to Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack that the USDA do research and analysis on possibly ending the district county committee system and develop a fairer alternative for all farmers. The analysis should include what the county committees are currently doing in creating disparities for minority farmers. That should include the historical role of the district committee system and the current displacement of minority farmers. The commission also recommends that USDA immediately put a program in place that ensures minority county committee councilors have access to the FSA administrator to report real-time problems or issues in the county. The final report will be completed and submitted to Vilsack soon. *********************************************************************************** Wheat Growers Applaud Efforts to Increase Export Promotion Funding America’s wheat growers have a long history of valuing export market development by supporting the successful public-private partnership with USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service. That’s why U.S. Wheat Associates and the National Association of Wheat Growers applaud the introduction of the Cultivating Revitalization by Expanding American Agricultural Trade and Exports (CREAATE) Act of 2022 in the Senate. The legislation would double the funding for the Market Access Program and Foreign Market Development Program, both of which are administered by the FAS. “MAP funding hasn’t increased from $200 million since 2006, and FMD funding hasn’t changed from $34.5 million since 2002,” says USW Chair Rhonda Larson. “However, our foreign competition in most global markets, including wheat, has grown.” USW also uses MAP and FMD funding to enable greater use of U.S. wheat in food aid programs which have taken on more significance due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine that disrupted the global wheat trade. *********************************************************************************** The Cattle Contracts Library Pilot Program Moves Ahead The USDA’s Agricultural Marketing Service published a Notice to Trade related to the Cattle Contracts Library Pilot Program. The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association says the Library is designed to be a tool for cattle producers, making information available that may allow them to capture unrealized value for their livestock. “We are pleased to see the pilot program progressing and note the important decision to use the Livestock Mandatory Reporting statutes as a basis for any subsequent rulemakings,” says NCBA Vice President of Government Affairs Ethan Lane. “We look forward to continuing to work with staff at AMS to ensure the success of this tool as well as the protection of our members’ proprietary business information.” The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2022 directed the AMS to create a Cattle Contracts Library Pilot Program to increase market transparency for U.S. cattle producers. AMS is drafting a rule to ensure complete contractual information gets reported. *********************************************************************************** USDA Extends Deadline for Grazing Land Agreements The USDA extended the application deadline for Grazing Lands Conservation Initiative Cooperative Agreements to October sixth. USDA is investing up to $12 million in partnerships that expand access to conservation technical assistance for livestock producers and increase the use of conservation practices on grazing lands. Project proposals for GLCI Cooperative Agreements will identify and address barriers to accessing grazing assistance for producers. The projects should address several concerns, including local natural resource concerns, use climate-smart agriculture and forestry practices and principles, and encourage existing and new partnerships through emphasizing equity in advancing the resource needs of underserved communities. The projects should also identify and implement strategies to quantify, monitor, report on, and verify conservation benefits associated with grazing management systems. NRCS Chief Terry Cosby says privately-owned grazing lands cover almost 30 percent of the landscape, so addressing climate change and conserving resources will happen through voluntary practices. To apply, go to grants.gov. *********************************************************************************** Stabenow, Boozman Expect Votes on USDA, FSA Nominees Senate Ag Chair Debbie Stabenow says she’s hopeful the Senate will confirm three agriculture nominees this week by unanimous consent. The Hagstrom Report says Alexis Taylor is the nominee for USDA undersecretary for trade and foreign agricultural affairs. Jose Emilio Esteban is nominated for USDA undersecretary for food safety. Vincent Logan is the nominee for the Farm Credit Administration Board. Ag Committee Ranking Member John Boozman also hopes they can be confirmed this week. Under questioning, Taylor says she’ll work on difficult issues like Mexico’s potential ban on biotech corn. Logan, the chief financial officer with the Native American Agriculture Fund, repeatedly promised to work with young and beginning farmers. When answering questions, Esteban said he's passionate about preventing salmonella and pledged to work together with all parties on “how we get there.” The Senate Finance Committee recently approved Doug McKalip’s nomination as Chief Ag Negotiator, and he’s waiting for Senate confirmation. *********************************************************************************** U.S. Export Sales Take a step Back USDA data shows export sales of corn, beans, and wheat all fell week-to-week during the seven days ending on September 15. Corn sales during the week dropped sharply to 182,300 metric tons from 583,000 tons during the previous week. Japan was the biggest buyer at 83,200 metric tons. Exports for the week hit 563,000 metric tons, up from almost 427,000 tons the prior week. Soybean sales to overseas buyers dropped to 446,000 metric tons, sharply lower than 843,000 tons a week earlier. Egypt was the top buyer with 174,000 metric tons of beans. Exports during the week totaled over 522,000 metric tons, up from almost 374,000 during the prior week. Wheat sales during the week came in at 183,500 metric tons, with Indonesia the top buyer with 136,000 tons. The USDA report says wheat exports from the U.S. totaled 678,000 metric tons, up slightly from 676,800 tons a week earlier.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday September 26, 2022 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, traders will check the latest weather forecasts, harvest anecdotes, any news from Ukraine or Russia and be wary of outside markets after Friday's widespread risk-off selling. Several Federal Reserve officials are also scheduled to speak Monday and may get attention. USDA's weekly export inspections report is due out at 10 a.m. CDT, followed by Crop Progress at 3 p.m. Weather A push of colder air is moving into the Midwest for Monday and will spread out across eastern areas of the country this week. Some showers will continue near the Great Lakes because of it. Other areas will be warmer and drier. The country awaits the arrival of Hurricane Ian, which is forecast to make a Florida landfall and bring widespread rain and wind damage into the Southeast later this week and weekend.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday September 23, 2022 |

USDA Providing Over $500 Million to Expand Rural Broadband USDA Secretary Tom Vilsack announced that his agency is awarding $502 million in loans and grants to help provide high-speed internet in rural America. The funds will be available for rural residents and businesses in 20 states. USDA is making these investments through the third funding round of the ReConnect Program. “High-speed internet will improve the rural economy,” says Vilsack. “It will help rural businesses grow and get access to new markets, as well as help rural residents get access to more and better health care and educational opportunities.” The secretary also calls rural America the country’s “backbone.” To be eligible for the funding, an applicant must serve in an area where high-speed internet service speeds are lower than 100 megabits per second for downloads and 20 Mbps for uploads. The agency will have more investment announcements in the coming weeks. For more information about investment in rural areas, go to rd.usda.gov. *********************************************************************************** Court Ruling Reinstates Modernized Endangered Species Rules Modernized Endangered Species Act regulations will be reinstated after the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that a district court improperly vacated 2019 revisions. The appeals court found that the district court erred by reversing the regulations without determining whether they were actually unlawful. American Farm Bureau President Zippy Duvall says they appreciate the ruling by the Court of Appeals. “The revisions to the Endangered Species Act protected at-risk animals while ensuring that farmers could continue feeding America’s families,” he says. “This ruling doesn’t end the debate about modernizing the ESA, but it sends an important message to the lower courts that their job is to rule based on law.” This is the second appellate court ruling to favor the Farm Bureau in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in the past month. In August, the Court overturned a lower court’s ruling that prohibited AFBF from defending the delisting of the gray wolf. *********************************************************************************** NCGA Hosts Next Generation of Ag Leaders for Policy Institute The National Corn Growers Association hosted a group of student delegates from the Agriculture Future of America during the AFA’s Policy Institute in Washington, D.C. The NCGA staff provided a tour and overview of the work the organization does and led discussions around how the national and state associations work collaboratively across the country to increase opportunities for America’s corn farmers. “AFA does incredible work, helping equip the next generation of agriculturalists with the tools and networking experience they’ll need to have successful careers and impact positive change,” says NCGA Market Development Manager Michael Granche’ (GRAHN-chay). “AFA doesn’t just refine their skills but gives them the confidence to walk up to a stranger and tell their ag story.” NCGA was able to engage with the student delegates through different workshops and roundtable opportunities. The Corn Growers will also be a sponsor of AFA’s Leaders Conference held in November in Kansas City. *********************************************************************************** September Wheat Production Forecast Unchanged The USDA’s 2022-2023 September wheat production forecast is unchanged from August at 1.783 billion bushels. 2022-2023 wheat exports are also unchanged from the previous month at 825 million bushels, and there are no by-class changes. U.S. wheat exports for June and July 2022 reached a total of 117 million bushels, down 23 percent from the same time last year. September U.S. wheat imports are unchanged at 110 million bushels, up from 95 million in 2021-2022. America’s wheat imports for June and July totaled 23 million bushels, up 50 percent from the same period in 2021. The 2022-2023 season-average farm price is projected at $9 a bushel, down 25 cents from the previous month. However, it would still be a record. Wheat futures markets remain volatile on a daily basis, underscored by uncertainty regarding the continuity of shipments from the Black Sea region. Recent data says prices may be lower in the coming months. *********************************************************************************** China Food Security Policy May Mean Lower Soybean Demand A Bloomberg article has a large number of soybean farmers around the world worried about the future of Chinese soybean demand. The Chinese government is attempting to boost the country’s food security by trying to lower the number of soybeans turned into animal feed. The farm ministry says feed grains are the biggest problem when it comes to China’s food supply. Ministry officials are asking the feed sector to learn from some of the country’s top producers who have successfully cut down on the amount of soybean meal used in their livestock rations as their main source of protein. China is by far the biggest importer of soybeans in the world, and the import bill last year totaled more than $50 billion. Bloomberg says, “Even modest shifts in soy consumption would help control both import costs and inflation and represent a worry for ‘legions’ of overseas farmers that rely on Chinese demand.” *********************************************************************************** NCGA Asks Senate to Confirm USDA Nominees The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association is urging the Senate Ag Committee to confirm key nominees for Undersecretary for Food Safety and Undersecretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs in the USDA. “Cattle producers need strong, stable leadership in top positions at USDA, and we ask the Senate to move quickly on confirming these highly qualified nominees,” says Ethan Lane, vice president of government affairs for NCBA. Dr. Jose Emilio Esteban, who currently serves in USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service, is the nominee for Undersecretary for Food Safety. Alexis Taylor, the current director of the Oregon Department of Agriculture, is the nominee for Undersecretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs. NCBA has worked closely with Dr. Esteban, who they say is an extremely qualified candidate for the position of undersecretary. They also have worked closely with Taylor in previous roles at USDA and on Capitol Hill, calling her a “proven advocate for farmers and ranchers.”

| Rural Advocate News | Friday September 23, 2022 |

Friday Watch List Markets USDA's cattle on-feed report for September 1 is the only significant report Friday and is expected to stay close to last year's total of 11.23 million head. Traders will continue to keep track of weather, outside market news, events from Ukraine and any word regarding the vote on the rail workers' contracts. Weather A weak system is moving through the Corn Belt on Friday. Areas of isolated showers and a few thunderstorms are expected as the system drifts eastward. Showers may produce a few delays to the ongoing corn and soybean harvest, but not much. Cooler temperatures to the north oppose hot temperatures that continue across the south. Winter wheat areas in Kansas and Nebraska have seen a few showers this week, but conditions continue to be poor for most areas.

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday September 22, 2022 |

Biden Administration Invests $178 Million in International Food for Progress Projects The Department of Agriculture will invest $178 million in seven international development projects on four continents to support U.S. government priorities. The projects include promoting climate-smart agriculture, facilitating trade and addressing the root causes of migration in Central America. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack announced the funding Wednesday and says, "By partnering with private-sector organizations, local governments, and local producers and businesses, we are helping to build more equitable and resilient food systems." Through Food for Progress, USDA donates U.S. agricultural commodities to eligible entities such as private voluntary organizations and foreign governments, which then sell the commodities on the local market and use the proceeds to support agricultural, economic or infrastructure development programs. USDA will donate 240,000 metric tons of commodities this year, valued at $129.6 million. The seven new Food for Progress projects funded by USDA in 2022 are in addition to 41 projects currently underway in 38 countries. *********************************************************************************** USDA Funding International School Feeding Projects The Department of Agriculture will invest $220 million in eight new school feeding projects. The projects are expected to benefit more than a million children across 2,200 schools in food-insecure countries in Africa and East Asia. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack announced the funding Wednesday, awarded through the McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program. This year's awards are part of the $2 billion investment to strengthen global food security, announced by President Joe Biden at the United Nations General Assembly. USDA's 2022 commitment includes direct financial support for the projects and funding for purchasing and transporting 41,350 metric tons of U.S.-grown commodities to be donated to the projects for use in school meals. The awards also include $23.7 million for purchasing nearly 13,000 tons of locally or regionally produced commodities, supporting producers and supply chains in the target countries, and improving the nutritional diversity of school meals. *********************************************************************************** 2022/23 Rice Imports Projected at an All-time High U.S. rice imports for the 2022/23 marketing year, August–July, are projected to rise 16 percent from a year earlier and to reach the highest volume on record at 44 million hundredweight. USDA’s Economic Research Service reports imported rice is also projected to account for almost 32 percent of domestic use of rice in 2022/23, the highest share on record. Imports of long-grain and the combined classes of short- and medium-grain rice are projected at all-time highs. For long-grain rice, growing consumer preference for Asian aromatic rice, such as jasmine rice from Thailand, has increased import purchases. In addition, the United States has been importing a much smaller volume of regular milled long-grain rice from South American suppliers. Increasing imports are spurred by reduced production in California, where a second consecutive year of drought has reduced the size of the rice harvest. The California rice crop is forecast down 38 percent from a year earlier and is expected to be the smallest crop since 1977/78. *********************************************************************************** Report: Gen Z Prefers Quick Service Restaurants Older Gen Zs, ages 18-24, in the U.S. are discerning when choosing restaurants, according to new data by the NPD Group. Although price matters to this group, their taste preferences and definition of value dictate the type of restaurants they visit. As a result, Gen Zs skew towards quick service restaurants, particularly fast casual, that balance value and focused menu. In the 12 months ending July 2022, Gen Zs made five billion restaurant visits, 4.3 billion visits were to quick-service restaurants, and 736 million were to full-service restaurants. Overall quick service traffic was flat compared to a year ago, while Gen Zs fast-casual visits were up four percent in the period compared to a year ago. Gen Zs favor major fast-casual chains that provide the menu items they want, value for the money, and messaging that reflects their interests, like organics and sustainability, according to NPD's recently released Winning Gen Z Consumers study. *********************************************************************************** Pork Board Receives $155 Million in Climate-Smart Funds The National Pork Board received three grants totaling $155 million as part of the USDA Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities funding. The three grants are part of the $2.8 billion awarded to 70 selected projects in the first round of funding for the program. The first grant, valued at $20 million, will incentivize soil health and manure management practice adoption and support on-farm sustainability reports for pork operations. The second grant, totaling $95 million, will support a program to advance the adoption of cover crops and conservation tillage in 20 states. The third grant, worth $40 million, will support testing and evaluating climate-smart data in all segments of agriculture in ways that add increased value and support to producers. National Pork Board Sustainability Vice President Ashley McDonald says, “Pork producers stand out as leaders in sustainability with the data aggregation tools they have invested their dollars into already, continually driving to position U.S. pork as the protein of choice here.” *********************************************************************************** Clean Fuels Hires Fuel Economist Jonathan Martin Clean Fuels Alliance America Wednesday announced the appointment of Jonathan Martin as its first Director of Economic and Market Analytics. Martin, most recently an economist with Marathon Petroleum Co., brings ten years of experience in oil and gas corporate economics to this newly created role. He will be based in Ohio. Well-versed in synthesizing and analyzing data, Martin is strategically positioned to support Clean Fuels in economic analysis of planning and policy decisions. Martin has a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, Indiana. Clean Fuels CEO Donnell Rehagen says, “As the diversity of clean fuels grows, we are dedicating additional resources to better predict market trends for our organization and our members.” Martin adds, “I hope to apply my background in energy economics and analytics to help our members and the industry stay abreast of shifting market trends and potential growth opportunities.”

| Rural Advocate News | Thursday September 22, 2022 |

Thursday Watch List Markets USDA's weekly export sales report is due out at 7:30 a.m. CDT Thursday, the same time as weekly U.S. jobless claims and an update of the U.S. Drought Monitor. The Conference Board's index of leading indicators for August is due out at 9 a.m. Traders continue to watch the latest weather forecasts and world events with special attention lately on the Fed and Wednesday's comments from Russia's President Putin. Weather A cold front continues to sag south into the southern reaches of the country Thursday but is starting to lose its strength. Still, cooler fall temperatures continue to filter a bit farther south than where they were Wednesday and the heat ahead of the front is being tamped down toward the Gulf Coast. A system in the West will move into the Plains later today and is already producing scattered showers for portions of the Northern and Central Plains, especially around the Nebraska-Kansas border.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday September 21, 2022 |

Grassley Introduces Bipartisan Biochar Research Network Act Senator Chuck Grassley of Iowa Tuesday introduced the Biochar Research Network Act. The Iowa Republican’s legislation seeks to study the effectiveness of biochar, which is a carbon-rich material produced from biomass. Specifically, the bill would establish a national biochar research network to test the impact of biochar across various soil types, application methods and climates to learn more about its capacity to benefit farmers and the environment. Grassley says, “A lot of work remains to fully understand the benefits biochar could provide, and that’s why I’m honored to lead the introduction of the Biochar Research Network Act.” The proposed research network would work to understand productive uses for biochar to help with crop production and climate mitigation. The network would also assess biochar’s potential for soil carbon sequestration and deliver cost-effective and practical information to farmers on sustainable biochar production and application. A companion bill was recently introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives. *********************************************************************************** NCBA Extremely Disappointed with White House Biotechnology Executive Order The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association expressed disappointment Tuesday over an Executive Order announced last week. The White House last week released the Executive Order on Advancing Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Innovation for a Sustainable, Safe, and Secure American Bioeconomy. NCBA President Don Schiefelbein says, "Unfortunately, we are extremely disappointed that this Executive Order also addresses fake meat production under the guise of food security." He adds, "Supporting cell-cultured, fake meat products is the wrong approach, and the administration should remain focused on supporting America's farmers and ranchers." NCBA encourages the administration to support the biotechnology innovations already occurring in the cattle industry. According to the organization, technology like gene editing is critical to improving cattle health and wellbeing, while also helping the U.S. cattle industry demonstrate climate neutrality by 2040. NCBA says cattle producers play an important role in ensuring food security and has long fought for policies that help producers remain in business while raising the highest quality beef in the world. *********************************************************************************** USDA Expands SNAP Online Shopping, Adds New Retailers The Department of Agriculture continues to expand opportunities for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP, participants to conveniently shop online for groceries. USDA reported Tuesday more than 150 additional retailer chains now offer online shopping to SNAP participants, representing thousands of stores. In collaboration with state agencies and vendor partners, USDA expanded the availability of SNAP online purchasing to 49 states and the District of Columbia, providing more than 99 percent of all SNAP participants with access to online purchasing. USDA's Stacey Dean says, "Expanding the diversity of our online shopping retailers is a critical component of our nutrition security goal to provide better access to healthy, safe, affordable foods." In July 2022, just over three million SNAP households shopped online, a substantial increase from March 2020, when about 35,000 SNAP households shopped online. In the last four months, 44 retailers were added to the program, representing 1,240 store locations. *********************************************************************************** CoBank: Off-farm Income Increasingly Important A new study shows increasing dependence on off-farm employment and income reveals the growing economic interconnection of rural communities and surrounding cities. According to a study by researchers at the University of Missouri, 82 percent of U.S. farm household income now comes from off-farm sources. The study was commissioned by CoBank and completed in partnership with CoBank's Knowledge Exchange. Most farmers cited reliable income as the top reason for off-farm employment, as one-half of farm households have negative farm income in a typical year. Health and retirement benefits were also cited as key reasons for off-farm jobs within farm households. Among the study's key findings is that rural communities have increasingly diverse economies, and success within a rural community's agricultural sector is largely dependent on other sectors of the regional economy at large. Today, only 6.5 percent of workers in rural counties are employed in agriculture, compared to 15.4 percent in 1970. *********************************************************************************** AEM Releases Sustainability Toolkit for Manufacturers The Association of Equipment Manufacturers recently unveiled its equipment industry Sustainability Toolkit. The toolkit provides assessments and resources to help manufacturers and their supply chains minimize operational impact on the environment. The toolkit aims to advance the equipment manufacturing industry's efforts to align with evolving regulation and support a more sustainable world. AEM President Megan Tanel says the toolkit is “a resource to help our member companies take action to deliver lasting change to protect the environment.” AEM Sustainability Council Chair Karen Cecil adds, "The assessments in the toolkit provide actionable best practices for improving sustainability opportunities and efficiency, plus minimizing risks." The toolkit offers action plans, tools, and best practices to implement under four phases of the sustainability maturity model. The toolkit also features several assessments designed to help company leaders navigate the evolving sustainability landscape and identify areas for improvement. *********************************************************************************** New Leader Brings Innovative Perspective to CropLife America Policy Efforts CropLife America Tuesday announced the hiring of incoming Vice President, Government Relations Peggy Browne. With years of experience in agriculture, government, and policy, Peggy will use her expertise to lead CropLife America's government relations team. CropLife America president and CEO Chris Novak says, "Peggy's background and passion for agriculture, her understanding of government, and her demonstrated leadership will help CropLife continue to move industry priorities forward." Before joining CLA, Browne worked for USDA's Farm Service Agency —starting first in Oregon as the state executive director before moving to Washington, D.C., as the deputy administrator of field operations. Browne also recently worked on the Senate Agriculture Committee. Browne founded and was president and CEO of Browne Consulting, where she worked with farmers to develop and manage conservation projects, advised clients on water rights issues, Farm Bill programs and more. Her agriculture experience is grounded in her experience as a farmer/rancher in Oregon, where she served as vice president of the Oregon Farm Bureau.

| Rural Advocate News | Wednesday September 21, 2022 |

Wednesday Watch List Markets A report on U.S. existing home sales in August is due out at 9 a.m. CDT Wednesday, followed by the Energy Department's weekly energy inventory at 9:30 a.m. CDT. Ethanol production has slowed lately and will be watched in the 9:30 a.m. report. Wednesday is the final day of the Federal Reserve's two-day meeting and you will want to be seated for the increase in interest rates expected to be out at 1 p.m. Weather Heat remains in place across a good portion of the south Wednesday, but a strong fall cold front continues to work its way southeast through the country. Areas of showers and thunderstorms will come along with the front, being strongest across the eastern Great Lakes later Wednesday and Wednesday night, extending back to Colorado. Temperatures behind the front are some 20 to 30 degrees lower than they were yesterday.

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday September 20, 2022 |

Legislation Would Reduce Regulation on Trucking Industry Legislation introduced last week would remove burdensome government regulations from the trucking industry, according to Senator Mike Rounds. The South Dakota Republican introduced the Trucking Regulations Unduly Constricting Known Service-providers, or TRUCKS Act. Rounds says the regulations are burdensome to agriculture, school districts and trucking companies. In 2012, then-President Obama signed into law legislation that set in motion a new rule that created a requirement for Entry-Level Driver Training. The final rulemaking went into effect earlier this year. All new drivers who wish to obtain their Commercial Driver’s License must now complete Entry-Level Driver Training, adding a burdensome requirement at a time when the American Trucking Association estimates a nationwide trucker shortage of 80,000 drivers. The bill would allow states to issue a new “Small Business Restricted CDL” so Entry-Level Driver Training requirements would not affect small businesses with nine CDLs or less. The U.S. Custom Harvesters have endorsed the legislation. *********************************************************************************** Not All Happy with Climate-Smart Practices Funding The Climate-Smart agriculture partnerships funding announced last week has some environmental groups drawing criticism. While welcomed by many in the food and agriculture sector, environmental group Friends of the Earth says some of the funding recipients are unacceptable. Funding recipients and partners include a range of corporations, universities, NGOs, trade associations, farms, tribal organizations, and state agencies. USDA is expected to soon make another announcement of $700 million for smaller projects under this initiative. Jason Davison, Senior Food and Agriculture Campaigner at Friends of the Earth, says, “Unfortunately, several of them will funnel tens of millions of taxpayer dollars to some of the most egregious climate offenders — Big Ag corporations like JBS, Cargill, and ADM.” Davison adds, “Many of these corporations and trade associations have historically fought climate mitigation measures, refusing to report data on their emissions and other pollution.” Friends of the Earth called on Congress and the Department of Agriculture to ensure transparency and accountability for the projects. *********************************************************************************** USDA Funds Six International Research Projects on Climate-Smart Agriculture USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service Monday announced grants for research and educational partnerships focused on climate-smart agriculture in tropical countries. Foreign Agricultural Service Administrator Daniel Whitley announced the $300,000 in funding to six U.S. universities. Whitley says, “We’re confident that they can collaborate on climate solutions that contribute to food security and agricultural sustainability, both locally and globally.” The Foreign Agricultural Service is awarding the funds under the Scientific Cooperation Research Program. FAS is awarding approximately $50,000 each to Tennessee State University, the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Texas State University, the University of Missouri, the University of Nebraska, and Louisiana State University. Whitley noted that this year's awards support two of USDA's top priorities under Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack and Deputy Secretary Jewel Bronaugh: putting agriculture at the center of solutions to the global climate crisis; and advancing racial justice, equity and opportunity in USDA program administration through the involvement of three prominent minority-serving institutions. *********************************************************************************** Food Insecurity Rates Differ Across States USDA’s Economic Research Service Monday released data showing the variations of food insecurity across the nation. Food insecurity rates vary across States because of household-level characteristics, State-level characteristics, and State-level policies. The estimated prevalence rates of food insecurity during 2019-21 ranged from 5.4 percent in New Hampshire to 15.3 percent in Mississippi. The estimated national average was 10.4 percent. The prevalence of food insecurity was significantly higher than the national average in nine States and lower than the national average in the District of Columbia and 14 States. In the remaining 27 States, differences from the national average were not statistically significant. USDA monitors the extent of food insecurity in U.S. households at the national and State levels through an annual U.S. Census Bureau survey. State-level estimates are obtained by averaging three years of data. Food-insecure households are those that had difficulty at some time during the year providing enough food for all members of the house due to a lack of resources. *********************************************************************************** Dickhut Retiring from Farmers National Company Farmers National Company Monday announced Randy Dickhut (dick-hoot), Senior Vice President of Real Estate Operations, will retire on September 30, 2022. He retires after more than 20 years of work and leadership within the company. Dickhoot began his career with Farmers National Company in 2002 as a Farm Manager in West Central Illinois. In 2006, he moved to Omaha, Nebraska when promoted to the Vice President of Client Relations, and will complete his tenure with the company as the Senior Vice President of Real Estate Operations. Farmers National Company also announced that Paul Schadegg, Western Area Sales Manager, has been promoted to Senior Vice President of Real Estate Operations. Paul brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise to his new role with 20+ years of real estate and farm management experience. Farmers National Company, an employee-owned company, is the nation's leading agricultural landowner services company. *********************************************************************************** Murky Future for Fuel Prices Fuel prices fell again last week, but GasBuddy says the near-term future is murky. The decline marks the 14th consecutive week of declines. The nation's average gas price declined 3.9 cents from a week ago to $3.64 per gallon. The national average is down 25.7 cents from a month ago but 45.9 cents higher than a year ago. The average diesel price declined 7.0 cents last week and stands at $4.93 per gallon. However, this week could change the downward trend, according to GasBuddy’s Patrick De Haan, who says, “With some issues arising in Plains and Great Lakes states as the transition to winter gasoline begins, I think we have the best potential to see the weekly trend of falling prices snapped.” West Coast states also continue to see increases as unexpected refinery issues continue to percolate, preventing a downward move. De Haan adds, “diesel prices should continue to ease after a much-needed jump in inventories last week.”

| Rural Advocate News | Tuesday September 20, 2022 |

Tuesday Watch List Markets A report on U.S. housing starts in August is due out at 7:30 a.m. CDT and is the only significant report of the day. Traders will keep an eye on the latest weather forecasts for the U.S. and South America, watch for a possible export sale announcement and any news regarding Ukraine or Wednesday's expected rate hike. Weather A strong cold front has dropped out of Canada and into the Northern Plains on Tuesday morning. The front will continue southeast through the day, getting into the Central Plains and the Upper Midwest by tonight. Limited showers are expected with the front, but some better thunderstorms will be possible around Wisconsin in a couple of rounds. Hot temperatures continue ahead of the front while much cooler temperatures follow behind it by about 20-30 degrees.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday September 19, 2022 |

Agricultural Share of Exports Hit High Mark in 2021 The value of all U.S. exports has grown at an average annual rate of six percent since 2002 and reached a record high of $1.4 trillion in fiscal year 2021. The USDA says while the bulk of U.S. exports consists of industrial supplies and capital goods, agriculture’s share of total U.S. exports has steadily increased. Between fiscal years 2002 and 2021, the value of agricultural exports rose by an average of 11 percent every year, exceeding the overall rate of increase for the rest of American exports. In 2021, ag producers accounted for 12 percent of the total value, up from nine percent in 2002. Even as total U.S. exports dropped 12 percent when COVID-19 began in fiscal year 2020, ag exports stayed steady because of surging shipments of soybeans, corn, and pork to China. In 2021, total U.S. exports rebounded by 14 percent as global demand recovered and trade restrictions relaxed. *********************************************************************************** USDA Resumes Export Sales Reports U.S. soybean exporters are off to a decent start as far as sales in the new marketing year. However, the first USDA report in several weeks says the shrinking U.S. crop, questionable Chinese demand, and South American competition are all threats to future sales opportunities. Reuters says those factors are pressuring U.S. corn exports too, but the latest level of sales was already uneventful ahead of the U.S. harvest. Technical issues prevented USDA from publishing weekly U.S. export data for almost a month. The data released last week included four weeks of sales ending on September 8. The data drought spanned marketing years as 2022-2023 began on September 1 for corn and soybeans. Soybean sales beat expectations in those four weeks at 5.75 million tons. For the 2022-2023 marketing year, U.S. corn sales during those four weeks hit 2.465 million tons. Total corn sales in the new marketing year reached 12.3 million tons. *********************************************************************************** Farmers Union Holds Successful D.C. Fly-In Last week, more than 250 members of the National Farmers Union came to Washington, D.C., from all over the country to advocate for family farmers. During the week, members attended hundreds of Congressional meetings, met with over a dozen federal agencies, and directly participated in discussions with Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack, Commodity Futures Trading Commission Chair Rostin Benham, and many others. “This has been an incredibly productive and successful fly-in for National Farmers Union,” says NFU President Rob Larew. “It’s a testament to the passion and interest of our members that they’re willing to take time away from the farm and come to Washington and build bipartisan support for Fairness for Farmers and their farm bill priorities.” Ag Secretary Tom Vilsack says National Farmers Union, in many respects, has been the architect and the designer of the work the Biden administration is doing in terms of farm country and agriculture. *********************************************************************************** Taiwan Team to Purchase 69.8 Million Bushels of U.S. Wheat Representatives from the Taiwan Flour Millers Association signed a letter of intent last week with U.S. Wheat Associates to buy 1.9 million metric tons of U.S. wheat over the next two years. Officials from U.S. Wheat Associates say that’s about 69.8 million bushels of American wheat worth $576 million. The signing took place at the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. Taiwan is the sixth-largest U.S. wheat export market and the seventh-largest overseas market for U.S. agricultural products. “American farmers place great value on the relationship between U.S. agriculture and Taiwan,” says Michael Peters, USW Vice Chairman. “We pride ourselves as being dependable partners who grow the highest quality agricultural products in the world.” The team from Taiwan also signed Letters of Intent with the U.S. Soybean Export Council and the U.S. Grains Council to purchase soybeans and corn. The total estimated commitment in the three letters is estimated at $3.2 billion. *********************************************************************************** RIPE Awarded $80 Million for Pilot Conservation Program Rural Investment to Protect our Environment (RIPE) and its partners have been awarded $80 million for a pilot program by USDA’s Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities program. RIPE is a producer-led organization advancing RIPE 100. It’s a conservation program that would pay producers $100 per acre or animal unit for stewardship, offering equitable payments above costs associated with practice implementation. Under the three-year program, the pilot will help producers in Arkansas, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Virginia prove the value of paying farmers and ranchers $100 per acre or animal unit for stewardship practices that deliver public value through carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas reductions, improved soil health, water quality and conservation, and other environmental practices. Other key principles of the pilot include easy enrollment, equitable payments, and no penalty for early adopters. Participants will get technical support in learning how to implement climate-friendly practices such as cover crops, no-till, nutrient management, and more. *********************************************************************************** Lamb Board Hosts Farm Tours for Food Influencers People who influence opinions about food are taking to the backroads of America and learning how American lamb is raised while natural resources are protected. The American Lamb Board selected key market areas for the tours, including Boston, Seattle, Boulder, and Napa. “Our Lamb Checkoff engages with food influencers because they add another layer of credibility to our messages,” says ALB Chairman Peter Camino (Kah-MEE-no). “We’ve had numerous occasions when influencer relationships created opportunities we didn’t anticipate.” On August 1, a group of 25 Boston-area chefs and food media influencers made the trip to a farm in Boxford, Massachusetts, and enjoyed a deep dive into learning about lamb. The tour shed light on the intricacies of raising sheep in New England and highlighted the regenerative farming practices the producer already employs. The next tour was held on September 18 and hosted a group of influencers at Ninety Farms, located near Seattle.

| Rural Advocate News | Monday September 19, 2022 |

Monday Watch List Markets Back from the weekend, traders may be a little cautious with an eye on outside markets as the Federal Reserve starts a two-day meeting Tuesday and is expected to increase the federal funds rate target on Wednesday. Traders will also be checking for rain prospects, especially for HRW wheat areas. USDA's weekly report of export inspections is due out at 10 a.m. CDT Monday, followed by the Crop Progress report at 3 p.m. Weather Scattered showers left over from the weekend continue over the eastern Midwest on Monday. Additional showers are developing with a weak system in the Northern Plains and Canadian Prairies. But over the rest of the country and particularly in the Central Plains, heat is building with temperatures well above normal forecast for the next couple of days. Recent showers did not fall over much of the winter wheat areas of the country which continue to suffer drought while the heat is also unfavorable. Showers may have and continue to have some negative effect for mature corn and soybeans waiting to be harvested.

| Rural Advocate News | Friday September 16, 2022 |

Tentative Railroad Agreement Reached The Biden administration helped to broker a deal between the major railroads and labor unions. The agreement avoids a rail shutdown but still has to be approved by a vote of union members. The biggest issue in the dispute wasn’t pay but working conditions. Some freight rail engineers and conductors faced on-call schedules that could see them called to work on short notice up to seven days a week. CNN says roughly 30 percent of America’s freight moves by rail. Recently harvested crops would be stuck, unable to reach processing plants and risk spoiling. The shutdown would have likely made inflation worse, cost the U.S. economy up to $2 billion a day, and affected the agriculture, manufacturing, and energy sectors of the economy. Emily Skor, CEO of Growth Energy, told Reuters that the deal is great for the ethanol industry as much of the country’s biofuel supplies are moved by railroads. *********************************************************************************** Wheat Growers Applaud Rail Agreement The National Association of Wheat Growers and U.S. Wheat Associates applaud the tentative agreement between the railroads and rail union representative that averted a potential Friday rail shutdown. While the union members have to vote on the deal, they have agreed not to strike while the deal goes through ratification. “COVID-19 forced rail laborers into a tough situation as essential workers, and we applaud their willingness to come to an agreement,” says NAWG CEO Chandler Goule. “We also appreciate the railroads understanding the severity of the situation and taking steps to improve their services.” Wheat growers are uniquely reliant on rail due to the large distances between production and consumption. “Our country’s reputation as the world’s most reliable wheat supplier depends heavily on functioning rail transportation and that won’t change in the future,” says USW President Vince Peterson. Railroads have moved more than one billion bushels of wheat during the last five years. *********************************************************************************** NCBA Wants Limited Greenhouse Gas Rule The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association reiterated the need for a limited version of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s greenhouse gas disclosure rule. SEC Chair Gary Gensler recently testified before the Senate Committee on Banking. “The SEC’s proposed greenhouse gas disclosure rule is aimed at large publicly-traded companies but would lead to unintended consequences for small businesses like farms and ranches,” says NCBA Chief Counsel Mary-Thomas Hart. “The rule would require data that simply does not exist at the farm or ranch level and increases the regulatory burden on individual cattle producers.” She also says they’re asking the SEC to limit their proposed rule to avoid unintentional impacts to farms and ranches across the country. The greenhouse gas rule would require businesses up and down the beef supply chain to disclose their greenhouse gas emissions, including farms and ranches. The rule would also expose individual producers to additional levels of legal liability. *********************************************************************************** Court Rules GMO QR Codes Unlawful A U.S. District Court says the USDA’s decision to allow genetically engineered foods to only be labeled with a QR code was unlawful. The Center for Food Safety says USDA is required to add additional disclosure options to those foods under the USDA’s Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard. “This is a victory for all Americans,” says Meredith Stevenson, Center for Food Safety staff attorney and counsel in the case. “The decision marks a key step toward ending the food industry’s deceptive and discriminatory GMO food labeling practices, which have kept consumers in the dark by concealing what’s in their products.” The Court sent back to the agency the QR code portions of the 2018 Trump administration rules for GMO labeling that went into effect on January 1 of this year. The Center also says the court now confirmed that the USDA acted unlawfully in allowing standalone QR code and other electronic GMO labeling. *********************************************************************************** Subcommittee Hearing Covers Pros and Cons of “Right to Repair” The House Small Business Subcommittee heard from both sides in the right-to-repair debate in agriculture. Industry Update Dot Com says lawmakers will have to consider measures that would require machine manufacturers to give customers the software, parts, and tools they want to make their own repairs. Ken Taylor of the Equipment Dealers Association expressed concern that giving people access to internal software in their equipment would allow them to change emissions and safety controls in tractors and other implements. While dealers already sell several parts directly to farmers, the manufacturer’s association doesn’t want customers tampering with controls for safety, environmental, and health reasons. Gay Gordon-Byrne represented the Repair Association and said farmers just want to be able to get parts and make repairs themselves. “All this worry about modifying emissions and tweaking tractors isn’t repair,” she says. “We just want to do something simple that’s been complicated by these questions.” *********************************************************************************** Farmers for Soil Health Thankful for Funding The National Corn Growers Association applauded a recent USDA decision to allocate up to $95 million in funding to help farmers accelerate their cover crop adoption. The funding will support Farmers for Soil Health, which works to advance conservation practices to improve soil health across the U.S. The FFSH collaborative is comprised of commodity groups, including the NCGA, the American Soybean Association, the National Pork Board, and the United Soybean Board. “We appreciate the USDA for recognizing the important role that farmers play in combatting climate change,” says NCGA Vice President of Production and Sustainability Nathan Fields. “These funds will help us identify and support practices that work for corn growers, expand the use of cover crops, and build on our efforts to lower greenhouse gas emissions.” Fields also says the